磁力泵冷却循环回路的设计及数值模拟
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摘要
为避免磁力泵温升过高导致永磁体退磁及隔离套损坏,该文对磁力泵冷却循环回路的设计方法进行了探讨,采用ANSYS-APDL软件计算出了隔离套的涡流发热,根据热平衡确定冷却循环流量并设计了冷却循环回路。基于SIMPLEC算法和标准k-ε湍流模型,通过求解三维N-S方程及能量方程,对冷却循环回路内部流场及温度场进行了数值分析。从数值模拟可以看出,冷却循环回路内部流动为圆周运动和直线运动合成的螺旋运动。对比内循环、外循环2种方式表明,内循环方式隔离套底部温升最高、压力较低;外循环方式温度场分布较均匀,最高温升小于10 K,满足设计要求。在冷却循环流量相同的情况下,轴孔孔径在设计尺寸一定范围内波动对外循环方式的冷却效果影响不大,轴孔分别为3、4、5 mm,其最高温升分别为9.2、9.3、9.4 K并且分布基本相同。通过分析不同转速下冷却循环回路的流场、温度场,发现当内磁转子不转动时,流场最高温度达到了386 K,而随着转速的增加最高温度逐步降低,表明增加泵的转速能够促进不同流体层间的热量交换,改善冷却循环回路的冷却效果。该研究可为磁力泵冷却循环回路的设计提供参考。
In order to avoid excessive temperature rise which leads to permanent magnet demagnetization and damage of containment shell, the design of cooling circuit of magnetic pumps was discussed. Theory analysis showed that the cooling circuit had a great influence on magnetic pumps' efficiency and reliability. Analysis and calculation showed that the main heat source of magnetic pumps was the eddy current heat of containment shell. ANSYS-APDL was adopted to calculate the eddy current heat, which simplified the distribution of the magnetic field to two-dimensional. The total heat was obtained through the eddy current heat multiplied by an amplification coefficient k. The cooling flow rate was calculated according to the heat balance and the cooling circuit was designed. The flow field model of the cooling circuit was established by Pro/e software, the structured grid was adopted to mesh the model and the near wall boundary layer was refined to ensure the grid quality. The SIMPLEC algorithm and the k-ε turbulence model were adopted to solve the N-S equations and energy equation by CFX code. The flow velocity, pressure and temperature distribution were obtained by CFX software post. As could be seen from the numerical simulation, the internal flow of the cooling circuit was spiral motion combining circular motion and linear motion. Through the comparison between internal and external cooling circulations with the same main geometric parameters, it showed that the temperature rise was the highest, and the pressure was low in the internal circulation located in the bottom of containment shell, which maybe caused cavitation. On the other hand, the temperature distribution was uniform and the pressure gradually reduced from shaft hole to external pipeline(the pressure of containment shell bottom was higher) in external cooling circulation, which met the design requirements. Based on the same cooling flow rate, the influence of the shaft bore diameter in external cooling circulation was analyzed. It showed that the spiral movement velocity of cooling circuit was mainly decided by the circular velocity, the axial velocity had a little effect on the system, and a certain level of fluctuations of shaft bore diameter designed had little influence on the cooling result when the cooling flow rate was fixed. Without considering the friction changes at different rotational speeds, the influence of rotational speed was also discussed in external cooling circulation. It showed that the rotational speed powerfully affected the heat transfer. The highest temperature reached 386 K when the internal magnetic rotor didn't rotate, which was far exceeding the safety range, but the highest temperature was basically stabilized at a reasonable range with the internal magnetic rotating. The wall heat transfer coefficient increased significantly with the increase of rotational speed. So the increase of pump's rotational speed can promote heat exchange between the different fluid layers and improve the cooling effect. The research is helpful for the design of cooling circuit in magnetic pumps.
