层状介质瑞利面波速度频散特征的二维物理模拟研究
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摘要
本文基于厚度小于传播波的第一菲涅尔带半径的二维模型,采用超声波物理实验方法,研究不同覆盖层厚的两层层状介质的瑞利面波的速度频散特征和影响因素.实验研究结果表明,在瑞利面波物理模拟实验中,以厚度小于第一菲涅耳带半径的薄板模型为二维物理模型是可信和可行的.相较于常规模拟走向无限延伸的,但具有三维尺度的拟二维模型,薄板二维模型具有远为更高的建模效率和更低的建模成本.对于低速覆盖模型,由于折射横波的能量较强,在依据最大能量拾取速度频散曲线时,地质模型的约束是非常重要的.此外,折射横波与瑞利面波的干涉效应,可导致面波能量频散分布出现局部不连续特征.对于高速覆盖模型,反射横波对瑞利面波速度频散特征影响不大,主要表现为对瑞利面波频散曲线的光滑性或连续性的影响.
In this paper, based on the two-dimensional models with the plate thickness less than the first Fresnel zone radius of the propagating waves, the ultrasonic physics experiments are conducted to study the velocity dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh surface waves for the two-layer medium models with low-velocity up-layer and high-velocity up-layer, respectively, and various up-layer thickness. The experiment results show that a thin plate with the thickness less than the first Fresnel zone radius of the propagating waves can be well considered as a two-dimensional model in the experiments. Obviously, comparing with convetioanl two-diamntaional modes with an enough length in the strike direction, the thin plate two-dimensional models are much efficient and economical. The results also show that for the models with the low-velocity up-layer, as there are strong refraction S-waves interference, a geological background constrain is important in the dispersion analysis of Rayleigh surface waves based upon the maximum energy image in the domain. Moreover, the interference of the refraction and surface wave can also cause the local uncontinuity of dispersion energy distribution of the Rayleigh surface waves. For the models with the up-velocity up-layer, the interference of reflection S-wave mainly contaminate the continuity, or smoothness of the dispersion energy distribution of Rayleigh waves.
In this paper, based on the two-dimensional models with the plate thickness less than the first Fresnel zone radius of the propagating waves, the ultrasonic physics experiments are conducted to study the velocity dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh surface waves for the two-layer medium models with low-velocity up-layer and high-velocity up-layer, respectively, and various up-layer thickness. The experiment results show that a thin plate with the thickness less than the first Fresnel zone radius of the propagating waves can be well considered as a two-dimensional model in the experiments. Obviously, comparing with convetioanl two-diamntaional modes with an enough length in the strike direction, the thin plate two-dimensional models are much efficient and economical. The results also show that for the models with the low-velocity up-layer, as there are strong refraction S-waves interference, a geological background constrain is important in the dispersion analysis of Rayleigh surface waves based upon the maximum energy image in the domain. Moreover, the interference of the refraction and surface wave can also cause the local uncontinuity of dispersion energy distribution of the Rayleigh surface waves. For the models with the up-velocity up-layer, the interference of reflection S-wave mainly contaminate the continuity, or smoothness of the dispersion energy distribution of Rayleigh waves.
引文
Han Chao, Liu Z P, Xiong Z Y, et al. 2016. Approach to the model scale influence in the experiments of multi-channel Rayleigh waves [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 31(3): 1313-1319, doi: 10.6038/pg20160353.
Han Chao, Liu Z P, Zhang R H, et al. 2017. Numerical simulation of the Rayleigh surface wave two-dimensional physical models [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 32(1): 0357- 0362, doi: 10.6038/pg20170151.
Liu Z X, Shan L N, Wang S Q, et al. 2012. Simulation of Rayleigh wave in layered media [J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics (in Chinese), 9(1): 5-11, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7940.2012.01.002.
