基于启发式模型仿真的货车转向架悬挂非线性研究
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摘要
为了合理挖掘技术潜能,货车转向架设计及运用需要依靠基础试验手段,通过启发式模型仿真,逐步形成对其悬挂非线性的正确认知,在轻量化车体与走行部之间尽可能避免产生相关激励。利用刚柔耦合仿真技术,典型工程案例分析表明:在轻量化车体与走行部之间,重载卡滞是相关激励形成的1项主要成因。在重载卡滞的影响下,如中部横向支架斜撑杆局部结构失稳和中部侧墙横向结构不稳定,两者均会转变为振动开裂或振动疲劳问题。等效斜楔摩擦模型具有对干摩擦强非线性影响的启示意义,且形成了如下2点正确认知:相对摩擦因子并非恒定不变,在重载工况下,一般不得大于0.10;加载卡滞单边力学特性迫使心盘垂向动荷趋于脉冲载荷类型,其对轻量化车体结构疲劳损伤的负面影响不容忽视。结合快捷铁路货运需求,合理制订了解决重载卡滞问题的技术方案,利用复合斜楔新技术,参考典型配置形式,适当增大斜楔尖角,消除或减轻干摩擦强非线性影响。
To excavate rationally technical potential, design and application of freight bogies need to rely on the basic test means so as to gradually form the correct cognition of their suspension nonlinearity through heuristic model simulations, and avoid correlative excitations to be produced between lightweight car-body and running part. With the rigid-flexible coupled simulation technique, the analyses of typical engineering cases indicated that the clamping stagnation in laden is one of the main causes to form correlative excitations; under influences of the clamping stagnation in laden, the local structural instability in inclined bars of central lateral trestles and lateral structural instability of central side-walls appear, both of them are converted into vibration cracking or vibration fatigue problem; the equivalent wedge friction model has heuristic significances to affect dry friction nonlinearity, and form two correct cognitions including that relative friction factor is not constant, it is generally less than 0.10 in laden and that the unilateral mechanical property of clamping stagnation makes vertical dynamic loads of central bowls tend to pulse-type ones and its negative effects on fatigue damage of lightweight car-body structure can't be ignored; combined with demands of rapid railway freight, the technical scheme to solve problems of clamping stagnation in laden is reasonably formulated, i.e., the strong nonlinear influences of dry friction can be removed or reduced through adopting the novel technique of composite wedge, referencing typical configurations and increasing the wedge angle appropriately.
To excavate rationally technical potential, design and application of freight bogies need to rely on the basic test means so as to gradually form the correct cognition of their suspension nonlinearity through heuristic model simulations, and avoid correlative excitations to be produced between lightweight car-body and running part. With the rigid-flexible coupled simulation technique, the analyses of typical engineering cases indicated that the clamping stagnation in laden is one of the main causes to form correlative excitations; under influences of the clamping stagnation in laden, the local structural instability in inclined bars of central lateral trestles and lateral structural instability of central side-walls appear, both of them are converted into vibration cracking or vibration fatigue problem; the equivalent wedge friction model has heuristic significances to affect dry friction nonlinearity, and form two correct cognitions including that relative friction factor is not constant, it is generally less than 0.10 in laden and that the unilateral mechanical property of clamping stagnation makes vertical dynamic loads of central bowls tend to pulse-type ones and its negative effects on fatigue damage of lightweight car-body structure can't be ignored; combined with demands of rapid railway freight, the technical scheme to solve problems of clamping stagnation in laden is reasonably formulated, i.e., the strong nonlinear influences of dry friction can be removed or reduced through adopting the novel technique of composite wedge, referencing typical configurations and increasing the wedge angle appropriately.
引文
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[18] 朴明伟,杨晶,赵强,等.高铁车辆刚柔耦合仿真奇异性及其处理对策[J].计算机集成制造系统,2015,21(9):2459-2466.PIAO Mingwei,YANG Jing,ZHAO Qiang,et al.Rigid-flex coupling simulation singularity of HSRS and transaction strategy[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2015,21(9):2459-2466.
