柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系页岩气系统评价
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摘要
石炭系是柴达木盆地油气勘探的新层系,油气勘探程度低,但发育厚度大的高有机质丰度泥页岩,具有很好的页岩气资源潜力。通过对德令哈坳陷石炭系露头剖面进行实测和钻井岩心分析,明确石炭系泥页岩空间展布特征。测定样品有机地球化学参数、孔渗特征,并且进行等温吸附和渗流实验,分析其储集特征。结合德参1井盆地模拟分析,研究石炭系页岩气成藏事件,划分德令哈坳陷石炭系页岩气系统。研究表明:石炭系泥页岩广泛发育,埋深较大但未发生变质;泥页岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型,处于成熟—高成熟演化阶段;上石炭统泥页岩发育优于下石炭统;泥页岩表现为低孔低渗特征,孔隙度在1.89%~5.48%,渗透率为(0.115~2.7)×10-7μm2;上覆地层发育厚层泥页岩可以提供良好的盖层条件;古近纪末—现今为页岩气系统形成的关键时期;上石炭统克鲁克组钻遇天然气显示,证实了德令哈坳陷石炭系页岩气系统的存在。在泥页岩厚度、埋深、TOC含量、成熟度等条件综合评价基础上,将德令哈坳陷划分为德令哈页岩气系统与埃北页岩气系统。
As one of petroleum exploration frontier formations in Qaidam Basin,Carboniferous has great shale gas source potentialities but at a relatively immature exploration stage presently.Based on field geological survey and drilled well analyses,the distribution of Carboniferous shale for the Delingha depression in Qaidam Basin was clarified.The characteristics of organic geochemistry,porosity and permeability for Carboniferous shale samples were tested.We also made isothermal adsorption tests and seepage experiments for studying the shale accumulation conditions.Combined with basin modeling analysis of Well Decan 1,this paper evaluated Carboniferous shale gas system for the Delingha depression in Qaidam Basin.Carboniferous shale is widely distributed in the depression with various thickness and buried depth.Most shale has higher organic matter richness and organic matter types ofⅡ2and Ⅲ,and is at the thermal stage of maturity and high maturity.Upper Carboniferous shale has large thickness and organic matter richness than that of Lower Carboniferous.Carboniferous shale shows the reservoir characteristics of low porosity of 1.89%-5.48% and low permeability of(0.115-2.7)×10-7μm2.Thick shale of overlying formations provides favorable cap condition for Carboniferous shale gas.Basin modeling indicates that from the end of the Paleogene to present is the critical moment for the Carboniferous shale gas system in the Delingha depression.Natural gas shows of Keluke Group of Upper Carboniferous indicate that Carboniferous shale gas system exists in the Delingha depression.In light of shale thickness, buried depth, TOC,thermal maturity and other geological conditions comprehensive evaluation,this paper divided the Delingha depression into two shale gas systems,i.e.,Delingha shale gas system and Aibei shale gas system.
As one of petroleum exploration frontier formations in Qaidam Basin,Carboniferous has great shale gas source potentialities but at a relatively immature exploration stage presently.Based on field geological survey and drilled well analyses,the distribution of Carboniferous shale for the Delingha depression in Qaidam Basin was clarified.The characteristics of organic geochemistry,porosity and permeability for Carboniferous shale samples were tested.We also made isothermal adsorption tests and seepage experiments for studying the shale accumulation conditions.Combined with basin modeling analysis of Well Decan 1,this paper evaluated Carboniferous shale gas system for the Delingha depression in Qaidam Basin.Carboniferous shale is widely distributed in the depression with various thickness and buried depth.Most shale has higher organic matter richness and organic matter types ofⅡ2and Ⅲ,and is at the thermal stage of maturity and high maturity.Upper Carboniferous shale has large thickness and organic matter richness than that of Lower Carboniferous.Carboniferous shale shows the reservoir characteristics of low porosity of 1.89%-5.48% and low permeability of(0.115-2.7)×10-7μm2.Thick shale of overlying formations provides favorable cap condition for Carboniferous shale gas.Basin modeling indicates that from the end of the Paleogene to present is the critical moment for the Carboniferous shale gas system in the Delingha depression.Natural gas shows of Keluke Group of Upper Carboniferous indicate that Carboniferous shale gas system exists in the Delingha depression.In light of shale thickness, buried depth, TOC,thermal maturity and other geological conditions comprehensive evaluation,this paper divided the Delingha depression into two shale gas systems,i.e.,Delingha shale gas system and Aibei shale gas system.