In order to avoid excessive temperature rise which leads to permanent magnet demagnetization and damage of containment shell, the design of cooling circuit of magnetic pumps was discussed. Theory analysis showed that the cooling circuit had a great influence on magnetic pumps' efficiency and reliability. Analysis and calculation showed that the main heat source of magnetic pumps was the eddy current heat of containment shell. ANSYS-APDL was adopted to calculate the eddy current heat, which simplified the distribution of the magnetic field to two-dimensional. The total heat was obtained through the eddy current heat multiplied by an amplification coefficient k. The cooling flow rate was calculated according to the heat balance and the cooling circuit was designed. The flow field model of the cooling circuit was established by Pro/e software, the structured grid was adopted to mesh the model and the near wall boundary layer was refined to ensure the grid quality. The SIMPLEC algorithm and the k-ε turbulence model were adopted to solve the N-S equations and energy equation by CFX code. The flow velocity, pressure and temperature distribution were obtained by CFX software post. As could be seen from the numerical simulation, the internal flow of the cooling circuit was spiral motion combining circular motion and linear motion. Through the comparison between internal and external cooling circulations with the same main geometric parameters, it showed that the temperature rise was the highest, and the pressure was low in the internal circulation located in the bottom of containment shell, which maybe caused cavitation. On the other hand, the temperature distribution was uniform and the pressure gradually reduced from shaft hole to external pipeline(the pressure of containment shell bottom was higher) in external cooling circulation, which met the design requirements. Based on the same cooling flow rate, the influence of the shaft bore diameter in external cooling circulation was analyzed. It showed that the spiral movement velocity of cooling circuit was mainly decided by the circular velocity, the axial velocity had a little effect on the system, and a certain level of fluctuations of shaft bore diameter designed had little influence on the cooling result when the cooling flow rate was fixed. Without considering the friction changes at different rotational speeds, the influence of rotational speed was also discussed in external cooling circulation. It showed that the rotational speed powerfully affected the heat transfer. The highest temperature reached 386 K when the internal magnetic rotor didn't rotate, which was far exceeding the safety range, but the highest temperature was basically stabilized at a reasonable range with the internal magnetic rotating. The wall heat transfer coefficient increased significantly with the increase of rotational speed. So the increase of pump's rotational speed can promote heat exchange between the different fluid layers and improve the cooling effect. The research is helpful for the design of cooling circuit in magnetic pumps.
引文
[1]Keith T.What the future holds for magnetic drive pumps[J].World Pump,2007(12):28-29.
[2]吴仁荣,马群南,孙宝河.无泄漏泵在舰船中应用前景的探讨[J].舰船科学技术,2004,26(5):16-21.Wu Renrong,Ma Qunnan,Sun Baohe.Research on application forground of leakproof dynamic pumps in naval vessels[J].Ship Science and Technology,2004,26(5):16-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]陈存东,薛宽荣,屠可可.磁力传动泵的涡流问题[J].石油化工设备技术,2003,24(2):33-46.Chen Cundong,Xue Kuanrong,Tu Keke.Eddy current of magnetic drive pumps[J].Petro-Chemical Equipment Technology,2003,24(2):33-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]刘亚丕,唐任远.钕铁硼永磁高温下退磁特性的初步研究[J].磁性材料与器件,2006,27(4):34-39.
[5]李维斌,于学娟,吴雅丽,等.高效无泄漏环保型磁力泵研究探讨[J].工业安全与环境,2010,36(5):44-45.Li Weibin,Yu Xuejuan,Wu Yali,et al.Study on sealed environmental protection efficient magnetic pump[J].Industry Safety and Environmental Protection,2010,36(5):44-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]曹卫东,施卫东,孔繁余.磁力泵导轴承及平衡用用永磁环的研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(5):65-68.Cao Weidong,Shi Weidong,Kong Fanyu.Magnetic-force pump sliding bearing and permanent equilibrium magnet ring[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2005,21(5):65-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]邓礼平,薛宽荣.一种适用于新堆的零泄露循环泵[J].原子能科学技术,2009,43(增刊1):279-282.Deng Liping,Xue Kuangrong.Zero leakage circulation pump for new type reactor[J].Atomatic Energy Science and Technology,2009,43(Supp.1):279-282.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Liu Pinkuan,Wang Yulin,Wu Jun.Novel design and analysis of magnetic couplings used for vacuum robot[C]//2008 International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications,2008:24-35.