[2] BOSSO N,GUGLIOTTA A,SOMà.Multibody simulation of a freight bogie with friction dampers[C]//Proceedings of the2002 ASMEllEEE Joint Rail Conference,Washington,DC,2002:23-25.
[3] BRUNI S,VINOLAS J,BERG M,et al.Modelling of suspension components in a rail vehicle dynamics context[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2011,29(7):1021-1072.
[4] IWNICKI S,BEZIN Y,ORLOVA A,et al.The ‘SUSTRAIL’ high speed freight vehicle:Simulation of novel running gear design[C]// 23rd International Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and on Tracks,19-23 August,Qingdao,China,2013.
[5] ORLOVA A,ROMEN Y.Refining the wedge friction damper of three-piece freight bogies[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2008,46(Sup1):445-455.
[6] 王勤忠,曹志礼,金新灿.货车转向架摩擦减振器相对摩擦因数的测试及评定研究[J].铁道车辆,2001,39(5):6-8.WANG Qinzhong,CAO Zhili,JIN Xincan.Research of testing and evaluation on the relative friction factor of friction damper on freight car bogie[J].Rolling Stock,2001,39(5):6-8.
[7] WU Q,COLE C,SPIRYAGIN M,et al.A review of dynamics modelling of friction wedge suspensions[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2014,52(11):1389-1415.
[8] 朴明伟,王婷,兆文忠.集装箱平车垂向振动问题及减振对策[J].振动与冲击,2008,27(4):117-121.PIAO Mingwei,WANG Ting,ZHAO Wenzhong.Container flat wagon’s vertical vibration problem and its vibration-reducing strategy[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2008,27(4):117-121.
[9] 杨晶,吴荣坤,彭钰,等.驮背运输2车组系统内力复杂性及其处理技术对策[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(17):185-195.YANG Jing,WU Rongkun,PENG Yu,et al.Constraint complexity of two-vehicle set for piggyback transportation and transaction technical strategies[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(17):185-195.
[10] SUN S L,LI F,DING J,et al.Railway vehicle impact simulation based on draft gear modified piecewise linear model[C]//23th International Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks (IAVSD),2013:19-23.
[11] AL-BENDER F,LAMPAERT V,SWEVERS J.The generalized maxwell-slip model:A novel model for friction simulation and compensation[J].IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,2005,50(11):1883-1887.
[12] PREUMONT A.Twelve lectures on structural dynamics Series:Solid mechanics and its applications[M].Berlin:Springer Netherlands,2013.
[13] 张亚辉,林家浩.结构动力学基础[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2007:206-225.
[14] CASTANIER M P,TAN Y C,PIERRE C.Characteristic constraint modes for component mode synthesis[J].AIAA Journal,2001,39(6):1182-1187.
[15] 朴明伟,丁彦闯,李繁,等.大型刚柔耦合车辆动力学系统仿真研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2008,14(5):875-881.PIAO Mingwei,DING Yanchuang,LI Fan,et al.Simulation study on large-scale rigid-flexible-coupling vehicle dynamical system[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2008,14(5):875-881.
[16] 朴明伟,方吉,赵钦旭,等.基于刚柔耦合仿真的集装箱车体振动疲劳分析[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(3):1-5.PIAO Mingwei,FANG Ji,ZHAO Qinxu,et al.Vibration fatigue analysis of a container flatcar based on rigid-flexible coupling simulation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(3):1-5.
[17] 朴明伟,李明星,赵强,等.高铁车辆横向振动耦合机制及其减振技术对策[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(3):83-92.PIAO Mingwei,LI Mingxing,ZHAO Qiang,et al.Lateral vibration coupling mechanism of high-speed rolling stocks and damping technical countermeasure[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(3):83-92.
[18] 朴明伟,杨晶,赵强,等.高铁车辆刚柔耦合仿真奇异性及其处理对策[J].计算机集成制造系统,2015,21(9):2459-2466.PIAO Mingwei,YANG Jing,ZHAO Qiang,et al.Rigid-flex coupling simulation singularity of HSRS and transaction strategy[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2015,21(9):2459-2466.