电子商务影响下的“淘宝村”乡村重构多维度分析——以湖北省十堰市郧西县下营村为例
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摘要
以湖北省十堰市郧西县下营村为例,利用半结构式访谈、问卷调查并结合遥感影像解译与GIS可视化表达等方法对电子商务驱动下乡村经济、社会及空间重构进行刻画。研究表明:①下营村由传统的农业主导转变为一、二、三产业融合发展的多元结构,并显露出生态化转向。②社会空间趋向于就业高度非农化、治理主体多元化、公共服务健全化、生活方式现代化及交往空间虚拟化。③农业生产空间逐步压缩,非农生产空间逐步扩张,生产-生态复合空间增加,居住空间呈现多功能化、集约化。④产业基础、电商平台、物流设施、乡村精英、资源禀赋和政府支持为其转型与发展提供了初始引擎、资源支撑和外部支持。
In recent years, the boom of rural e-commerce in China has produced obvious effect on the morphology of economy, society and space in rural areas. Attempting to reveal the process and mechanism of rural restructuring driven by e-commerce, we applied semi-structural interview to depict and analyze the characteristics of this transition from the dimensions of economy, society and ecology. Moreover, we synthesized participatory rural appraisal and GIS techniques to map and quantitatively illustrate the spatial changes. Ultimately,the influential factors and characteristics of this pioneering undertaking were analyzed. The results showed dramatic changes in socio-economic morphology of Xiaying Village. Firstly, as for industrial mode, the pattern dominated by traditional agriculture has been transformed to that with a combination of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. The industrial chain that integrates production, processing and selling has gradually formed, so that the industrial structure tends to be comprehensive and presents an ecological transition. Secondly, a growing number of young people who have become the mainstream of rural development get employed in non-agricultural industry, which indicates that rural e-commerce is an effective path for realizing situ urbanization. Rural e-commerce complicates the interest relationship among villagers and awakens their subject consciousness, thereby causing the increasing diversification of governance mainstream. In response, the trend of public service perfection, lifestyle modernization and social communication visualization becomes prominently. Thirdly, the element flows and their inherent physical movement resulted in the changes of their space carrier, concretely embodies in the gradual compression of agricultural production space and the intensive expansion of non-agricultural production space. Production-ecological compound space has experienced a sharp increase, and living space tends to be multifunctional and intensive. Fourthly, the industrial foundation of kallaite exploitation and processing plays a pivotal role in the process of rural restructuring in Xiaying Viallge. Besides, the e-commerce platform, logistics infrastructure, rural elites, resource endowments, as well as government support also function as the initial engine, resource support and external power. Finally, we analyzed the obstacles of rural restructuring and proposed some targeted countermeasures. Moreover, challenges and opportunities created by e-commerce for rural areas of inland and coastal areas were discussed, respectively.
In recent years, the boom of rural e-commerce in China has produced obvious effect on the morphology of economy, society and space in rural areas. Attempting to reveal the process and mechanism of rural restructuring driven by e-commerce, we applied semi-structural interview to depict and analyze the characteristics of this transition from the dimensions of economy, society and ecology. Moreover, we synthesized participatory rural appraisal and GIS techniques to map and quantitatively illustrate the spatial changes. Ultimately,the influential factors and characteristics of this pioneering undertaking were analyzed. The results showed dramatic changes in socio-economic morphology of Xiaying Village. Firstly, as for industrial mode, the pattern dominated by traditional agriculture has been transformed to that with a combination of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. The industrial chain that integrates production, processing and selling has gradually formed, so that the industrial structure tends to be comprehensive and presents an ecological transition. Secondly, a growing number of young people who have become the mainstream of rural development get employed in non-agricultural industry, which indicates that rural e-commerce is an effective path for realizing situ urbanization. Rural e-commerce complicates the interest relationship among villagers and awakens their subject consciousness, thereby causing the increasing diversification of governance mainstream. In response, the trend of public service perfection, lifestyle modernization and social communication visualization becomes prominently. Thirdly, the element flows and their inherent physical movement resulted in the changes of their space carrier, concretely embodies in the gradual compression of agricultural production space and the intensive expansion of non-agricultural production space. Production-ecological compound space has experienced a sharp increase, and living space tends to be multifunctional and intensive. Fourthly, the industrial foundation of kallaite exploitation and processing plays a pivotal role in the process of rural restructuring in Xiaying Viallge. Besides, the e-commerce platform, logistics infrastructure, rural elites, resource endowments, as well as government support also function as the initial engine, resource support and external power. Finally, we analyzed the obstacles of rural restructuring and proposed some targeted countermeasures. Moreover, challenges and opportunities created by e-commerce for rural areas of inland and coastal areas were discussed, respectively.