[9]郑福胜,谭庆昌,张清,等.盘式磁力驱动器隔离套的涡流损耗分析[J].工程与试验,2008(3):62-66.Zheng Fusheng,Tan Qingchang,Zhang Qing,et al.Study on eddy current in partition of discal magnetic drives[J].Engineering&Test,2008(3):62-66.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]孔繁余,陈刚,曹卫东,等.磁力泵磁性联轴器的磁场数值计算[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(11):213-218.Kong Fanyu,Chen Gang,Cao Weidong,et al.Numerical calculation of magnetic field in magnetic couplings of magnetic pump[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2006,42(11):213-218.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]许炎.双层防泄露磁力联轴器的开发研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2011.Xu Yan.On the Development of Double-layered Magnetic Coupling Capable of Anti-leakage[D].An Qi:East China University of Science and Technology,2011.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]关红艳,杨逢瑜,王其磊.磁力泵运转状态监控系统的研究[J].流体机械,2010,38(7):42-44.Guan Hongyan,Yang Fengyu,Wang Qilei.Study on the monitoring system of operative condition of magnetic drive pump[J].Fluid Machinery,2010,38(7):42-44.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]曾培,肖开华,袁铁军,等.磁力泵滑动轴承磨损检测系统的设计[J].排灌机械,2006,24(5):36-39.Zeng Pei,Xiao Kaihua,Yuan Tiejun,et al.Design of wear monitoring system for sliding bearing of magnetic drive pump[J].Drainage and Irrigation Machinery,2006,24(5):36-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张宏刚.永磁磁力耦合器损耗的计算与分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.Zhang Honggang.Calculation and Analysis of Permanent Magnetic Coupling Losses[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2007.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]童小育,黄晓鹏,等.磁力泵内循环量与循环孔径优化设计[J].甘肃科学学报,2008,20(4):101-103.Tong Xiaoyu,Huang Xiaopeng,et al.Optimal design of cycle capacity and bore diameter in magnetic drive pump[J].Journal of Gansu Sciences,2008,20(4):101-103.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]孔繁余,刘建瑞,施卫东,等.高速磁力泵轴向力平衡计算[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(7):69-72.Kong Fanyu,Liu Jianrui,Shi Weidong,et al.Calculation of axial force balance for high-speed magnetic drive pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2005,21(7):69-72.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]刘建瑞,王鸿睿.磁力泵冷却系统的数值模拟[J].排灌机械,2008,26(4):26-29.Liu Jianrui,Wang Hongrui.Numerical simulation on cooling fluids channel of magnetic pump[J].Drainage and Irrigation Machinery,2008,26(4):26-29.(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
[18]梅娜,陈亚平,施明恒.螺旋折流片换热器壳侧传热与流动的数值模拟[J].工程热物理学报,2005,26(2):310-312.Mei Na,Chen Yaping,Shi Mingheng.Numerical simulationof transfer and flow resistance at shell-side of coil-strip-balance heat exchanger[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2005,26(2):310-312.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]辛露,吴春华.径向磁力轴承温度场分析与计算[J].机械制造,2011,49(562):18-21.Xin Lu,Wu Chunhua.Analysis and calculation of the temperature field of radial magnetic bearing[J].Machinery Manufacturing,2011,49(562):18-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Raji A,Hasnaoui M,Naimi M.Effect of the subdivision of an obstacle on the natural convention heat transfer in a square cavity[J].Computer&Fluid,2012(68):1-15.
