混合治理:全球产业治理的一个分析框架
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摘要
传统全球产业链治理的理论主要关注私人行为体主导治理的功能,然而有必要重新审视国家行为体在全球产业治理中的重要作用。全球产业治理呈现出从私人治理走向由跨国公司、多元利益相关者和国家构成多元治理主体的混合治理趋势。本文建立了全球产业治理的一个基本分析框架,对全球产业中私人行为体和国家行为体的治理作用进行梳理,厘清全球产业混合治理中行为体的互动关系,分析全球产业混合治理的未来发展趋势,以提出中国参与全球产业治理的策略。
引文
(1)陈伟光:《全球治理与全球经济治理若干问题的思考》,《教学与研究》2014年第2期。
(2)J.Bair & G.Gereffi, Local Clusters in Global Chains: The Causes and Consequences of Export Dynamism in Torreon's Blue Jeans Industry, World Development, Vol.29 (11), 2001, p.885.
(3)J.F.Green, Rethinking Private Authority: Agents and Entrepreneurs in Global Environmental Governance, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.
(4)M.P.Dallas, “Governed Trade”: Global Value Chains, Firms, and the Heterogeneity of Trade in an Era of Fragmented Production, Review of International Political Economy, Vol.22, 2015, p.875.
(5)T.Bartley, Institutional Emergence in an Era of Globalization: The Rise of Transnational Private Regulation of Labor and Environmental Standards, American Journal of Sociology, Vol.13, 2007, p.297.
(6)M.Kahler, Orthodoxy and Its Alternatives: Explaining Approaches to Stablization and Adjustment, in J.Nelson (ed.), The Politics of Economic Adjustment in Developing Nations, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp.33-62.
(7)S.Helin & M.Babri, Travelling with a Code of Ethics: A Contextual Study of a Swedish MNC Auditing a Chinese Supplier, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.107, 2015, p.41.
(8)T.Lan & J.Pickles, China's New Labour Contract Law: State Regulation and Worker Rights in Global Production Networks, https://globalvaluechains. org/sites/globalvaluechains.org/files/publications/ctg-wp-2011-5.pdf.[2018-07-18]
(9)N.Phillips & L.Sakamoto, Global Production Networks, Chronic Poverty and “Slave Labour” in Brazil, Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol.47, 2012, p.287.
(10)F.Mayer & G.Gereffi, Regulation and Economic Globalization: Prospects and Limits of Private Governance, Business and Politics, Vol.12, 2010, p.1.
(11)[美]卡尔·萨旺:《全球治理的新动态:国际生产体系扩张对全球微观治理框架的影响》,《国际经济评论》2018年第1期。
(12)王仁荣:《跨国公司跨境并购法律问题研究》,复旦大学民商法专业博士论文,2012年。
(13)B.Eberlein, K.W.Abbott, J.Black, E.Meidinger & S.Wood, Transnational Business Governance Interactions: Conceptualization and Framework for Analysis, Regulation & Governance, Vol.8, 2014, p.1.
(14)C.A.Brandi, Sustainability Standards and Sustainable Development: Synergies and Trade-offs of Transnational Governance, Sustainable Development, Vol.25, 2017, p.25.
(15)K.W.Abbott & D.Snidal, The Governance Triangle: Regulatory Standards Institutions and the Shadow of the State, in W.Mattli & N.Woods (eds.), The Politics of Global Regulation, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009, pp.44-88.
(16)G.Gereffi, J.Humphrey & T.J.Sturgeon, The Governance of Global Value Chains, Review of International Political Economy, Vol.12, 2005, p.78.
(17)S.Ponte, Governing through Quality: Conventions and Supply Relations in the Value Chain for South African Wine, Sociologia Ruralis, Vol.39, 2009, p.236.
(18)S.Ouma, Global Standards, Local Realities: Private Agrifood Governance and the Restructuring of the Kenyan Horticulture Industry, Economic Geography, Vol.86, 2010, p.197.
(19)S.Ponte & P.Gibbon, Quality Standards, Conventions and the Governance of Global Value Chains, Economy and Society, Vol.34, 2005, p.1.
(20)D.Calton, P.H.Werhane, L.P.Hartman & D.Bevan, Building Partnerships to Create Social and Economic Value at the Base of the Global Development Pyramid, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.117, 2013, p.721.
(21)V.Haufler, Global Governance and the Private Sector, in C.May (ed.), Global Corporate Power: International Political Economy Yearbook, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2006, pp.85-103.
(22)K.H.Eller, Private Governance of Global Value Chains from within: Lessons from and for Transnational Law, Transnational Legal Theory, Vol.8, 2017, p.296.
