“十二五”时期中国碳排放全要素生产率及其影响因素研究
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摘要
基于改进的共同前沿分析方法,本文对我国"十二五"时期的碳排放效率和全要素生产率进行了测算,研究发现全局效率、跨期效率和同时期效率在经济不发达地区和西部地区都较低;在对全局效率分析时发现绝大多数地区都存在非效率状况;在对跨期效率分析时发现非效率的地区数量明显比全局效率分析中的地区少;而同时期效率存在非效率情况的地区更少。根据共同前沿模型的特点,我们还发现各地区存在着全局效率小于跨期效率,跨期效率小于同时期效率的情况。根据上述的效率数据,本文还计算了共同前沿Malmquist-Luenberger全要素生产率指数,计算结果表明效率高的地区,全要素生产率指数也较高,但是全要素生产率指数的数值都较小;对全要素生产率指数进行分解,发现技术进步较为明显,技术效率有待提高。最后,本文选取了影响全要素生产率指数的各种因素,应用动态面板数据对全要素生产率指数的影响因素进行了分析,研究发现经济发展水平对全要素生产率指数有着正向作用,但是这种作用的边际效应是递减的,经济结构重型化不利于全要素生产率指数的提高,技术进步对全要素生产率指数起着正向作用,城镇化弱化了全要素生产率指数的上升,外商直接投资对全要素生产率指数的作用为正,但是不显著。
The calculation of carbon emissions efficiency and total factor productivity of our country during the 12th Five-year is on the basis of the improved meta-frontier analysis.The study finds that the global efficiency,intertemporal,and contemporaneous efficiency in underdeveloped areas and the western region is low.The analysis of global efficiency demonstrates that most of the region is non-efficient whereas the intertemporal efficiency suggests that the number of non-efficient region is significantly less than that of global efficiency analysis.And contemporaneous efficiency indicates the number of non-efficient region is much less.After analysizing the characteristics of the common frontier model,we also find that the efficiency of global group is lower than the efficiency in every region.What′s more significant is that the efficiency of the group is lower than contemporaneous one.Total factor productivity index of Meta-frontier Malmquist-Luenberger is calculated based on the efficiency of the data.The results of calculation manifest that the total factor productivity index is high corresponding to the high efficient region,but the value of the total factor productivity index is small.The decomposition of total factor productivity index finds that technological progress is more apparent and technical efficiency needs to be improved.To conclude,the article analyzes the various influencing factors of the total factor productivity index with the dynamic panel data.
The calculation of carbon emissions efficiency and total factor productivity of our country during the 12th Five-year is on the basis of the improved meta-frontier analysis.The study finds that the global efficiency,intertemporal,and contemporaneous efficiency in underdeveloped areas and the western region is low.The analysis of global efficiency demonstrates that most of the region is non-efficient whereas the intertemporal efficiency suggests that the number of non-efficient region is significantly less than that of global efficiency analysis.And contemporaneous efficiency indicates the number of non-efficient region is much less.After analysizing the characteristics of the common frontier model,we also find that the efficiency of global group is lower than the efficiency in every region.What′s more significant is that the efficiency of the group is lower than contemporaneous one.Total factor productivity index of Meta-frontier Malmquist-Luenberger is calculated based on the efficiency of the data.The results of calculation manifest that the total factor productivity index is high corresponding to the high efficient region,but the value of the total factor productivity index is small.The decomposition of total factor productivity index finds that technological progress is more apparent and technical efficiency needs to be improved.To conclude,the article analyzes the various influencing factors of the total factor productivity index with the dynamic panel data.
引文
[1]李胜文,李大胜,邱俊杰等.中西部效率低于东部吗?--基于技术集差异和共同前沿生产函数的分析[J].经济学(季刊),2013(2):777-798.
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[11]Grossman G.,Krueger A.Economic Environment and the Economic Growth[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1995,110(2):353-77.
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[13]Hayami Y.,Ruttan V.W.Agricultural Development:An International Perspective[M].Baltimore,London:The Johns Hopkins Press,1971.
[14]Munisamy S.,Arabi B.Eco-efficiency Change in Power Plants:Using a Slacks-based Measure for the Meta-frontier Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015(105):218-32.
