大同市区及近郊夏季繁殖鸟类多样性研究
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摘要
2018年5-6月,在大同市及近郊布设了样线10条,共记录繁殖鸟83种,分属16目35科,占全省繁殖鸟类的45.6%。按照中国动物区系划分,大同市夏季的繁殖鸟类包括古北界种类47种,广布种33种,东洋界种类3种,呈现出以北方种类为主,其他多种区系成分相互渗透的特征,G-F指数为0.749。区域内典型生境包括湿地、树林、灌丛、草甸、农田、公园和居民区7种类型,湿地以43种鸟成为鸟种最多的生境,居民区鸟种最少,仅15种。不同生境的鸟类种类、多样性、均匀度和优势度差异较大。农田的多样性指数和均匀度指数最低,优势度指数最高;草甸的多样性指数和均匀度指数都较高,但优势度指数最低。通过7种生境的相似性系数发现,农田和居民区具有最高的相似系数,湿地和居民区相似系数最低。每种生境都有其自身的特点,保持多样的生境是维持本地区鸟类多样性的重要保证。
A survey on the summer breeding birds was carried out from May to June 2018 in Datong and its suburbs. During the investigation, 83 bird species which belong to 16 orders, 35 families were recorded in total, which are 45.6% breeders of whole province. According to the animal geographical region in China, 47 species belong to the Palaearctic Realm, 3 species belong to the Oriental Realm and 33 species belong to widespread. It obviously shows the fauna feature, which the northern birds is dominating species while other avifauna elements permeate each other. The G-F index was 0.749 in survey area. The typical habitats were divided into 7 types, including wetland, forest, bush, meadow, farm, park and community. The wetland with 43 avian species is the maximum value in all habitats; the community with 15 avian species is the minimum value in all habitats. The number of bird species, Diversity index(H'), Evenness index(J') and Dominance index(C) were varied extremely in different habitats. The values of H'and J'are the lowest in farm habitat, but the values of C is the highest. The values of H'and J'are higher in meadow habitat, but the values of C is the lowest. According to the Sorensen index of 7 typical habitats, the highest value of similarity is between farm and community, the lowest value of similarity is between wetland and community. The quantitative data indicates that the bird composition and community parameters in 7 habitats are different. Maintenance of diverse habitats can ensure the bird diversity at this regional scale.
A survey on the summer breeding birds was carried out from May to June 2018 in Datong and its suburbs. During the investigation, 83 bird species which belong to 16 orders, 35 families were recorded in total, which are 45.6% breeders of whole province. According to the animal geographical region in China, 47 species belong to the Palaearctic Realm, 3 species belong to the Oriental Realm and 33 species belong to widespread. It obviously shows the fauna feature, which the northern birds is dominating species while other avifauna elements permeate each other. The G-F index was 0.749 in survey area. The typical habitats were divided into 7 types, including wetland, forest, bush, meadow, farm, park and community. The wetland with 43 avian species is the maximum value in all habitats; the community with 15 avian species is the minimum value in all habitats. The number of bird species, Diversity index(H'), Evenness index(J') and Dominance index(C) were varied extremely in different habitats. The values of H'and J'are the lowest in farm habitat, but the values of C is the highest. The values of H'and J'are higher in meadow habitat, but the values of C is the lowest. According to the Sorensen index of 7 typical habitats, the highest value of similarity is between farm and community, the lowest value of similarity is between wetland and community. The quantitative data indicates that the bird composition and community parameters in 7 habitats are different. Maintenance of diverse habitats can ensure the bird diversity at this regional scale.
引文
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[3]Hadidian J,Sauer J,Swarth C,et al. A citywide breeding bird survey for Washington, D.C.[J]. Urban Ecosys,1997,1(2):87-102.
[4]Duelli P,Obrist M K. Biodiversity indicators:the choice of values and measures[J]. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2003,98:87-98.
[5]李慧,洪永密,邹发生,等.广州市中心城区公园鸟类多样性及季节动态[J].动物学研究,2008,29(02):203-211.
[6]章旭日,邵明勤,简敏菲.南昌市及近郊鸟类多样性和区系初步分析[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(04):458-462.
[7]景东东,王晓军,景慧玉,等.太原汾河湿地公园秋冬季鸟类多样性调查[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(07):18-21.
[8]王春,张智,赵明,等.山西灵丘黑鹳省级自然保护区冬季鸟类资源调查[J].现代农业科技,2010(21):343-344.
[9]樊龙锁.山西鸟类[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008:8-12.
[10]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M]. 3版.北京:科学出版社,2017:450-490.
[11]约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[12]蒋志刚,纪力强.鸟兽物种多样性测度的G-F指数方法[J].生物多样性,1999,7(03):61-66.
[13]李忠秋,蒋志刚,李春旺,等.陕西老县城自然保护区的鸟类多样性及G-F指数分析[J].动物学杂志,2006,41(01):32-42.
[14]程松林,毛夷仙,袁荣斌.江西武夷山-黄岗山西北坡森林繁殖鸟类多样性调查[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6963-6974.
[15]常玉霞,张浦修,刘富萍.山西省鸟类多样性分析[J].农业开发与装备,2017(08):37.
[16]解焱,李典谟,John MacKinnon.中国生物地理区划研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(10):1599-1615.
[17]Williams P. Measuring biodiversity value[J]. World Conservation,1996,96(1):12-14.
[18]刘恩斌.天目山自然保护区生物多样性的熵值测度研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(5):87-91.
[19]张雨薇,赵利军,许海珍,等.内蒙古中部地区湿地繁殖鸟类多样性调查[J].湿地科学,2014,12(06):703-708.
[20]陈甲红.山西洪洞汾河国家湿地公园春夏季鸟类资源调查[J].山西林业,2017(06):24-25.