双侧输出式秸秆粉碎还田机设计
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摘要
针对新疆地区棉花秸秆粉碎还田后,回收的地膜含杂率高等问题,设计双侧输出式秸秆粉碎还田机。采用理论计算、三维设计和田间试验相结合的方法,对其结构特点、工作原理和作业性能进行研究。结果表明:采用Y型双线双螺旋配置的秸秆粉碎装置可对棉花秸秆进行有效粉碎,作业速度6.8km/h时,棉杆平均粉碎长度为123.8mm,粉碎长度合格率为88.7%,平均留茬高度73.2mm,留茬高度变异系数为9.5%;秸秆输送装置可及时有效的将粉碎后的棉花秸秆输送至地膜两侧"垄沟"内,秸秆双侧输出量变异系数为11.2%,满足农艺要求。
In view ofthe problems,such as it is difficult to recycle mulching film and trash content in mulching film is high,the bilateral output type straw chopper was designed,which contributed to recycle cotton-field mulch in Xinjiang area.The theoretical calculations,three-dimensional design and field test were used to research the machine's working principle,structure and working performance.When the straw chopper's operating speed is 6.8 km/h,the straw chopping length is 123.8 mm,the straw chopping length qualification rate is 88.7% and stubble height is 73.2 mm,the coefficient of variation of stubble height is 9.5%;The straw chopper can push the crushed cotton-stalks into the ditch in the course of work,and cotton stalks output variation coefficient is 11.2%.Andit can be meeting agronomic requirements better.
In view ofthe problems,such as it is difficult to recycle mulching film and trash content in mulching film is high,the bilateral output type straw chopper was designed,which contributed to recycle cotton-field mulch in Xinjiang area.The theoretical calculations,three-dimensional design and field test were used to research the machine's working principle,structure and working performance.When the straw chopper's operating speed is 6.8 km/h,the straw chopping length is 123.8 mm,the straw chopping length qualification rate is 88.7% and stubble height is 73.2 mm,the coefficient of variation of stubble height is 9.5%;The straw chopper can push the crushed cotton-stalks into the ditch in the course of work,and cotton stalks output variation coefficient is 11.2%.Andit can be meeting agronomic requirements better.
引文
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[2]李浩,沈卫强,班婷.我国秸秆利用技术及秸秆粉碎设备的研究进展[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(1):17-21.Li Hao,Shen Weiqiang,Ban Ting.Research progress of the use of technology and crushing equipment on straw in China[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(1):17-21.
[3]申源源,陈宏.秸秆还田对土壤改良的研究进展[J].中国农业通报,2009,25(19):291-294.Shen Yuanyuan,Chen Hong.The progress of study on soil improvement research with straw stalk[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(19):291-294.
[4]刘伟,李赫,张晓刚,等.秸秆还田机适用性差异分析研究[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(3):42-44,48.Liu Wei,Li He,Zhang Xiaogang,et al.Analysis research of straw counters-field machine in area suitability differences[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013,34(3):42-44,48.
[5]董合干,刘彤,李勇冠,等.新疆棉田地膜残留对棉花产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(8):91-99.Dong Hegan,Liu Tong,Li Yongguan,et al.Effects of plastic film residue on cotton yield and soil physical and chemical properties in Xinjiang[J].Transactions of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(8):91-99.
[6]李亚萍,蒙贺伟,贾健,等.秸秆粉碎回收机的研制[J].中国农机化学报,2015,36(3):70-73.Li Yaping,Meng Hewei,Jia Jian,et al.Development of stalk crushing and recycling machine[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2015,36(3):70-73.
[7]喻晨,张丽,赵志艳,等.新型秸秆揉丝粉碎机的结构设计与优化[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(7):93-95.Yu Chen,Zhang Li,Zhao Zhiyan,et al.Structural design and optimization of cotton straw rubbing filament crusher[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(7):93-95.
[8]王吉奎,付威,王卫兵,等.SMS-1500型秸秆粉碎与残膜回收机的设计[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):168-172.Wang Jikui,Fu Wei,Wang Weibing,et al.Design of SMS-1500type straw chopping and plastic film residue collecting machine[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(7):168-172.
[9]何义川,王序俭,王吉亮,等.棉花秋后残膜回收与茎秆粉碎联合作业机设计[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(8):199-204.He Yichuan,Wang Xujian,Wang Jiliang,et al.Research and design of cotton plastic film collector&field straw chopper combined machine after autumn[J].Acta Agriculture Borealioccidentalis Sinica,2013,22(8):199-204.
[10]王学农,冯斌,陈发,等.4JSM-1800棉秸秆还田及残膜回收联合作业机研制[J].新疆农机化,2013(4):53-54.Wang Xuenong,Feng Bin,Chen Fa,et al.Research and design of 4JSM-1800type straw chopper&plastic film collector combined machine[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,2013(4):53-54.
[11]张佳喜,陈发,王学农,等.一种新型可自动卸膜滚刀式秸秆粉碎残膜回收联合作业机的研制[J].中国农机化,2012(1):122-125.Zhang Jiaxi,Chen Fa,Wang Xuenong,et al.Study on a new type of hob plastic film residue recovery machine with self-motion unloading plastic film[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2012(1):122-125.
[12]候书林,胡三媛,孔建铭,等.国内残膜回收机研究的现状[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(3):186-190.Hou Shulin,Hu Sanyuan,Kong Jianming,et al.Present situation of research on plastic film residue collection China[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(3):186-190.
[13]丁双双,王吉奎,李天文,等.棉秸秆粉碎装置的动力学仿真分析[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(2):119-122.Ding Shuangshuang,Wang Jikui,Li Tianwen,et al.Dynamic analysis of cotton-stalk straw crushing device[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(2):119-122.
[14]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册(上册)[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[15]机械工程师编委会.机械工程师手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.