Lu L Y, Zhang B X, Wang C H. 2006. Experiment and inversion studies on research based on Rayleigh wave considering higher mode [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 49(4): 1082-1091, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.04.021.
Peng Y M, Sun J Z. 1987. Similarity criterion of ultrasonic s-eismic model experiment [J]. Site Investigation Science and Technology (in Chinese), (5): 58- 61, 52.
Sun J Z, Guo T S, Tang W B, et al. 1997. Theory and practice of ultrasonic seismic model texperiment in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 40(s1): 266-274.
Tan Y. 2017. Two-dimensional numerical simulation of the wave field of Rayleigh waves over the surface of layered media [Master’s thesis]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiao Tong University.
Wang X, Liu Z P. 2017. Realization of wave field snapshots in 2D ultrasonic physical simulation [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 32(1): 0292- 0298, doi: 10.6038/pg20170141.
Wang X S, Qian X F, Li B T. 2006. The transverse resolution of the first Fresnel zone radius and seismic data [J]. Progress in exploration geophysics (in Chinese), 29(4): 244-248.
Xue Q K. 1962. Two dimensional elastic experiment [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 11(2): 164-169.
Zhang B X, Lu L Y, Bao G S. 2002. A study on zigzag dispersion curves in Rayleigh wave exploration [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 45(2): 263-274, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2002.02.013.
Zhang L, Liu Z P. 2013. A study of the elliptic polarization characteristics of fundamental mode rayleigh wave based on numerical analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 56(5): 1686-1695, doi: 10.6038/cjg20130526.
韩超, 刘争平, 熊自英, 等. 2016. 瞬态多道瑞利面波实验中的模型尺度影响[J]. 地球物理学进展, 31(3): 1313-1319, doi: 10.6038/pg20160353.
韩超, 刘争平, 张瑞华, 等. 2017. 瑞利面波二维物理模型的数值模拟研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 32(1): 0357- 0362, doi: 10.6038/pg20170151
刘占兴, 单娜琳, 王少卿, 等. 2012. 层状介质瑞利面波的波形模拟研究[J]. 工程地球物理学报, 9(1): 5-11, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7940.2012.01.002.
鲁来玉, 张碧星, 汪承灏. 2006. 基于瑞利波高阶模式反演的实验研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 49(4): 1082-1091, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.04.021.
彭一民, 孙进忠. 1987. 超声地震模型实验相似准则[J]. 勘察科学技术, (5): 58- 61, 52.
孙进忠, 郭铁栓, 唐文榜, 等. 1997. 我国超声地震模型试验的理论研究与实践[J]. 地球物理学报, 40(s1): 266-274.
谭屹. 2017. 层状介质瑞利面波波场二维数值模拟研究[硕士论文]. 成都: 西南交通大学.
王旭, 刘争平. 2017. 二维超声物理模拟的波场快照实现[J]. 地球物理学进展, 32(1): 0292- 0298, doi: 10.6038/pg20170141.
王绪松, 钱雪峰, 李波涛. 2006. 第一菲涅尔带半径与地震资料的横向分辨力[J]. 勘探地球物理进展, 29(4): 244-248.
薛乾康. 1962. 二维弹性波模型试验[J]. 地球物理学报, 11(2): 164-169.
张碧星, 鲁来玉, 鲍光淑. 2002. 瑞利波勘探中“之”字形频散曲线研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 45(2): 263-274, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2002.02.013.
张立, 刘争平. 2013. 水平层状介质中基阶瑞利面波椭圆极化特征数值分析与研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 56(5): 1686-1695, doi: 10.6038/cjg20130526.
赵鸿儒, 唐文榜, 郭铁栓. 1986. 超声地震模型试验技术及应用[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社.
Han Chao, Liu Z P, Zhang R H, et al. 2017. Numerical simulation of the Rayleigh surface wave two-dimensional physical models [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 32(1): 0357- 0362, doi: 10.6038/pg20170151.
