不同耕作方式对半夏产量和品质及根际土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
【目的】探明半夏连作障碍的机理,为克服半夏连作障碍提高其产量及品质提供科学依据.【方法】以半夏为研究对象,采用大田对比试验法,研究轮作及连作对半夏产量、品质及根际土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性的影响.【结果】连作使半夏根际土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性下降,而多酚氧化酶活性显著增加,在半夏生长后期,连作较轮作半夏根际土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性分别降低6.21%、18.80%和21.49%,多酚氧化酶活性连作较轮作高62.96%.轮作和连作半夏根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性随半夏的生长均逐渐升高,脲酶和磷酸酶活性先增加后降低,多酚氧化酶活性先降低后增加.连作半夏块茎直径、百粒质量、产量和浸出物含量均显著低于轮作,分别较轮作下降25.00%、32.82%、87.77%和20.75%.【结论】连作半夏根际土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性降低,而多酚氧化酶活性显著升高;连作显著降低了半夏产量和浸出物含量.
【Objective】 In order to find out the mechanism that causes continuous cropping obstacles of Pinellia ternata.And to provide scientific basis for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping and improve its yield and quality.【Method】 The impacts of rotation and continuous cropping on yield and quality of P.ternata were studied by using the field comparison experiment and measuring the activity of catalase,urease,neutral phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase in the rhizosphere soil.【Result】 The activities of catalase,urease and neutral phosphatase in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping declined,while the activity of polyphenol oxidase significantly increased,the activities of catalase,urease and neutral phosphatase decreased by 6.21 %,18.80 % and 21.49 % respectively,while the activity of polyphenol oxidase increased by 62.96 % in continuous cropping than that of rotation cropping in the late growth period.With the growth of P.ternata,the activity of catalase increased gradually,the activities of urease and phosphatase increased first and then decreased,and the activity of polyphenol oxidase decreased first and then increased.The tuber diameter,kernel weight,yield and extract content under continuous cropping were significant lower than that of rotation cropping(decreased by 25.00 %,32.82 %,87.77 % and 20.75 % respectively).【Conclusion】 The activities of catalase,urease and neutral phosphatase in the continuous cropping soil were declined,while the activities of polyphenol oxidase were significantly increased,and both yield and quality of P.ternata significantly declined.
【Objective】 In order to find out the mechanism that causes continuous cropping obstacles of Pinellia ternata.And to provide scientific basis for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping and improve its yield and quality.【Method】 The impacts of rotation and continuous cropping on yield and quality of P.ternata were studied by using the field comparison experiment and measuring the activity of catalase,urease,neutral phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase in the rhizosphere soil.【Result】 The activities of catalase,urease and neutral phosphatase in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping declined,while the activity of polyphenol oxidase significantly increased,the activities of catalase,urease and neutral phosphatase decreased by 6.21 %,18.80 % and 21.49 % respectively,while the activity of polyphenol oxidase increased by 62.96 % in continuous cropping than that of rotation cropping in the late growth period.With the growth of P.ternata,the activity of catalase increased gradually,the activities of urease and phosphatase increased first and then decreased,and the activity of polyphenol oxidase decreased first and then increased.The tuber diameter,kernel weight,yield and extract content under continuous cropping were significant lower than that of rotation cropping(decreased by 25.00 %,32.82 %,87.77 % and 20.75 % respectively).【Conclusion】 The activities of catalase,urease and neutral phosphatase in the continuous cropping soil were declined,while the activities of polyphenol oxidase were significantly increased,and both yield and quality of P.ternata significantly declined.
引文
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[20] 王喜枝,姚丽娟,王艳丽,等.不同连作年限对大蒜根际土壤养分含量、微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(9):58-63.
[21] 孙雪婷,龙光强,张广辉,等.基于三七连作障碍的土壤理化性状及酶活性研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(3):409-417.
[22] 李海云,姚拓,师尚礼,等.复合菌剂对玉米根际土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响[J].草原与草坪,2018,38(6):19-26.
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[26] 杜茜,马琨.马铃薯连作对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013(5):20-23.
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[28] 乔志伟,腾飞龙,邵晓贵.溶磷细菌及组合对复垦土壤磷素有效性的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2019,53(2):300-306,324.
[29] 刘淑英.有机无机肥配施对灌耕灰钙土碱性磷酸酶和土壤磷素的影响[J].土壤通报,2011,42(3):670-675.
[30] 耿玉清,白翠霞,赵广亮,等.土壤磷酸酶活性及其与有机磷组分的相关性[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(增刊2):139-143.
[31] 宋丹,王吉磊.外源植酸酶对土壤磷酸酶活性和有效磷含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(5):15-17.
[32] 张新慧,张恩和.不同茬口对当归根际微生物数量和产量的影响[J].中草药,2008,39(2):267-269.
[33] 何光训.土壤农化性状对土壤酚类物质积累的影响[J].福建林学院学报,1990,10(4):422-426.
