模袋浮板对管道冲刷的防护效果分析
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摘要
为验证将新型冲刷防护装置"模袋浮板"运用于管道冲刷的防护效果,建立了主流-渗流耦合模型,模拟单向流作用下管道附近的主流场和渗流场,验证了模袋浮板装置的有效性,研究了模袋浮板装置各设计参数对防护效果的影响。模拟结果显示,安装在管道上游的模袋浮板能显著降低管道附近的水流流速,降低土体中的渗流水头梯度,使管道受到有效保护。土体中的渗流水头梯度随浮板倾角的增大而减小,随悬空高度比的增大而增大,随浮板高度的增大而减小。渗流水头梯度与模袋浮板的有效高度呈非线性负相关关系,当有效高度超过临界值时,管道下方出现与主流方向相反的渗流。
Geotextile mattress with sloping plate( GMSP),a new countermeasure for scouring control,was introduced for scouring protection below underwater pipeline. A flow-seepage coupling model was established for the simulation of flow field and seepage field adjacent to the pipeline in a steady current. The protection effect of GMSP on a pipeline was validated. The influence of GMSP design parameters on the protection effect was also investigated. The results showed that GMSP is capable of decreasing the flow velocity near the pipeline and the seepage gradient below it,thus protecting the pipeline from the scouring. The seepage gradient reduces as the sloping angle of the plate and the plate height increase,and increases as the sand-pass opening increases. The result indicated a negative non-linear correlation between the seepage gradient and the effective plate height. When the effective plate height is over a critical value,the seepage flow under the pipeline reverses,i.e. in the opposite direction of the mainstream.
Geotextile mattress with sloping plate( GMSP),a new countermeasure for scouring control,was introduced for scouring protection below underwater pipeline. A flow-seepage coupling model was established for the simulation of flow field and seepage field adjacent to the pipeline in a steady current. The protection effect of GMSP on a pipeline was validated. The influence of GMSP design parameters on the protection effect was also investigated. The results showed that GMSP is capable of decreasing the flow velocity near the pipeline and the seepage gradient below it,thus protecting the pipeline from the scouring. The seepage gradient reduces as the sloping angle of the plate and the plate height increase,and increases as the sand-pass opening increases. The result indicated a negative non-linear correlation between the seepage gradient and the effective plate height. When the effective plate height is over a critical value,the seepage flow under the pipeline reverses,i.e. in the opposite direction of the mainstream.
引文
[1]唐万金,王吉祥,杨鸣.某穿越长江输油管道工程中河床冲刷深度计算[J].人民长江,2013,44(6):59-61.
[2] Chiew Y. Mechanics of local scour around submarine pipelines[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,116(4):515-529.
[3]梁越,曾超,储昊,等.散粒土渗透破坏判别方法试验研究[J].人民长江,2015,46(18):75-79.
[4] Sumer B M,Truelsen C,Sichmann T,et al.Onset of scour below pipelines and self-burial[J]. Coastal Engineering,2001,42(4):313-335.
[5] Zang Z,Cheng L,Zhao M,et al.A numerical model for onset of scour below offshore pipelines[J]. Coastal engineering,2009(56):458-466.
[6] Gao F,Luo C.Flow-pipe-seepage coupling analysis of spanning initiation of a partially-embedded pipeline[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics,2010,22(4):478-487.
[7] Chiew Y.Prediction of maximum scour depth at submarine pipelines[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1991,117(4):452-466.
[8] Postacchini M,Brocchini M. Scour depth under pipelines placed on weakly cohesive soils[J]. Applied Ocean Research,2015(52):73-79.
[9] Fredse J,Sumer B,Arnskov M.Time scale for wave/current scour below pipelines[J].International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering,1992,2(1):13–17.
[10] Dogan M,Arisoy Y.Scour regime effects on the time scale of wave scour below submerged pipes[J]. Ocean Engineering,2015(104):673-679.
[11] Zhang Q,Draper S,Cheng L,et al.Time Scale of Local Scour around Pipelines in Current,Waves,and Combined Waves and Current[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,04016093.
[12] Wu Y,Chiew Y. Three-dimensional scour at submarine pipelines[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,138(9):788-795.
[13] Cheng L,Yeow K,Zang Z,et al. 3D scour below pipelines under waves and combined waves and currents[J]. Coastal Engineering,2014(83):137-149.
