观景距离和光照条件对黄栌林景观色彩的影响
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摘要
为分析观景距离和光照条件对景观色彩呈现的影响,以八达岭国家森林公园红叶岭黄栌森林景观为研究对象,通过利用在不同观景距离、光照条件下拍摄的照片,设计试验,定量提取并计算HSV色彩,进行显著性检验等。结果表明:1)观景距离对景观色彩影响的试验中,Friedman秩和检验色彩全分量P值均远大于显著性水平α=0.05,色彩分量占比差值的T检验均以P值小于α=0.05拒绝μ≥0.1的原假设,即观景距离对森林景观色彩无明显影响。2)光照条件对景观色彩影响的试验中,Friedman检验全分量统计量均小于χ_(0.05)~2(12-1)=4.575,色相分量占比差值以92%的比例拒绝T检验的原假设μ≥0.1,彩度分量和明度分量分别以33%和27%的比例接受原假设μ≥0.1,即光照条件对景观色彩的色相分量无明显影响,对彩度和明度分量影响较大。3)本研究提出了使用色彩占比差值实施T检验的方法,对森林景观呈现进行定量分析,否定了观景距离、光照条件等客观因素对森林景观色彩呈现有较大影响的感性观点,为景观美学进一步研究提供了理论依据。
Forest landscape of Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea in Hongyeling in Badaling National Forest Park was studied to analyze effects of viewing distance and light conditions on landscape color rendering. Pictures taken under different viewing distances and lighting conditions were used, two experiment modes were designed, quantitative extraction and calculation of HSV color were made,and significance test were conducted. The results were shown below. 1) In the experiment of the influence of viewing distance on landscape color, p-value of the Friedman rank sum test was far greater than the significance level α=0.05, and the T test p-value of the difference of the color component ratio was smaller than α=0.05, rejecting the null hypothesis μ ≥ 0.1; That is, the viewing distance has no obvious influence on the color of the forest landscape. 2) In the experiment of the influence of light conditions on landscape color, the statistics of Friedman test was smaller than χ_(0.05)~2(12-1)=4.575, the null hypothesis of T test was rejected by 92% hue component, what's more, 33% saturation and 27% value component accepted the null hypothesis μ ≥ 0.1 respectively; In a word, lighting conditions had no significant effect on the hue components of the landscape color, and had some impact on the saturation and value components. 3) This study proposes a method of performing T-test using the difference in color ratio, the forest landscape presentation was quantitatively analyzed, the perceptual view that objective factors such as viewing distance and illumination conditions have a greater impact on the color of forest landscape was negated, and the findings provides a theoretical basis in aesthetics.
Forest landscape of Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea in Hongyeling in Badaling National Forest Park was studied to analyze effects of viewing distance and light conditions on landscape color rendering. Pictures taken under different viewing distances and lighting conditions were used, two experiment modes were designed, quantitative extraction and calculation of HSV color were made,and significance test were conducted. The results were shown below. 1) In the experiment of the influence of viewing distance on landscape color, p-value of the Friedman rank sum test was far greater than the significance level α=0.05, and the T test p-value of the difference of the color component ratio was smaller than α=0.05, rejecting the null hypothesis μ ≥ 0.1; That is, the viewing distance has no obvious influence on the color of the forest landscape. 2) In the experiment of the influence of light conditions on landscape color, the statistics of Friedman test was smaller than χ_(0.05)~2(12-1)=4.575, the null hypothesis of T test was rejected by 92% hue component, what's more, 33% saturation and 27% value component accepted the null hypothesis μ ≥ 0.1 respectively; In a word, lighting conditions had no significant effect on the hue components of the landscape color, and had some impact on the saturation and value components. 3) This study proposes a method of performing T-test using the difference in color ratio, the forest landscape presentation was quantitatively analyzed, the perceptual view that objective factors such as viewing distance and illumination conditions have a greater impact on the color of forest landscape was negated, and the findings provides a theoretical basis in aesthetics.