Liu Z X, Shan L N, Wang S Q, et al. 2012. Simulation of Rayleigh wave in layered media [J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics (in Chinese), 9(1): 5-11, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7940.2012.01.002.
Lu L Y, Zhang B X, Wang C H. 2006. Experiment and inversion studies on research based on Rayleigh wave considering higher mode [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 49(4): 1082-1091, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.04.021.
Peng Y M, Sun J Z. 1987. Similarity criterion of ultrasonic s-eismic model experiment [J]. Site Investigation Science and Technology (in Chinese), (5): 58- 61, 52.
Sun J Z, Guo T S, Tang W B, et al. 1997. Theory and practice of ultrasonic seismic model texperiment in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 40(s1): 266-274.
Tan Y. 2017. Two-dimensional numerical simulation of the wave field of Rayleigh waves over the surface of layered media [Master’s thesis]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiao Tong University.
Wang X, Liu Z P. 2017. Realization of wave field snapshots in 2D ultrasonic physical simulation [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 32(1): 0292- 0298, doi: 10.6038/pg20170141.
Wang X S, Qian X F, Li B T. 2006. The transverse resolution of the first Fresnel zone radius and seismic data [J]. Progress in exploration geophysics (in Chinese), 29(4): 244-248.
Xue Q K. 1962. Two dimensional elastic experiment [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 11(2): 164-169.
Zhang B X, Lu L Y, Bao G S. 2002. A study on zigzag dispersion curves in Rayleigh wave exploration [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 45(2): 263-274, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2002.02.013.
Zhang L, Liu Z P. 2013. A study of the elliptic polarization characteristics of fundamental mode rayleigh wave based on numerical analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 56(5): 1686-1695, doi: 10.6038/cjg20130526.
韩超, 刘争平, 熊自英, 等. 2016. 瞬态多道瑞利面波实验中的模型尺度影响[J]. 地球物理学进展, 31(3): 1313-1319, doi: 10.6038/pg20160353.
韩超, 刘争平, 张瑞华, 等. 2017. 瑞利面波二维物理模型的数值模拟研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 32(1): 0357- 0362, doi: 10.6038/pg20170151
刘占兴, 单娜琳, 王少卿, 等. 2012. 层状介质瑞利面波的波形模拟研究[J]. 工程地球物理学报, 9(1): 5-11, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7940.2012.01.002.
鲁来玉, 张碧星, 汪承灏. 2006. 基于瑞利波高阶模式反演的实验研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 49(4): 1082-1091, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.04.021.
彭一民, 孙进忠. 1987. 超声地震模型实验相似准则[J]. 勘察科学技术, (5): 58- 61, 52.
孙进忠, 郭铁栓, 唐文榜, 等. 1997. 我国超声地震模型试验的理论研究与实践[J]. 地球物理学报, 40(s1): 266-274.
谭屹. 2017. 层状介质瑞利面波波场二维数值模拟研究[硕士论文]. 成都: 西南交通大学.
王旭, 刘争平. 2017. 二维超声物理模拟的波场快照实现[J]. 地球物理学进展, 32(1): 0292- 0298, doi: 10.6038/pg20170141.
王绪松, 钱雪峰, 李波涛. 2006. 第一菲涅尔带半径与地震资料的横向分辨力[J]. 勘探地球物理进展, 29(4): 244-248.
薛乾康. 1962. 二维弹性波模型试验[J]. 地球物理学报, 11(2): 164-169.
张碧星, 鲁来玉, 鲍光淑. 2002. 瑞利波勘探中“之”字形频散曲线研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 45(2): 263-274, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2002.02.013.
张立, 刘争平. 2013. 水平层状介质中基阶瑞利面波椭圆极化特征数值分析与研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 56(5): 1686-1695, doi: 10.6038/cjg20130526.
赵鸿儒, 唐文榜, 郭铁栓. 1986. 超声地震模型试验技术及应用[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社.