平腹小蜂滞育诱导研究
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摘要
平腹小蜂是果树蝽类害虫的优势天敌,对重要果树蝽类害虫具有较强的控制作用,商品化生产的平腹小蜂已广泛应用于多种果树蝽类害虫的生物防治。为精确控制平腹小蜂的羽化时间和提高防控效果,本文对室内不同温度条件下不同龄期平腹小蜂的滞育诱导进行了初步研究。结果表明:平腹小蜂的滞育虫态为预蛹,从卵期开始至预蛹前期,对其进行低温和短光照刺激均可以诱导其进入滞育。短光照(6L:18D),17℃条件下,处于卵期、1～2龄期和2～3龄期的平腹小蜂发育至预蛹期,滞育率分别为76.37%、81.51%和60.28%,其中卵期开始诱导和1～2龄开始诱导的处理之间,滞育率无显著性差异,且卵期处理组和1～2龄处理组的滞育率显著高于2～3龄处理组的滞育率;短光照条件下,当温度降低到11℃和14℃,对1～2龄和2～3龄期的平腹小蜂诱导滞育,滞育率显著下降到20%以下。综合而言,短光照条件下,温度在诱导平腹小蜂进入滞育中起着至关重要的作用。不同龄期平腹小蜂在17℃持续处理后,预蛹的滞育率不同。在本研究中,17℃结合短光照,对卵期和1～2龄期的平腹小蜂进行诱导,可获得较高的滞育率。
As the major natural enemy of stink bugs, A. japonicus is very effective in suppressing stink bugs populations, and has been commercially used in biological control of stink bugs. In order to accurately control the adult emergence of A. japonicus and improve its control efficacy, the research on the diapause induction of A. japonicus were performed in this study under different temperatures and development stages. The results indicated that A. japonicas diapause as pre-pupa. Low temperature and short day length could induce diapausein A. japonicus from egg to 3~(rd) instar larva. When the egg, 1—2 instar and 2—3 instar larva of A. japonicus were exposed to a photoperiod of 6 L:18 D at 17 ℃, they would enter into diapause as pre-pupa, the incidence of diapause were 76.37%, 81.51% and 60.28%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the diapause incidence between treatment with egg and 1—2 instar larva, but their diapause incidence was significantly higher than treatment with 2—3 instar larva. When 1—2 instar and 2—3 instar larva of A. japonicus were exposed to 11 ℃ or 14 ℃, the diapause incidence decreased to less than 20%. Temperature plays a crucial role in A. japonicus diapause induction. The diapause incidence is different when A. japonicus were exposed to 17 ℃ with different development stage. In this study, the higher diapause incidence was achieved in treatment with egg and 1—2 instar larva of A. japonicus under photoperiod of 6 L:18 D at 17 ℃.
As the major natural enemy of stink bugs, A. japonicus is very effective in suppressing stink bugs populations, and has been commercially used in biological control of stink bugs. In order to accurately control the adult emergence of A. japonicus and improve its control efficacy, the research on the diapause induction of A. japonicus were performed in this study under different temperatures and development stages. The results indicated that A. japonicas diapause as pre-pupa. Low temperature and short day length could induce diapausein A. japonicus from egg to 3~(rd) instar larva. When the egg, 1—2 instar and 2—3 instar larva of A. japonicus were exposed to a photoperiod of 6 L:18 D at 17 ℃, they would enter into diapause as pre-pupa, the incidence of diapause were 76.37%, 81.51% and 60.28%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the diapause incidence between treatment with egg and 1—2 instar larva, but their diapause incidence was significantly higher than treatment with 2—3 instar larva. When 1—2 instar and 2—3 instar larva of A. japonicus were exposed to 11 ℃ or 14 ℃, the diapause incidence decreased to less than 20%. Temperature plays a crucial role in A. japonicus diapause induction. The diapause incidence is different when A. japonicus were exposed to 17 ℃ with different development stage. In this study, the higher diapause incidence was achieved in treatment with egg and 1—2 instar larva of A. japonicus under photoperiod of 6 L:18 D at 17 ℃.
引文
[1]古德祥,张古忍,张润杰,等.中国南方害虫生物防治50周年回顾[J].昆虫学报,2000,43(3):327-335.
[2]Li D S,Liao C Y,Zhang B X,et al.Biological control of insect pests in litchi orchards in China[J].Biological Control,2014,68(1):23-36.
[3]李靖,张俊杰,王寅亮,等.荔枝蝽平腹小蜂触角味觉受体基因的鉴定与表达分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(3):292-298.
[4]韩诗畴,刘文惠,陈巧贤,等.香港地区释放荔蝽卵平腹小蜂防治荔蝽[J].中国生物防治,1999,15(2):54-56.