[14]缪士彬.桥墩冲刷对岸坡稳定的影响及防护工程设计[J].人民长江,2015,46(16):31-33.
[15]张宗峰,丁红岩,刘锦昆.混凝土联锁排应用于海底管线冲刷防护试验研究[J].海洋工程,2015,33(2):77-83.
[16] Crowhurst A D.Marine pipeline protection with flexible mattress[J].Coastal Engineering,1982,2403-2417.
[17]赵冬岩,余建星,李广雪,等.海底管线防冲刷技术试验研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2009,30(6):597-601.
[18]蒋习民,陈同彦.仿生水草治理海底管道悬空情况探查及改进措施[J].石油工程建设,2013,39(5):15-18.
[19] Zhang Z,Shi B,Guo Y,et al. Numerical investigation on critical length of impermeable plate below underwater pipeline under steady current[J]. Science China:Technological Sciences,2013(56):1232-1240.
[20] Yang L,Shi B,Guo Y,et al. Calculation and experiment on scour depth for submarine pipeline with a spoiler[J]. Ocean Engineering,2012(55):191-198.
[21] Zhu H,Qi X,Lin P,et al.Numerical simulation of flow around a submarine pipe with a spoiler and current-induced scour beneath the pipe[J].Applied Ocean Research,2013,41(3):87-100.
[22] Yang L,Guo Y,Shi B,et al.Study of scour around submarine pipeline with a rubber plate or rigid spoiler in wave conditions[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,2012,138(6):484-490.
[23]谢立全,于玉贞,单宏伟.一种模袋排帘及其江河崩岸防治方法:中国,200510136307.5[P].2007-11-07.
[24]谢立全,朱晔慧.一种用于沉排促淤加固的浮板装置:中国,201510535276.4[P].2017-08-25.
[25]倪晋仁,王光谦.论悬移质浓度垂线分布的两种类型及其产生的原因[J].水利学报,1987(7):60-68.
[26] Xie L,Huang W,Yu Y.Experimental study of sediment trapping by geotextile mattress installed with sloping curtain[J]. Geosynthetics International,2013,20(6):389-395.
[27] Xie L,Xu Y,Huang W.Numerical study on hydrodynamic mechanism of sediment trapping by geotextile mattress with sloping curtain(GMSC)[C]∥Proceedings of the Eleventh ISOPE Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium,2014,International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers:160-165.
[28] Xie L,Zhu Y,Huang W,et al.Experimental investigations of dynamic wave force on seabed around a geotextile mattress with floating curtain[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2015,73(sp1):35-39.
[29] Fluent Inc.FLUENT 6.3 User's Guide[M].Fluent Inc.,2006.
[30] Menter F R.Two-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications[J]. AIAA Journal,1994,32(8):1598-1605.
[31] Bearman P,Zdravkovich M.Flow around a circular cylinder near a plane boundary[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1978,89(1):33-47.
[32] Liang D,Cheng L. Numerical modeling of flow and scour below a pipeline in currents:Part I. Flow simulation[J]. Coastal Engineering,2005,52(1):25-42.
[33] Dey S,Singh N P.Clear-water scour below underwater pipelines under steady flow[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,134(5):588-600.
[34] Li Y,Yu G.Experimental investigation on flow characteristics at leeside of suspended flexible curtain for sedimentation enhancement[J].China Ocean Engineering,2009,23(3):565-576.
[2] Chiew Y. Mechanics of local scour around submarine pipelines[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,116(4):515-529.
[3]梁越,曾超,储昊,等.散粒土渗透破坏判别方法试验研究[J].人民长江,2015,46(18):75-79.
[4] Sumer B M,Truelsen C,Sichmann T,et al.Onset of scour below pipelines and self-burial[J]. Coastal Engineering,2001,42(4):313-335.
[5] Zang Z,Cheng L,Zhao M,et al.A numerical model for onset of scour below offshore pipelines[J]. Coastal engineering,2009(56):458-466.
[6] Gao F,Luo C.Flow-pipe-seepage coupling analysis of spanning initiation of a partially-embedded pipeline[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics,2010,22(4):478-487.
[7] Chiew Y.Prediction of maximum scour depth at submarine pipelines[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1991,117(4):452-466.