引文
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[12]王香增,张金川,曹金舟,等.陆相页岩气资源评价初探:以延长直罗—下寺湾区中生界长7段为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):192-197.
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[14]张金川,聂海宽,徐波,等.四川盆地页岩气成藏地质条件[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):151-156.
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[16]郭旭升.南方海相页岩气“二元富集”规律:四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气勘探实践认识[J].地质学报,2014,88(7):1209-1218.
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[18]闫德宇,黄文辉,张金川.鄂尔多斯盆地海陆过渡相富有机质泥页岩特征及页岩气意义[J].地学前缘,2014,22(6):197-206.
[19]郭少斌,王义刚.鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系本溪组页岩气成藏条件及勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2013,34(3):445-452.
[20]曹代勇,王崇敬,李靖,等.煤系页岩气的基本特点与聚集规律[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(4):25-30.
[21]杨超,张金川,唐玄.鄂尔多斯盆地陆相页岩微观孔隙类型及对页岩气储渗的影响[J].地学前缘,2013,20(4):240-250.
[22]邵龙义,李猛,李永红,等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系页岩气地质特征及控制因素[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):311-322.
[23]赵文智,董大忠,李建忠,等.中国页岩气资源潜力及其在天然气未来发展中的地位[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(7):46-52.
[24]戴俊生,叶兴树,汤良杰,等.柴达木盆地构造分区及其油气远景[J].地质科学,2003,38(3):413-424.
[25]杨超,陈清华,任来义,等.柴达木盆地构造单元划分[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(1):25-33.
[26]甘贵元,严晓兰,赵东升,等.柴达木盆地德令哈断陷石油地质特征及勘探前景[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(5):499-503.
[27]彭德华,陈启林,陈迎宾.柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷基本地质特征与油气资源潜力评价[J].中国石油勘探,2006,6:45-50.
[28]陈志勇,肖安成,周苏平,等.柴达木盆地侏罗系分布的主控因素研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):149-155.
[29]仰云峰,饶丹,付小东,等.柴达木盆地北缘石炭系克鲁克组页岩气形成条件分析[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(6):692-697.
[30]刘成林,马寅生,周刚.柴达木盆地石炭系生烃证据[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):925-931.
[31]马寅生,尹成明,刘成林,等.柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源调查评价进展[J].地球学报,2012,33(2):135-144.
[32]葛岩,刘成林,谢英刚,等.柴达木盆地石炭系油气勘探前景[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(2):57-61.
[33]仰云峰,饶丹,付小东,等.柴达木盆地北缘石炭系克鲁克组页岩气形成条件分析[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(6):692-697.
[34]夏新宇,曾凡刚,洪峰.中国陆表海碳酸盐岩有机质的生烃潜力[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):287-292.
[35]王传刚,王毅,许化政,等.论鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界烃源岩的成藏演化特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):38-50.
[36]Loucks R G,Ruppel S C.Mississippian Barnett Shale:Lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gassuccession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91:579-601.
[37]Curtis M E,Cardott B J,Sondergeld C H,et al.Development of organic porosity in the Woodford Shale with increasing thermal maturity[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,103:26-31.
[38]张建良,钟建华,李亚辉,等.柴达木盆地东部石炭系石油地质条件及油气勘探前景[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(2):144-149.
[39]禚元杰.柴东德令哈坳陷石炭系构造特征研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2009.
[40]狄恒恕,王松贵.柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代构造演化探讨[J].地球科学,1991,16(5):533-539.
[41]胡授权,郭文平,曹运江,等.柴达木盆地北缘构造格局及在中、新生代的演化[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(1):13-16.
[42]苏妮娜,金振奎,宋璠,等.柴达木盆地古近系沉积相研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(3):1-8.
[2]Curtis J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[3]刘成林,刘人和,门相勇,等.非常规油气资源[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:193-211.
[4]Pollastro R M.Total petroleum system assessment of undiscovered resources in the giant Barnett Shale continuous(unconventional)gas accumulation,Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):551-578.
[5]Romero A M,Philp R P.Organic geochemistry of the Woodford Shale,southeastern Oklahoma:How variable can shales be[J]?AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(3):493-517.
[6]Mastalerz M,Schimmelmann A,Drobniak A,et al.Porosity of Devonian and Mississippian New Albany Shale across a maturation gradient:Insights from organic petrology,gas adsorption,and mercury intrusion[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(10):1621-1643.
[7]Houseknecht D W,Rouse W A,Paxton S T,et al.Upper Devonian-Mississippian stratigraphic framework of the Arkoma Basin and distribution of potential source-rock facies in the Woodford-Chattanooga and Fayetteville-Caney shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2014,98(9):1739-1759.