引文
[1]龙花楼,屠爽爽.乡村重构的理论认知[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(5):581-590.[Long Hualou,Tu Shuangshuang.Theoretical thinking of rural restructuring.Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):581-590.]
[2]Long Hualou,Liu Yansui.Rural restructuring in China[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2016,47:387-391.
[3]千庆兰,陈颖彪,刘素娴,等.淘宝镇的发展特征与形成机制解析--基于广州新塘镇的实证研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(7):1040-1048.[Qian Qinglan,Chen Yingbiao,Liu Suxian et al.Development characteristics and formation mechanism of Taobao Town:Taking Xintang Town in Guangzhou as an example.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(7):1040-1048.]
[4]单建树,罗震东.集聚与裂变--淘宝村、镇空间分布特征与演化趋势研究[J].上海城市规划,2017(2):98-104.[Shan Jianshu,Luo Zhendong.Agglomeration and fission:Spatial distribution characteristics and evolution trends of Taobao Villages and Towns.Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2017(2):98-104.]
[5]罗震东,何鹤鸣.新自下而上进程--电子商务作用下的乡村城镇化[J].城市规划,2017,41(3):31-40.[Luo Zhendong,He Heming.New urbanization from below in China:Rural urbanization driven by E-commerce.City Planning Review,2017,41(3):31-40]
[6]龙花楼,屠爽爽.论乡村重构[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):563-576.[Long Hualou,Tu Shuangshuang.Rural restructuring:Theory,approach and research prospect.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(4):563-576.]
[7]Tu Shuangshuang,Long Hualou,Zhang Yingnan et al.Rural restructuring at village level under rapid urbanization in metropolitan suburbs of China and its implications for innovations in land use policy[J].Habitat International,2018,77:143-152.
[8]杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼,等.中国乡村转型重构研究进展与展望--逻辑主线与内容框架[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(8):1019-1030.[Yang Ren,Liu Yansui,Long Hualou et al.Research progress and prospect of rural transformation and reconstruction in China:Paradigms and main content.Progress in Geography,2015,34(8):1019-1030.]
[9]Lin Geng,Xie Xiaoru,Lv Zuyi.Taobao practices,everyday life and emerging hybrid rurality in contemporary China[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2016,47:514-523.
[10]张天泽,张京祥.乡村增长主义:基于“乡村工业化”与“淘宝村”的比较与反思[J].城市发展研究,2018,25(6):112-119.[Zhang Tianze,Zhang Jingxiang.New growth supremacism in rural areas:Interpretation and reflection on the phenomenon of‘Taobao Village’.Urban Studies,2018,25(6):112-119.]
[11]杨思,李郇,魏宗财,等.“互联网+”时代淘宝村的空间变迁与重构[J].规划师,2016,32(5):117-123.[Yang Si,Li Xun,Wei Zongcai et al.Spatial transition and restructuring of Taobao villages in‘Internet+Era’.Planners,2016,32(5):117-123.]
[12]祝君红,朱立伟,黄新飞.中国“淘宝村”形成机理:路径、成因和动力研究[J].上海商学院学报,2017,18(2):6-12.[Zhu Junhong,Zhu Liwei,Huang Xinfei.The formation mechanism of Taobao village in China:Path,cause and impetus.Journal of Shanghai Business School,2017,18(2):6-12.]
[13]张嘉欣,千庆兰,陈颖彪,等.空间生产视角下广州里仁洞“淘宝村”的空间变迁[J].经济地理,2016,36(1):120-126.[Zhang Jiaxin,Qian Qinglan,Chen Yingbiao et al.The spatial change of Taobao village in Lirengdong,Guangzhou in the perspective of spatial production.Economic Geography,2016,36(1):120-126.]
[14]Wilson R H.Rural Telecommunications[J].Policy Studies Journal,1992,20:289-300.
[15]Castells M.Grossrooting the space of flows[J].Urban Geography,1999,20:294-302.
[16]Salemink K,Strijker D,Bosworth G.Rural development in the digital age:A systematic literature review on unequal ICT availability,adoption,and use in rural areas[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2017,54:360-371.