[34] Yu J Q,Matsui Y.Phytotoxic substances in root exudates of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1994,20(1):21-31.
[35] 妙佳源,李夏,周达,等.连作对土壤酶活性及养分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):123-126.
[36] 陈慧,郝慧荣,熊君,等.地黄连作对根际微生物区系及土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(12):2755-2759.
[2] 王国祥,蔡子平,刘增新,等.西和县半夏产业存在的问题及发展建议[J].甘肃农业科技,2014(11):56.
[3] 郭兰萍,黄璐琦,蒋有绪,等.药用植物栽培种植中的土壤环境恶化及防治策略[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(9):714-717.
[4] 张新慧.当归连作障碍机制及其生物修复措施研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2009.
[5] 郭冠瑛,王丰青,范华敏,等.地黄化感自毒作用与连作障碍机制的研究进展[J].中国现代中药,2012,14(6):35-38.
[6] 尹文佳.地黄连作的障碍效应与生理生态特性研究[D].兰州:河南农业大学,2009.
[7] 陈长宝.人参化感作用及其忌连作机制研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2006.
[8] 曾令杰,林茂兹,李振方,等.连作对太子参光合作用及药用品质的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(8):1522-1528.
[9] 赵杨景,杨峻山,王玉萍,等.西洋参、紫苏籽和慧该根水提物的化感作用[J].中草药,2004,35(4):452-455.
[10] 王玉萍,赵杨景,杨峻山,等.西洋参根系分泌物的初步研究[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(3):229-231.
[11] 马承铸,李世东,顾真荣.三七连作田根腐病复合症综合治理措施与效果[J].上海农业学报,2006,22(4):63-68.
[12] 马小奇.半夏的连作障碍效应研究及其缓解措施初探[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[13] 张子龙,王文全.植物连作障碍的形成机制及其调控技术研究进展[J].生物学杂志,2010,27(5):69-72.
[14] Huang Yilong,Chen Liding,Fu Bojie,et al.The wheat yields and water-use efficiency in the Loess Plateau:straw mulch and irrigation effects[J].Agricultural Water Management,2005,72(3):209-222.
[15] 慕平.黄土高原农田综合地力及碳汇特征对连续多年玉米秸秆全量还田的响应[D],兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012.
[16] 陈小容,雍太文,杨文钰,等.不同种植模式下茬口对小麦季土壤养分和酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(6):20-24.
[17] 黄华乾,王金叶,凌大炯,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤过氧化氢酶活性与土壤化学性质的关系研究-以雷州半岛为例[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(6):2412-2416.
[18] 张浩,赵九洲,张丽,等.不同大豆根茬比对连作番茄生长发育及根际土壤环境的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(7):138-145.
[19] 吴凤芝,孟立君,王学征,等.设施蔬菜轮作和连作土壤酶活性的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):554-558.
[20] 王喜枝,姚丽娟,王艳丽,等.不同连作年限对大蒜根际土壤养分含量、微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(9):58-63.
[21] 孙雪婷,龙光强,张广辉,等.基于三七连作障碍的土壤理化性状及酶活性研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(3):409-417.
[22] 李海云,姚拓,师尚礼,等.复合菌剂对玉米根际土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响[J].草原与草坪,2018,38(6):19-26.
[23] Riley D,Barker S A.Bicarbonate accumulation and pH changes at the soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.) root-soil interface[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(5):905-908.
[24] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.
[25] 刘素慧,刘世琦,张自坤,等.大蒜连作对其根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(5):1000-1006.
[26] 杜茜,马琨.马铃薯连作对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013(5):20-23.
[27] 郭修武,胡禧熙,李坤,等.连作葡萄对土壤中脲酶活性及养分含量的影响[J].土壤通报,2010,41(2):320-322.
[28] 乔志伟,腾飞龙,邵晓贵.溶磷细菌及组合对复垦土壤磷素有效性的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2019,53(2):300-306,324.
[29] 刘淑英.有机无机肥配施对灌耕灰钙土碱性磷酸酶和土壤磷素的影响[J].土壤通报,2011,42(3):670-675.
[30] 耿玉清,白翠霞,赵广亮,等.土壤磷酸酶活性及其与有机磷组分的相关性[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(增刊2):139-143.
[31] 宋丹,王吉磊.外源植酸酶对土壤磷酸酶活性和有效磷含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(5):15-17.
[32] 张新慧,张恩和.不同茬口对当归根际微生物数量和产量的影响[J].中草药,2008,39(2):267-269.
[33] 何光训.土壤农化性状对土壤酚类物质积累的影响[J].福建林学院学报,1990,10(4):422-426.
[34] Yu J Q,Matsui Y.Phytotoxic substances in root exudates of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1994,20(1):21-31.
[35] 妙佳源,李夏,周达,等.连作对土壤酶活性及养分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):123-126.
[36] 陈慧,郝慧荣,熊君,等.地黄连作对根际微生物区系及土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(12):2755-2759.