[8]张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):109-114.
[9]Hao F,Zou H,Lu Y.Mechanisms of shale gas storage:Implications for shale gas exploration in China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(8):1325-1346.
[10]董大忠,邹才能,杨桦,等.中国页岩气勘探开发进展与发展前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊1):107-114.
[11]李建忠,李登华,董大忠,等.中美页岩气成藏条件、分布特征差异研究与启示[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):56-63.
[12]王香增,张金川,曹金舟,等.陆相页岩气资源评价初探:以延长直罗—下寺湾区中生界长7段为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):192-197.
[13]李玉喜,张金川,姜生玲,等.页岩气地质综合评价和目标优选[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):332-338.
[14]张金川,聂海宽,徐波,等.四川盆地页岩气成藏地质条件[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):151-156.
[15]邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.
[16]郭旭升.南方海相页岩气“二元富集”规律:四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气勘探实践认识[J].地质学报,2014,88(7):1209-1218.
[17]周东升,许林峰,潘继平.扬子地块上二叠统龙潭组页岩气勘探前景[J].天然气工业,2012,32(12):6-10.
[18]闫德宇,黄文辉,张金川.鄂尔多斯盆地海陆过渡相富有机质泥页岩特征及页岩气意义[J].地学前缘,2014,22(6):197-206.
[19]郭少斌,王义刚.鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系本溪组页岩气成藏条件及勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2013,34(3):445-452.
[20]曹代勇,王崇敬,李靖,等.煤系页岩气的基本特点与聚集规律[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(4):25-30.
[21]杨超,张金川,唐玄.鄂尔多斯盆地陆相页岩微观孔隙类型及对页岩气储渗的影响[J].地学前缘,2013,20(4):240-250.
[22]邵龙义,李猛,李永红,等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系页岩气地质特征及控制因素[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):311-322.
[23]赵文智,董大忠,李建忠,等.中国页岩气资源潜力及其在天然气未来发展中的地位[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(7):46-52.
[24]戴俊生,叶兴树,汤良杰,等.柴达木盆地构造分区及其油气远景[J].地质科学,2003,38(3):413-424.
[25]杨超,陈清华,任来义,等.柴达木盆地构造单元划分[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(1):25-33.
[26]甘贵元,严晓兰,赵东升,等.柴达木盆地德令哈断陷石油地质特征及勘探前景[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(5):499-503.
[27]彭德华,陈启林,陈迎宾.柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷基本地质特征与油气资源潜力评价[J].中国石油勘探,2006,6:45-50.
[28]陈志勇,肖安成,周苏平,等.柴达木盆地侏罗系分布的主控因素研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):149-155.
[29]仰云峰,饶丹,付小东,等.柴达木盆地北缘石炭系克鲁克组页岩气形成条件分析[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(6):692-697.
[30]刘成林,马寅生,周刚.柴达木盆地石炭系生烃证据[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):925-931.
[31]马寅生,尹成明,刘成林,等.柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源调查评价进展[J].地球学报,2012,33(2):135-144.
[32]葛岩,刘成林,谢英刚,等.柴达木盆地石炭系油气勘探前景[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(2):57-61.
[33]仰云峰,饶丹,付小东,等.柴达木盆地北缘石炭系克鲁克组页岩气形成条件分析[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(6):692-697.
[34]夏新宇,曾凡刚,洪峰.中国陆表海碳酸盐岩有机质的生烃潜力[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):287-292.
[35]王传刚,王毅,许化政,等.论鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界烃源岩的成藏演化特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):38-50.
[36]Loucks R G,Ruppel S C.Mississippian Barnett Shale:Lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gassuccession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91:579-601.
[37]Curtis M E,Cardott B J,Sondergeld C H,et al.Development of organic porosity in the Woodford Shale with increasing thermal maturity[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,103:26-31.
[38]张建良,钟建华,李亚辉,等.柴达木盆地东部石炭系石油地质条件及油气勘探前景[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(2):144-149.
[39]禚元杰.柴东德令哈坳陷石炭系构造特征研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2009.
[40]狄恒恕,王松贵.柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代构造演化探讨[J].地球科学,1991,16(5):533-539.
[41]胡授权,郭文平,曹运江,等.柴达木盆地北缘构造格局及在中、新生代的演化[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(1):13-16.
[42]苏妮娜,金振奎,宋璠,等.柴达木盆地古近系沉积相研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(3):1-8.