[17]甄峰,赵勇,郑俊,等.新农村建设与乡村发展研究--唐山、秦皇岛乡村个案分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):464-470.[Zhen Feng,Zhao Yong,Zheng Jun et al.New rural construction and rural development Case study of villages in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(4):464-470.]
[18]程叶青.农业地域系统演变的动态模拟与优化调控研究--以东北地区为例[J].地理科学,2010,30(1):60-65.[Cheng Yeqing.Dynamic simulation and optimized adjustment of agricultural-territorial system-A case study on Northeast China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2010,30(1):60-65.]
[19]孙中伟,路紫.流空间基本性质的地理学透视[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(1):109-112.[Sun Zhongwei,Lu Zi.A geographical perspective to the elementary nature of space of flows.Geography and Geo-information Science,2005,21(1):109-112.]
[20]Helbing D,Armbruster D,Mikhailov A S et al.Information and material flows in complex networks[J].Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications,2006,363:11-16.
[21]谭雪兰,于思远,陈婉铃,等.长株潭地区乡村功能评价及地域分异特征研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(8):1203-1210.[Tan Xuelan,Yu Siyuan,Chen Wanling et al.Evaluation of rural function and spatial division in Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomerations.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(8):1203-1210.]
[22]李智,张小林,李红波,等.基于村域尺度的乡村性评价及乡村发展模式研究--以江苏省金坛市为例[J].地理科学,2017,37(8):1194-1202.[Li Zhi,Zhang Xiaolin,Li Hongbo et al.Research on rurality at village scale and rural development model:A case of Jintan City,Jiangsu Province.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(8):1194-1202.]
[23]李伯华,周鑫,刘沛林,等.城镇化进程中张谷英村功能转型与空间重构[J].地理科学,2018,38(8):1310-1318.[Li Bohua,Zhou Xin,Liu Peilin et al.Function transformation and spatial reconstructuring of Zhangguying Village in urbanization.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2018,38(8):1310-1318.]
[24]丁疆辉,刘卫东.农村信息技术应用的地理学研究进展与评析[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(5):759-766.[Ding Jianghui,Liu Weidong.Progress in geographical studies of rural informationalization.Progress in Geography,2009,28(5):759-766.]
[25]屠爽爽,龙花楼,张英男,等.典型村域乡村重构的过程及其驱动因素[J].地理学报,2019,74(2):323-339.[Tu Shuangshuang,Long Hualou,Zhang Yingnan et al.Process and driving factors of rural restructuring in typical villages.Acta Geographica Sinica,2019,74(2):323-339.]
[2]Long Hualou,Liu Yansui.Rural restructuring in China[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2016,47:387-391.
[3]千庆兰,陈颖彪,刘素娴,等.淘宝镇的发展特征与形成机制解析--基于广州新塘镇的实证研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(7):1040-1048.[Qian Qinglan,Chen Yingbiao,Liu Suxian et al.Development characteristics and formation mechanism of Taobao Town:Taking Xintang Town in Guangzhou as an example.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(7):1040-1048.]
[4]单建树,罗震东.集聚与裂变--淘宝村、镇空间分布特征与演化趋势研究[J].上海城市规划,2017(2):98-104.[Shan Jianshu,Luo Zhendong.Agglomeration and fission:Spatial distribution characteristics and evolution trends of Taobao Villages and Towns.Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2017(2):98-104.]
[5]罗震东,何鹤鸣.新自下而上进程--电子商务作用下的乡村城镇化[J].城市规划,2017,41(3):31-40.[Luo Zhendong,He Heming.New urbanization from below in China:Rural urbanization driven by E-commerce.City Planning Review,2017,41(3):31-40]
[6]龙花楼,屠爽爽.论乡村重构[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):563-576.[Long Hualou,Tu Shuangshuang.Rural restructuring:Theory,approach and research prospect.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(4):563-576.]
[7]Tu Shuangshuang,Long Hualou,Zhang Yingnan et al.Rural restructuring at village level under rapid urbanization in metropolitan suburbs of China and its implications for innovations in land use policy[J].Habitat International,2018,77:143-152.
[8]杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼,等.中国乡村转型重构研究进展与展望--逻辑主线与内容框架[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(8):1019-1030.[Yang Ren,Liu Yansui,Long Hualou et al.Research progress and prospect of rural transformation and reconstruction in China:Paradigms and main content.Progress in Geography,2015,34(8):1019-1030.]
[9]Lin Geng,Xie Xiaoru,Lv Zuyi.Taobao practices,everyday life and emerging hybrid rurality in contemporary China[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2016,47:514-523.