[8] Postacchini M,Brocchini M. Scour depth under pipelines placed on weakly cohesive soils[J]. Applied Ocean Research,2015(52):73-79.
[9] Fredse J,Sumer B,Arnskov M.Time scale for wave/current scour below pipelines[J].International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering,1992,2(1):13–17.
[10] Dogan M,Arisoy Y.Scour regime effects on the time scale of wave scour below submerged pipes[J]. Ocean Engineering,2015(104):673-679.
[11] Zhang Q,Draper S,Cheng L,et al.Time Scale of Local Scour around Pipelines in Current,Waves,and Combined Waves and Current[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,04016093.
[12] Wu Y,Chiew Y. Three-dimensional scour at submarine pipelines[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,138(9):788-795.
[13] Cheng L,Yeow K,Zang Z,et al. 3D scour below pipelines under waves and combined waves and currents[J]. Coastal Engineering,2014(83):137-149.
[14]缪士彬.桥墩冲刷对岸坡稳定的影响及防护工程设计[J].人民长江,2015,46(16):31-33.
[15]张宗峰,丁红岩,刘锦昆.混凝土联锁排应用于海底管线冲刷防护试验研究[J].海洋工程,2015,33(2):77-83.
[16] Crowhurst A D.Marine pipeline protection with flexible mattress[J].Coastal Engineering,1982,2403-2417.
[17]赵冬岩,余建星,李广雪,等.海底管线防冲刷技术试验研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2009,30(6):597-601.
[18]蒋习民,陈同彦.仿生水草治理海底管道悬空情况探查及改进措施[J].石油工程建设,2013,39(5):15-18.
[19] Zhang Z,Shi B,Guo Y,et al. Numerical investigation on critical length of impermeable plate below underwater pipeline under steady current[J]. Science China:Technological Sciences,2013(56):1232-1240.
[20] Yang L,Shi B,Guo Y,et al. Calculation and experiment on scour depth for submarine pipeline with a spoiler[J]. Ocean Engineering,2012(55):191-198.
[21] Zhu H,Qi X,Lin P,et al.Numerical simulation of flow around a submarine pipe with a spoiler and current-induced scour beneath the pipe[J].Applied Ocean Research,2013,41(3):87-100.
[22] Yang L,Guo Y,Shi B,et al.Study of scour around submarine pipeline with a rubber plate or rigid spoiler in wave conditions[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,2012,138(6):484-490.
[23]谢立全,于玉贞,单宏伟.一种模袋排帘及其江河崩岸防治方法:中国,200510136307.5[P].2007-11-07.
[24]谢立全,朱晔慧.一种用于沉排促淤加固的浮板装置:中国,201510535276.4[P].2017-08-25.
[25]倪晋仁,王光谦.论悬移质浓度垂线分布的两种类型及其产生的原因[J].水利学报,1987(7):60-68.
[26] Xie L,Huang W,Yu Y.Experimental study of sediment trapping by geotextile mattress installed with sloping curtain[J]. Geosynthetics International,2013,20(6):389-395.
[27] Xie L,Xu Y,Huang W.Numerical study on hydrodynamic mechanism of sediment trapping by geotextile mattress with sloping curtain(GMSC)[C]∥Proceedings of the Eleventh ISOPE Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium,2014,International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers:160-165.
[28] Xie L,Zhu Y,Huang W,et al.Experimental investigations of dynamic wave force on seabed around a geotextile mattress with floating curtain[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2015,73(sp1):35-39.
[29] Fluent Inc.FLUENT 6.3 User's Guide[M].Fluent Inc.,2006.
[30] Menter F R.Two-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications[J]. AIAA Journal,1994,32(8):1598-1605.
[31] Bearman P,Zdravkovich M.Flow around a circular cylinder near a plane boundary[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1978,89(1):33-47.
[32] Liang D,Cheng L. Numerical modeling of flow and scour below a pipeline in currents:Part I. Flow simulation[J]. Coastal Engineering,2005,52(1):25-42.
[33] Dey S,Singh N P.Clear-water scour below underwater pipelines under steady flow[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,134(5):588-600.
[34] Li Y,Yu G.Experimental investigation on flow characteristics at leeside of suspended flexible curtain for sedimentation enhancement[J].China Ocean Engineering,2009,23(3):565-576.