引文
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[24]王晋华.植物叶色色彩定量分析与景观表达[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2012.
[25]孙亚美.北京地区常用秋色叶树种色彩量化与评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[26]祝振敏,张永贤,金小龙,等.光源光强对颜色对比度的影响研究[J].华东交通大学学报,2013,30(1):1-4.
[27]杨春宇,梁树英,张青文.城市色彩的观测方法与影响因素研究[J].灯与照明,2011,25(4):1-5.
[28]曹文琦.计算机视觉模型中色彩视错觉的定量研究及应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.
[29]顾金梅,吴雪梅,陈永安,等.光照强度对烟叶颜色特征向量的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(2):322-326.
[2]HOYLE H,HITCHMOUGH J,JORGENSEN A.All about the‘wow factor’?The relationships between aesthetics,restorative effect and perceived biodiversity in designed urban planting[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2017,164:109-123.
[3]HARTIG T,EVANS G W,JAMNER L D,et al.Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2003,23(2):109-123.
[4]WILKIE S,CLEMENTS H.Further exploration of environment preference and environment type congruence on restoration and perceived restoration potential[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2017.
[5]朱菲.基于景观色彩和视觉敏感度的高速公路景观要素设计[D].西安:长安大学,2013.
[6]裴丽佳.成渝高速龙泉西段春季植物色彩配置研究[D].成都:四川师范大学,2017.
[7]陈熊婉君.城市湿地公园景观色彩应用研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015.
[8]王美吉.城市湿地公园色彩规划设计研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[9]WEI HUANG,HUI LIN.Optimal Design of Earth Landscape Colors Based on Beautiful Countryside[J].Asian Agricultural Research,2017,9(5):66-68,73.
[10]杨潇怡.长沙市彩叶植物园林应用的色彩与景观分析[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[11]李霞.园林植物色彩对人的生理和心理的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[12]刘江.自然风景区的景观环境色彩设计分析与研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[13]刘毅娟.苏州古典园林色彩体系的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[14]杨宝仪.色彩分析在园林植物搭配上的应用初步研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[15]毛斌,彭立群,李乐,等.侧柏风景林美景度的林内色彩斑块非线性模型研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(7):68-75.
[16]郑宇,张炜琪,吴倩楠,等.陕西金丝大峡谷国家森林公园秋季景观林色彩量化研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(3):275-280.
[17]张喆.基于公众响应评价的森林色彩特征及其影响研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2017.
[18]李少宁,鲁绍伟,刘斌,等.北京主要绿化树种叶表面微形态与PM2.5吸滞能力[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(8):98-107.
[19]孙鹏,李金航,刘海轩,等.黄栌根系结构与个体健康程度的关系[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(2):20-27.
[20]SMITH A R.Color gamut transform pairs[J].Acm Siggraph Computer Graphics,1978,12(3):12-19.
[21]CHEN X JIA.APPLICATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONALQUANTISED COLOUR HISTOGRAM IN COLOUR IMAGERETRIEVAL[J].Computer Applications&Software,2012,29(9):31-22.
[22]SMITH J R.Integrated spatial and feature image systems:Retrieval,analysis and compression[D].Columbia:Columbia University,1997.
[23]车生泉,寿晓明.日照对园林植物色彩视觉的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2010,28(2):166-170.
[24]王晋华.植物叶色色彩定量分析与景观表达[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2012.
[25]孙亚美.北京地区常用秋色叶树种色彩量化与评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[26]祝振敏,张永贤,金小龙,等.光源光强对颜色对比度的影响研究[J].华东交通大学学报,2013,30(1):1-4.
[27]杨春宇,梁树英,张青文.城市色彩的观测方法与影响因素研究[J].灯与照明,2011,25(4):1-5.
[28]曹文琦.计算机视觉模型中色彩视错觉的定量研究及应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.
[29]顾金梅,吴雪梅,陈永安,等.光照强度对烟叶颜色特征向量的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(2):322-326.
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