[21]张斌.基于ANSYS的径向磁力轴承涡流损耗研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.Zhang Bin.Resarch on Eddy Current Losses in Radial Magnetic Bearing Based on ANSYS[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]杨超君,马宏亮,蒋生发.电磁感应式磁力联轴器中隔离套的涡流分析与计算[J].机械设计与研究,2005,21(5):63-65.Yang Chaojun,Ma Hongliang,Jiang Shengfa.Analysis and design of insulation shell in a new induction shaft coupling[J].Machine Design and Research,2005,21(5):63-65.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]李金蔚.磁力驱动离心泵能量损失分析[J].流体机械,2009,37(12):39-42.Li Jinwei.Energy loss analysis on magnetic driving centrifugal pump[J].Fluid Machinery,2009,37(12):39-42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]赵克中.磁力驱动技术与设备[M].北京:化工工业出版社,2003.
[25]陈存东,魏其顺,徐大为.磁力泵涡流损失比率的探讨[J].水泵技术,2000(5):27-29.
[26]林为干,符果行,邬琳若,等.电磁场理论[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1996.
[27]孔繁余,张勇,邵飞,等.高速磁力泵隔离套的涡流损失[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):61-65.Kong Fanyu,Zhang Yong,Shao Fei,et al.Eddy current loss of containment shell of high-speed magnetic driving pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(1):61-65.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]蒋万明.对称布置型多级屏蔽泵的研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2013.Jiang Wanming.Research on Symmetrical Arrangement Multistage Canned Motor Pump[D].Zhenjiang:Jiang Su University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]吴仁荣,马群南,孙宝河.无泄漏泵在舰船中应用前景的探讨[J].舰船科学技术,2004,26(5):16-21.Wu Renrong,Ma Qunnan,Sun Baohe.Research on application forground of leakproof dynamic pumps in naval vessels[J].Ship Science and Technology,2004,26(5):16-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]陈存东,薛宽荣,屠可可.磁力传动泵的涡流问题[J].石油化工设备技术,2003,24(2):33-46.Chen Cundong,Xue Kuanrong,Tu Keke.Eddy current of magnetic drive pumps[J].Petro-Chemical Equipment Technology,2003,24(2):33-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]刘亚丕,唐任远.钕铁硼永磁高温下退磁特性的初步研究[J].磁性材料与器件,2006,27(4):34-39.
[5]李维斌,于学娟,吴雅丽,等.高效无泄漏环保型磁力泵研究探讨[J].工业安全与环境,2010,36(5):44-45.Li Weibin,Yu Xuejuan,Wu Yali,et al.Study on sealed environmental protection efficient magnetic pump[J].Industry Safety and Environmental Protection,2010,36(5):44-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]曹卫东,施卫东,孔繁余.磁力泵导轴承及平衡用用永磁环的研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(5):65-68.Cao Weidong,Shi Weidong,Kong Fanyu.Magnetic-force pump sliding bearing and permanent equilibrium magnet ring[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2005,21(5):65-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]邓礼平,薛宽荣.一种适用于新堆的零泄露循环泵[J].原子能科学技术,2009,43(增刊1):279-282.Deng Liping,Xue Kuangrong.Zero leakage circulation pump for new type reactor[J].Atomatic Energy Science and Technology,2009,43(Supp.1):279-282.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Liu Pinkuan,Wang Yulin,Wu Jun.Novel design and analysis of magnetic couplings used for vacuum robot[C]//2008 International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications,2008:24-35.