[5]吴怡慧,潘宣任,吴登桢,等.荔枝椿象防治及天敌平腹小蜂之应用[C]//新兴有害生物防治技术及昆虫天敌应用,2018植物防检疫科技研发成果发表论文集,2018,27-35.
[6]Cornelius M L,Dieckhoff C,Hoelmer K A,et al.Biological control of sentinel egg masses of the exotic invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys(Stal)in Mid-Atlantic USA ornamental landscapes[J].Biological Control,2016,103(1):11-20.
[7]Jones A L,Jennings D E,Hooks C R R,et al.Sentinel eggs underestimate rates of parasitism of the exotic brown marmorated stink bug,Halyomorpha halys[J].Biological Control,2014,78(1):61-66.
[8]Stahl J M,Babendreier D,Haye T.Life history of Anastatus bifasciatus,a potential biological control agent of the brown marmorated stink bug in Europe[J].Biological Control,2019,129(2):178-186.
[9]Julie A R.Epigenetic influences on diapause[J].Advances in Insect Physiology,2017,53(1):115-144.
[10]Ane M A,Dora N,Rodolfo C,et al.Diapause in Drosophila melanogaster-photoperiodicity,cold tolerance and metabolites[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2018,105(1):46-53.
[11]徐卫华.昆虫滞育研究进展[J].昆虫知识,2008,45(4):512-517.
[12]李玉艳,张礼生,陈红印.生物因子对寄生蜂滞育的影响[J].昆虫知识,2010,47(4):638-645.
[13]Denlinger D L,Yocum G D,Rinehart J P.10-Hormonal control of diapause[J].Insect Endocrinology,2012,8:430-463.
[14]张礼生,陈红印,王孟卿,等.寄生蜂的滞育研究进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2014,30(2):149-164.
[15]安涛,张洪志,韩艳华,等.烟蚜茧蜂滞育关联基因的转录组学分析[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(5):604-611.
[16]张洪志,高飞,刘梦姚,等.近十年全球小型寄生蜂滞育研究的新进展[J].环境昆虫学报,2018,40(1):82-91.
[17]周祖基,张务民,杨春平.枯叶蛾平腹小蜂人工繁育技术研究[J].四川林业科技,1987,4(10):30-34.
[18]Berg M A.Studies on the induction and termination of diapause in Mesocomys pulchriceps Cam(Hymenoptera:Eupelmidae)an egg parasite of Saturniidae(Lepidoptera)[J].Phytophylactica,1971,3:85-88.
[19]Narasimham A U,Sankaran T.Biology of Anastatus umae(Hymenoptera:Eupelmidae),an oothecal parasite of Neostylopyga rhombifolia(Blattodea:Blattidae)[J].Colemania,1982,1(3):135-140.
[20]李玉艳,张礼生,陈红印,等.烟蚜茧蜂滞育诱导的温光周期反应[J].应用昆虫学报.2013,50(3):718-726.
[21]Ragland G J,Denlinger D L,Hahn D A.Mechanisms of suspended animation are revealed by transcript profiling of diapause in the flesh fly[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Ssciences of the United States of America,2010,107(33):14909-14914.
[22]周淑香,鲁新,张国红,等.松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育诱导及解除条件研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(1):45-52.
[23]Gunie G,Lauge G.Effects of high temperatures recorded during diapause completion of(Trichogramma brassicae)prepupae(Hym:Trichogrammatidae),on the treated generation and its progeny[J].Entomophaga,1997,42(3):329-336.
[24]Tian K,Xu W H.High expression of PP2A-Aαis associated with diapause induction during the photoperiod-sensitive stage of the cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2013,59(6):588-594.
[25]黄明度,麦秀慧,吴伟南,等.荔枝蝽象卵寄生蜂一平腹小蜂Anastatus sp.的生物学及其应用的研究[J].昆虫学报,1974,17(4):362-275.
[26]韩海斌,姜珊,王建梅,等.伞裙追寄蝇滞育诱导的温光周期条件和低温贮藏[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(3):342-347.
[27]黄君霆.家蚕滞育分子机制的研究[J].蚕业科学,2003,29(1):1-6.
[28]Alvi S M,Momoi S.Environmental regulation and geographical adaptation of diapause in Cotesia plutellae(Hymenoptera:Braconidae),a parasitoid of the diamondback moth larvae[J].Applied Entomology and Zoology,1994,29(1):89-95.
[2]Li D S,Liao C Y,Zhang B X,et al.Biological control of insect pests in litchi orchards in China[J].Biological Control,2014,68(1):23-36.