[10]张天泽,张京祥.乡村增长主义:基于“乡村工业化”与“淘宝村”的比较与反思[J].城市发展研究,2018,25(6):112-119.[Zhang Tianze,Zhang Jingxiang.New growth supremacism in rural areas:Interpretation and reflection on the phenomenon of‘Taobao Village’.Urban Studies,2018,25(6):112-119.]
[11]杨思,李郇,魏宗财,等.“互联网+”时代淘宝村的空间变迁与重构[J].规划师,2016,32(5):117-123.[Yang Si,Li Xun,Wei Zongcai et al.Spatial transition and restructuring of Taobao villages in‘Internet+Era’.Planners,2016,32(5):117-123.]
[12]祝君红,朱立伟,黄新飞.中国“淘宝村”形成机理:路径、成因和动力研究[J].上海商学院学报,2017,18(2):6-12.[Zhu Junhong,Zhu Liwei,Huang Xinfei.The formation mechanism of Taobao village in China:Path,cause and impetus.Journal of Shanghai Business School,2017,18(2):6-12.]
[13]张嘉欣,千庆兰,陈颖彪,等.空间生产视角下广州里仁洞“淘宝村”的空间变迁[J].经济地理,2016,36(1):120-126.[Zhang Jiaxin,Qian Qinglan,Chen Yingbiao et al.The spatial change of Taobao village in Lirengdong,Guangzhou in the perspective of spatial production.Economic Geography,2016,36(1):120-126.]
[14]Wilson R H.Rural Telecommunications[J].Policy Studies Journal,1992,20:289-300.
[15]Castells M.Grossrooting the space of flows[J].Urban Geography,1999,20:294-302.
[16]Salemink K,Strijker D,Bosworth G.Rural development in the digital age:A systematic literature review on unequal ICT availability,adoption,and use in rural areas[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2017,54:360-371.
[17]甄峰,赵勇,郑俊,等.新农村建设与乡村发展研究--唐山、秦皇岛乡村个案分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):464-470.[Zhen Feng,Zhao Yong,Zheng Jun et al.New rural construction and rural development Case study of villages in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(4):464-470.]
[18]程叶青.农业地域系统演变的动态模拟与优化调控研究--以东北地区为例[J].地理科学,2010,30(1):60-65.[Cheng Yeqing.Dynamic simulation and optimized adjustment of agricultural-territorial system-A case study on Northeast China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2010,30(1):60-65.]
[19]孙中伟,路紫.流空间基本性质的地理学透视[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(1):109-112.[Sun Zhongwei,Lu Zi.A geographical perspective to the elementary nature of space of flows.Geography and Geo-information Science,2005,21(1):109-112.]
[20]Helbing D,Armbruster D,Mikhailov A S et al.Information and material flows in complex networks[J].Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications,2006,363:11-16.
[21]谭雪兰,于思远,陈婉铃,等.长株潭地区乡村功能评价及地域分异特征研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(8):1203-1210.[Tan Xuelan,Yu Siyuan,Chen Wanling et al.Evaluation of rural function and spatial division in Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomerations.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(8):1203-1210.]
[22]李智,张小林,李红波,等.基于村域尺度的乡村性评价及乡村发展模式研究--以江苏省金坛市为例[J].地理科学,2017,37(8):1194-1202.[Li Zhi,Zhang Xiaolin,Li Hongbo et al.Research on rurality at village scale and rural development model:A case of Jintan City,Jiangsu Province.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(8):1194-1202.]
[23]李伯华,周鑫,刘沛林,等.城镇化进程中张谷英村功能转型与空间重构[J].地理科学,2018,38(8):1310-1318.[Li Bohua,Zhou Xin,Liu Peilin et al.Function transformation and spatial reconstructuring of Zhangguying Village in urbanization.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2018,38(8):1310-1318.]
[24]丁疆辉,刘卫东.农村信息技术应用的地理学研究进展与评析[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(5):759-766.[Ding Jianghui,Liu Weidong.Progress in geographical studies of rural informationalization.Progress in Geography,2009,28(5):759-766.]
[25]屠爽爽,龙花楼,张英男,等.典型村域乡村重构的过程及其驱动因素[J].地理学报,2019,74(2):323-339.[Tu Shuangshuang,Long Hualou,Zhang Yingnan et al.Process and driving factors of rural restructuring in typical villages.Acta Geographica Sinica,2019,74(2):323-339.]