新疆卡山自然保护区春季鸟类多样性调查及分析
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摘要
卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区位于新疆北部准噶尔盆地东部,是以荒漠有蹄类野生动物为主要保护对象的野生动物类型自然保护区。2018年4～5月,首次较为系统地对卡山自然保护区春季鸟类的种类、分布、生境等进行了调查。共观察到鸟类9目21科59种,其中国家重点保护鸟类17种。调查结果显示,春季鸟类中,共有留鸟19种、夏候鸟28种、冬候鸟6种、旅鸟6种;繁殖鸟(包括夏候鸟和留鸟)47种,占总数的79.66%;鸟类区系以古北界鸟类为主,占繁殖鸟种数的78.72%。工业发展、人为活动干扰、保护措施等对卡山自然保护区鸟类有不同的影响,需要采取相对应的保育措施。
Mountain Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve is located in the eastern part of the Junggar Basin in northern Xinjiang, which is established as a wildlife reserve to protect mainly desert ungulates. From April to May 2018, the species diversity, distribution and habitat of spring birds in this reserve were systematically investigated for the first time. Result shows that 59 species belonging to 21 families under 9 classes were recorded, among which 17 species are listed as national key protected birds. Within all these spring birds, 19 species are residents, 28 summer migrants, 6 winter migrants and 6 passing migrants. A total of 47 breeding birds(including summer and resident birds) accounts for 79.66% of all species. Palaeoarctic avifauna plays as the majority role in the reserve during spring season, making up 78.72% of the breeding birds. Industrial development, human activity interference, and protection measures have different effects on birds in the Mountain Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, and corresponding conservation measures are needed.
Mountain Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve is located in the eastern part of the Junggar Basin in northern Xinjiang, which is established as a wildlife reserve to protect mainly desert ungulates. From April to May 2018, the species diversity, distribution and habitat of spring birds in this reserve were systematically investigated for the first time. Result shows that 59 species belonging to 21 families under 9 classes were recorded, among which 17 species are listed as national key protected birds. Within all these spring birds, 19 species are residents, 28 summer migrants, 6 winter migrants and 6 passing migrants. A total of 47 breeding birds(including summer and resident birds) accounts for 79.66% of all species. Palaeoarctic avifauna plays as the majority role in the reserve during spring season, making up 78.72% of the breeding birds. Industrial development, human activity interference, and protection measures have different effects on birds in the Mountain Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, and corresponding conservation measures are needed.
引文
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[33] 彭向前.生态旅游与卡拉麦里山自然保护区[J].新疆林业,2001(3):39-39.
[34] 张彦豹,张彦刚.卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区现状评价[J].新疆林业,2008(5):42-42.
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[2] Burger J,Gochfeld M.Metals and radionuclides in birds and eggs from Amchitka and Kiska Islands in the Bering Sea/Pacific Ocean ecosystem[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,2007,127(1-3):105-117.
[3] Neave H M,Norton T W,Nix H A.Biological inventory for conservation evaluation II.Composition,functional relationships and spatial prediction of bird assemblages in southern Australia[J].Forest Ecology & Management,1996,85(1-3):123-148.
[4] Oja T,Alamets K,P?rnamets H.Modelling bird habitat suitability based on landscape parameters at different scales[J].Ecological Indicators,2005,5(4):314-321.
[5] 徐峰,杨维康,徐文轩,等.新疆准噶尔盆地东南缘荒漠环境的鸟类[J].四川动物,2012,31(6):980-982.
[6] 董潭成,初红军,吴洪潘,等.卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鸟兽的红外相机监测[J].生物多样性,2014,22(6):804-807.
[7] 吴洪潘.新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区野生动物的红外相机监测[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.
[8] 吴逸群,马鸣,徐峰,等.新疆准噶尔盆地猎隼(Falco cherrug)繁殖期食性及其对鼠类的防控[J].新疆农业大学学报,2006,29(2):17-20.
[9] 刘玉燕,刘浩峰,刘敏.新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区生物多样性保护研究[J].干旱环境监测,2005,19(3):5-9.
[10] 初红军,蒋志刚,葛炎,等.卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚种群密度和数量[J].生物多样性,2009,17(4):414-422.
[11] 初红军,蒋志刚,戚英杰,等.阿尔泰山南部科克森山和卡拉麦里山盘羊冬季卧息地的选择[J].兽类学报,2009,29(2):125-132.
[12] 董潭成,初红军,陈勇,等.新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚遗传多样性及系统发育地位[J].兽类学报,2016,36(1):77-86.
[13] 王红霞,杨贵生,徐英,等.内蒙古包头南海子湿地鸟类群落组成及多样性[J].动物学杂志,2009,44(2):71-77.
[14] 龚大洁,田果,闫礼,等.荒漠地区鸟类群落结构及多样性分析-以金塔县为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(10):190-194.
[15] 孙立新,龚大洁,孙呈祥,等.六盘山自然保护区鸟类群落时空变化[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(2):329-335.
[16] 牟迈,龚大洁,孙坤,等.敦煌阳关自然保护区鸟类多样性调查及分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(8):111-115.
[17] 陈章,龚大洁,瞿丹,等.连城国家级自然保护区夏季鸟类多样性调查及分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(5):168-172.
[18] 黄亚东,张先锋,胡鸿兴,等.新疆伊犁河湿地及周边夏季鸟类调查初报[J].四川动物,2009,28(1):133-139.
[19] 马敬能,菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[20] 钱燕文.中国鸟类图鉴[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1995.
[21] 郑作新.中国鸟类系统检索[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[22] 张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[23] 汪松.中国濒危动物红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[24] 葛炎,刘楚光,初红军,等.新疆卡拉麦里山自然保护区蒙古野驴的资源现状[J].干旱区研究,2003,20(1):32-34.
[25] 岳建兵,胡德夫,彭向前,等.卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴的数量与分布[J].林业资源管理,2008(5):111-115.
[26] Wilson W H J.Relationship between prey abundance and foraging site selection by Semipalmated Sandpipers on a Bay of Fundy mudflat[J].Journal of Field Ornithology,1990,61:9-19.
[27] Shepherd P C F,Boates J S.Effects of a commercial baitworm harvest on semipalmated sandpipers and their prey in the Bay of Fundy Hemispheric Shorebird Reserve[J].Conservation Biology,2010,13(2):347-356.
[28] 李永民,聂传朋,王魏根,等.安徽颍州西湖省级湿地自然保护区鸟类多样性[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(5):1195-1201.
[29] Farmer A H,Parent A H.Effects of the landscape on shorebird movements at spring migration stopovers[J].Condor,1997,99(3):698-707.
[30] Hedenstrom A,Alerstam T.Optimum fuel loads in migratory birds:distinguishing between time and energy minimization[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,1997,189(3):227-234.
[31] Schaub M,Jenni L.Fuel deposition of three passerine bird species along the migration route[J].Oecologia (Berlin),2000,122(3):306-317.
[32] 张永军,张峰,曹青,等.卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区水源现状及水质分析-以普氏野马放归区为例[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):665-671.
[33] 彭向前.生态旅游与卡拉麦里山自然保护区[J].新疆林业,2001(3):39-39.
[34] 张彦豹,张彦刚.卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区现状评价[J].新疆林业,2008(5):42-42.
[35] 王虎贤,任璇.卡拉麦里自然保护区野生动物适宜性生境变化[J].新疆环境保护,2015,37(1):18-23.
[36] 李景侠,赵建民,陈海滨.中国生物多样性面临的威胁及保护对策[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2003,31(5):162-166.
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