[15]O'Donnell C.J.,Rao D.S.P.,Battese G.E.Metafrontier Frameworks for the Study of Firm-level Efficiencies and Technology Ratios[J].Empirical Economics,2008,34(2):231-55.
[16]Oh D.,Lee J.A Metafrontier Approach for Measuring Malmquist Productivity Index[J].Empirical Economics,2010,38(1):47-64.
[17]Oh D.A Metafrontier Approach for Measuring an Environmentally Sensitive Productivity Growth Index[J].Energy Economics,2010,32(1):146-57.
[18]Simar L.,Wilson P.W.Estimation and Inference in Two-stage,Semi-parametric Models of Production Processes[J].Journal of Econometrics,2007,136(1):31-64.
[19]Wang Q.,Zhang H.,Zhang W.A Malmquist CO2 Emission Performance Index Based on a Metafrontier Approach[J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2013,58(5):1068-73.
[20]Zhang N.,Choi Y.A Comparative Study of Dynamic Changes in CO2 Emission Performance of Fossil Fuel Power Plants in China and Korea[J].Energy Policy,2013(62):324-32.
[2]李小胜,宋马林.“十二五”时期我国碳排放额度分配评估及效率研究[J].经济科学,2015(5):58-69.
[3]沈能,王群伟.考虑异质性技术的环境效率评价及空间效应[J].管理工程学报,2015(1):162-168.
[4]王兵,王丽.环境约束下中国区域工业技术效率与生产率及其影响因素实证研究[J].南方经济,2010(11):3-19.
[5]王群伟,周鹏,周德群.生产技术异质性、二氧化碳排放与绩效损失--基于共同前沿的国际比较[J].科研管理,2014(10):41-48.
[6]尹向飞,段文斌.中国全要素生产率的来源:理论构建和经验数据[J].南开经济研究,2016(1):95-116.
[7]Battese G.E.,Rao D.S.P.,O'Donnell C.J.A Metafrontier Production Function for Estimation of Technical Efficiencies and Technology Gaps for Firms Operating under Different Technologies[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,2004,21(1):91-103.
[8]Bond S.R.Dynamic Panel Data Models:A Guide to Micro Data Methods and Practice[J].Portuguese Economic Journal,2002,1(2):141-62.
[9]Chung Y.H.,F?re R.,Grosskopf S.Productivity and Undesirable Outputs:A Directional Distance Function Approach[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1997,51(3):229-40.
[10]Fei R.,Lin B.Technology Gap and CO2 Emission Reduction Potential by Technical Efficiency Measures:A Meta-frontier Modeling for the Chinese Agricultural Sector[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,73(2):653-61.
[11]Grossman G.,Krueger A.Economic Environment and the Economic Growth[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1995,110(2):353-77.
[12]Guan Z.F.,Lansink A.O.,Van Ittersum M.Integrating Agronomic Principles into Production Function Specification:A Dichotomy of Growth Inputs and Facilitating Inputs[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2006,88(1):203-14.
[13]Hayami Y.,Ruttan V.W.Agricultural Development:An International Perspective[M].Baltimore,London:The Johns Hopkins Press,1971.
[14]Munisamy S.,Arabi B.Eco-efficiency Change in Power Plants:Using a Slacks-based Measure for the Meta-frontier Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015(105):218-32.
[15]O'Donnell C.J.,Rao D.S.P.,Battese G.E.Metafrontier Frameworks for the Study of Firm-level Efficiencies and Technology Ratios[J].Empirical Economics,2008,34(2):231-55.
[16]Oh D.,Lee J.A Metafrontier Approach for Measuring Malmquist Productivity Index[J].Empirical Economics,2010,38(1):47-64.
[17]Oh D.A Metafrontier Approach for Measuring an Environmentally Sensitive Productivity Growth Index[J].Energy Economics,2010,32(1):146-57.
[18]Simar L.,Wilson P.W.Estimation and Inference in Two-stage,Semi-parametric Models of Production Processes[J].Journal of Econometrics,2007,136(1):31-64.
[19]Wang Q.,Zhang H.,Zhang W.A Malmquist CO2 Emission Performance Index Based on a Metafrontier Approach[J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2013,58(5):1068-73.
[20]Zhang N.,Choi Y.A Comparative Study of Dynamic Changes in CO2 Emission Performance of Fossil Fuel Power Plants in China and Korea[J].Energy Policy,2013(62):324-32.