[9]郑福胜,谭庆昌,张清,等.盘式磁力驱动器隔离套的涡流损耗分析[J].工程与试验,2008(3):62-66.Zheng Fusheng,Tan Qingchang,Zhang Qing,et al.Study on eddy current in partition of discal magnetic drives[J].Engineering&Test,2008(3):62-66.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]孔繁余,陈刚,曹卫东,等.磁力泵磁性联轴器的磁场数值计算[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(11):213-218.Kong Fanyu,Chen Gang,Cao Weidong,et al.Numerical calculation of magnetic field in magnetic couplings of magnetic pump[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2006,42(11):213-218.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]许炎.双层防泄露磁力联轴器的开发研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2011.Xu Yan.On the Development of Double-layered Magnetic Coupling Capable of Anti-leakage[D].An Qi:East China University of Science and Technology,2011.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]关红艳,杨逢瑜,王其磊.磁力泵运转状态监控系统的研究[J].流体机械,2010,38(7):42-44.Guan Hongyan,Yang Fengyu,Wang Qilei.Study on the monitoring system of operative condition of magnetic drive pump[J].Fluid Machinery,2010,38(7):42-44.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]曾培,肖开华,袁铁军,等.磁力泵滑动轴承磨损检测系统的设计[J].排灌机械,2006,24(5):36-39.Zeng Pei,Xiao Kaihua,Yuan Tiejun,et al.Design of wear monitoring system for sliding bearing of magnetic drive pump[J].Drainage and Irrigation Machinery,2006,24(5):36-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张宏刚.永磁磁力耦合器损耗的计算与分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.Zhang Honggang.Calculation and Analysis of Permanent Magnetic Coupling Losses[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2007.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]童小育,黄晓鹏,等.磁力泵内循环量与循环孔径优化设计[J].甘肃科学学报,2008,20(4):101-103.Tong Xiaoyu,Huang Xiaopeng,et al.Optimal design of cycle capacity and bore diameter in magnetic drive pump[J].Journal of Gansu Sciences,2008,20(4):101-103.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]孔繁余,刘建瑞,施卫东,等.高速磁力泵轴向力平衡计算[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(7):69-72.Kong Fanyu,Liu Jianrui,Shi Weidong,et al.Calculation of axial force balance for high-speed magnetic drive pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2005,21(7):69-72.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]刘建瑞,王鸿睿.磁力泵冷却系统的数值模拟[J].排灌机械,2008,26(4):26-29.Liu Jianrui,Wang Hongrui.Numerical simulation on cooling fluids channel of magnetic pump[J].Drainage and Irrigation Machinery,2008,26(4):26-29.(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
[18]梅娜,陈亚平,施明恒.螺旋折流片换热器壳侧传热与流动的数值模拟[J].工程热物理学报,2005,26(2):310-312.Mei Na,Chen Yaping,Shi Mingheng.Numerical simulationof transfer and flow resistance at shell-side of coil-strip-balance heat exchanger[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2005,26(2):310-312.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]辛露,吴春华.径向磁力轴承温度场分析与计算[J].机械制造,2011,49(562):18-21.Xin Lu,Wu Chunhua.Analysis and calculation of the temperature field of radial magnetic bearing[J].Machinery Manufacturing,2011,49(562):18-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Raji A,Hasnaoui M,Naimi M.Effect of the subdivision of an obstacle on the natural convention heat transfer in a square cavity[J].Computer&Fluid,2012(68):1-15.
[21]张斌.基于ANSYS的径向磁力轴承涡流损耗研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.Zhang Bin.Resarch on Eddy Current Losses in Radial Magnetic Bearing Based on ANSYS[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]杨超君,马宏亮,蒋生发.电磁感应式磁力联轴器中隔离套的涡流分析与计算[J].机械设计与研究,2005,21(5):63-65.Yang Chaojun,Ma Hongliang,Jiang Shengfa.Analysis and design of insulation shell in a new induction shaft coupling[J].Machine Design and Research,2005,21(5):63-65.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]李金蔚.磁力驱动离心泵能量损失分析[J].流体机械,2009,37(12):39-42.Li Jinwei.Energy loss analysis on magnetic driving centrifugal pump[J].Fluid Machinery,2009,37(12):39-42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]赵克中.磁力驱动技术与设备[M].北京:化工工业出版社,2003.
[25]陈存东,魏其顺,徐大为.磁力泵涡流损失比率的探讨[J].水泵技术,2000(5):27-29.
[26]林为干,符果行,邬琳若,等.电磁场理论[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1996.
[27]孔繁余,张勇,邵飞,等.高速磁力泵隔离套的涡流损失[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):61-65.Kong Fanyu,Zhang Yong,Shao Fei,et al.Eddy current loss of containment shell of high-speed magnetic driving pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(1):61-65.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]蒋万明.对称布置型多级屏蔽泵的研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2013.Jiang Wanming.Research on Symmetrical Arrangement Multistage Canned Motor Pump[D].Zhenjiang:Jiang Su University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)