[3]李靖,张俊杰,王寅亮,等.荔枝蝽平腹小蜂触角味觉受体基因的鉴定与表达分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(3):292-298.
[4]韩诗畴,刘文惠,陈巧贤,等.香港地区释放荔蝽卵平腹小蜂防治荔蝽[J].中国生物防治,1999,15(2):54-56.
[5]吴怡慧,潘宣任,吴登桢,等.荔枝椿象防治及天敌平腹小蜂之应用[C]//新兴有害生物防治技术及昆虫天敌应用,2018植物防检疫科技研发成果发表论文集,2018,27-35.
[6]Cornelius M L,Dieckhoff C,Hoelmer K A,et al.Biological control of sentinel egg masses of the exotic invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys(Stal)in Mid-Atlantic USA ornamental landscapes[J].Biological Control,2016,103(1):11-20.
[7]Jones A L,Jennings D E,Hooks C R R,et al.Sentinel eggs underestimate rates of parasitism of the exotic brown marmorated stink bug,Halyomorpha halys[J].Biological Control,2014,78(1):61-66.
[8]Stahl J M,Babendreier D,Haye T.Life history of Anastatus bifasciatus,a potential biological control agent of the brown marmorated stink bug in Europe[J].Biological Control,2019,129(2):178-186.
[9]Julie A R.Epigenetic influences on diapause[J].Advances in Insect Physiology,2017,53(1):115-144.
[10]Ane M A,Dora N,Rodolfo C,et al.Diapause in Drosophila melanogaster-photoperiodicity,cold tolerance and metabolites[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2018,105(1):46-53.
[11]徐卫华.昆虫滞育研究进展[J].昆虫知识,2008,45(4):512-517.
[12]李玉艳,张礼生,陈红印.生物因子对寄生蜂滞育的影响[J].昆虫知识,2010,47(4):638-645.
[13]Denlinger D L,Yocum G D,Rinehart J P.10-Hormonal control of diapause[J].Insect Endocrinology,2012,8:430-463.
[14]张礼生,陈红印,王孟卿,等.寄生蜂的滞育研究进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2014,30(2):149-164.
[15]安涛,张洪志,韩艳华,等.烟蚜茧蜂滞育关联基因的转录组学分析[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(5):604-611.
[16]张洪志,高飞,刘梦姚,等.近十年全球小型寄生蜂滞育研究的新进展[J].环境昆虫学报,2018,40(1):82-91.
[17]周祖基,张务民,杨春平.枯叶蛾平腹小蜂人工繁育技术研究[J].四川林业科技,1987,4(10):30-34.
[18]Berg M A.Studies on the induction and termination of diapause in Mesocomys pulchriceps Cam(Hymenoptera:Eupelmidae)an egg parasite of Saturniidae(Lepidoptera)[J].Phytophylactica,1971,3:85-88.
[19]Narasimham A U,Sankaran T.Biology of Anastatus umae(Hymenoptera:Eupelmidae),an oothecal parasite of Neostylopyga rhombifolia(Blattodea:Blattidae)[J].Colemania,1982,1(3):135-140.
[20]李玉艳,张礼生,陈红印,等.烟蚜茧蜂滞育诱导的温光周期反应[J].应用昆虫学报.2013,50(3):718-726.
[21]Ragland G J,Denlinger D L,Hahn D A.Mechanisms of suspended animation are revealed by transcript profiling of diapause in the flesh fly[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Ssciences of the United States of America,2010,107(33):14909-14914.
[22]周淑香,鲁新,张国红,等.松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育诱导及解除条件研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(1):45-52.
[23]Gunie G,Lauge G.Effects of high temperatures recorded during diapause completion of(Trichogramma brassicae)prepupae(Hym:Trichogrammatidae),on the treated generation and its progeny[J].Entomophaga,1997,42(3):329-336.
[24]Tian K,Xu W H.High expression of PP2A-Aαis associated with diapause induction during the photoperiod-sensitive stage of the cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2013,59(6):588-594.
[25]黄明度,麦秀慧,吴伟南,等.荔枝蝽象卵寄生蜂一平腹小蜂Anastatus sp.的生物学及其应用的研究[J].昆虫学报,1974,17(4):362-275.
[26]韩海斌,姜珊,王建梅,等.伞裙追寄蝇滞育诱导的温光周期条件和低温贮藏[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(3):342-347.
[27]黄君霆.家蚕滞育分子机制的研究[J].蚕业科学,2003,29(1):1-6.
[28]Alvi S M,Momoi S.Environmental regulation and geographical adaptation of diapause in Cotesia plutellae(Hymenoptera:Braconidae),a parasitoid of the diamondback moth larvae[J].Applied Entomology and Zoology,1994,29(1):89-95.