凭单制购买工具的转换研究——基于江苏省购买农村转移劳动力就业服务个案的分析
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摘要
政府购买社会服务在我国还处于探索阶段,如何选择购买服务的工具是地方政府迫切需要解决的问题。凭单制是一种政府购买社会服务政策工具,根据竞争性和支付方式两个分类维度,可分为四种次级工具,即单竞争性公平凭单、单竞争性效率凭单、双竞争性公平凭单和双竞争性效率凭单。不同种类的次级凭单工具有其特定的适用范围和条件。江苏省购买农村转移劳动力就业服务使用的是凭单制的购买工具,并发生了从单竞争性公平凭单向单竞争性效率凭单的转换。应增强消费者选择的意愿和能力,增强凭单制设计的科学性与开放性,政府要加强监管,让社会服务组织成为独立法人和市场主体。
The government purchasing social services in China is still in the exploration stage,however,how to choose the tool of purchasing is a problem that the local government has an urgent need to solve. The voucher system is a kind of policy tools of government purchasing social services,which can be classified into four secondary tools in accordance with two dimension,competition and payment;and the four secondary tools are respectively the single competition fairness voucher,the single competitive efficiency voucher,the double competition fairness voucher and the double competitive efficiency voucher.And those secondary voucher tools have their own applicable scope and specific conditions. Therefore,the employment service of rural migrant labors in Jiangsu province adopts the voucher system tools,and the conversion from the single competition fairness voucher to the single competitive efficiency voucher occurred as well. According to the characteristics and the transformation rules of the secondary voucher system tools in Jiangsu province,the government should strengthen the willingness and ability of consumers,enhance the science nature and openness of the voucher system,reinforce supervision and make social service organizations become the independent legal person and market entity,aiming to optimize the use of voucher system tools
The government purchasing social services in China is still in the exploration stage,however,how to choose the tool of purchasing is a problem that the local government has an urgent need to solve. The voucher system is a kind of policy tools of government purchasing social services,which can be classified into four secondary tools in accordance with two dimension,competition and payment;and the four secondary tools are respectively the single competition fairness voucher,the single competitive efficiency voucher,the double competition fairness voucher and the double competitive efficiency voucher.And those secondary voucher tools have their own applicable scope and specific conditions. Therefore,the employment service of rural migrant labors in Jiangsu province adopts the voucher system tools,and the conversion from the single competition fairness voucher to the single competitive efficiency voucher occurred as well. According to the characteristics and the transformation rules of the secondary voucher system tools in Jiangsu province,the government should strengthen the willingness and ability of consumers,enhance the science nature and openness of the voucher system,reinforce supervision and make social service organizations become the independent legal person and market entity,aiming to optimize the use of voucher system tools
引文
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[3]宋世明.美国行政改革研究[M].北京:国家行政学院出版社,1999.
[4]詹国彬.凭单制在我国教育领域中的适用性分析---一种基于新制度经济学的分析视角[J].国家教育行政学院学报,2005,(7):52.
[5]李红霞.理解凭单制:渊源、机制、模式及运用[J].福建行政学院福利经济管理干部学院学报,2005(,1):20-21,22.
[6]Bridge,Gary.Citizen Choice in Public Services:Voucher System.in E.S.Savas(eds.).Alternatives Delivering Public Services:Toward Improved Performance[M].Westview:Boulder,CO,1977.
[7]Stuerle,C.Eugene.Common Issues for Voucher Programs.Conference Papers,Conference on Vouchers and Related Delivery Mechanisms:Consumer Choice in theProvision of Public Services[M].Brookings Institution,Washington,DC,1998,October.
[8]季璐.政府购买社会服务的政策工具箱和匹配性考察[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015,(4):57.
[9]江苏近10万农民受益培训券[EB/OL][.2006-10-25].http://www.jshrss.gov.cn/sy2011/index.html.
[10]江苏省财政厅.江苏省农村劳动力职业技能培训鉴定获证奖补政策解读[EB/OL][.2014-09-18].http://www.jscz.gov.cn/pub/jscz/xxgk/gkml/201409/t20140918_63146.html.
[11]贾西津,等.中国政府购买公共服务研究终期报告(亚行对华技术援助项目TA4790-PRC),2009.
[12][美]戴维·奥斯本、彼德·普拉斯特里克.摒弃官僚制:政府再造的五项战略[M].谭功荣,刘霞,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002:189.