(23)A.G.Scherer & G.Palazzo, The New Political Role of Business in a Globalized World: A Review of a New Perspective on CSR and Its Implications for the Firm, Governance, and Democracy, Journal of Management Studies, Vol.48, 2011, p.899.
(24)K.Raustiala & D.G.Victor, The Regime Complex for Plant Genetic Resources, International Organization, Vol.58, 2004, p.277.
(25)D.Calton, P.H.Werhane, L.P.Hartman & D.Bevan, Building Partnerships to Create Social and Economic Value at the Base of the Global Development Pyramid, 2013, p.721.J.Pinkse & A.Kolk, Addressing the Climate Change-Sustainable Development Nexus: The Role of Multistakeholder Partnerships, Business & Society, Vol.51, 2012, p.176.
(26)T.Bulut & C.Lane, The Private Regulation of Labour Standards and Rights in the Global Clothing Industry: An Evaluation of Its Effectiveness in Two Developing Countries, New Political Economy, Vol.16, 2011, p.41.M.Anner, Corporate Social Responsibility and Freedom of Association Rights: The Precarious Quest for Legitimacy and Control in Global Supply Chains, Politics & Society, Vol.40, 2012, p.609.
(27)S.Mohan, S.Khorana & H.Choudhury, Why Developing Countries Have Failed to Increase Their Exports of Agricultural Processed Products, Economic Affairs, Vol.33, 2013, p.48.
(28)J.Neilson, B.Pritchard & H.W.C.Yeung, Global Value Chains and Global Production Networks in the Changing International Political Economy, Review of International Political Economy, Vol.21, 2014, p.1.
(29)T.Bartley, Institutional Emergence in an Era of Globalization: The Rise of Transnational Private Regulation of Labor and Environmental Standards, 2007, p.297.
(30)F.Mayer & G.Gereffi, Regulation and Economic Globalization: Prospects and Limits of Private Governance, 2010, p.1.J.Esbenshade, A Review of Private Regulation: Codes and Monitoring in the Apparel Industry, Sociology Compass, Vol.6, 2012, p.541.G.LeBaron & J.Lister, Benchmarking Global Supply Chains: The Power of the “Ethical Audit” Regime, Review of International Studies, Vol.41, 2015, p.905.
(31)J.Bair, Contextualising Compliance: Hybrid Governance in Global Value Chain, New Political Economy, Vol.22, 2017, p.169.
(32)N.Phillips, R.Bhaskaran, D.Nathan & C.Upendranadh, The Social Foundations of Global Production Networks: Towards a Global Political Economy of Child Labour, Third World Quarterly, Vol.35, 2014, p.428.
(33)J.Bair, Contextualising Compliance: Hybrid Governance in Global Value Chain, 2017, p.169.
(34)K.J.Alter & S.Meunier, The Politics of International Regime Complexity, Perspectives on Politics,Vol.7,2009,p.13.T.Gehring & S.Oberthur, The Causal Mechanisms of Interaction between International Institutions, European Journal of International Relations, Vol.15, 2009, p.125.
(35)K.W.Abbott & D.Snidal, The Governance Triangle: Regulatory Standards Institutions and the Shadow of the State, 2009, pp.44-88.
(36)B.Eberlein, K.W.Abbott,J. Black, E.Meidinger & S.Wood, Transnational Business Governance Interactions: Conceptualization and Framework for Analysis, 2014, p.1.
(37)T.Bartley, Transnational Governance as the Layering of Rules: Intersections of Public and Private Standards, Theoretical Inquiries in Law, Vol.12, 2011, p.517.
(38)[美]詹姆斯·罗西瑙:《全球新秩序中的治理》,戴维·赫尔德、安东尼·麦克格鲁主编:《治理全球化:权力、权威与全球治理》,曹荣湘、龙虎等译,社会科学文献出版社,2004年,第75页。
(39)C.Overdevest, Comparing Forest Certification Schemes: The Case of Ratcheting Standards in the Forest Sector, Socio-Economic Review, Vol.8, 2010, p.47.
(40)PEFC是由几个欧洲国家和美国、加拿大的土地拥有者群体发起的对FSC形成替代的产业方案。其从1999年开始逐步发展成为国际伞形组织。PEFC开始仅是一个欧洲组织,但在2003年以后接受产业赞助的国家森林认证标准的评估和相互承认,从而成为真正的伞形组织,扩展到世界其他地区。
(41)L.H.Gulbrandsen, Dynamic Governance Interactions: Evolutionary Effects of State Responses to Non-state Certification Programs, Regulation & Governance, Vol.8, 2014, p.74.
(42)翁仕洪:《跨国行为体和没有政府的全球治理》,《学术月刊》2016年第2期。
(43)任洪生:《制度互动、权力互动与跨国森林治理》,《东岳论丛》2017年第8期。
(44)O.R.Young, Institutional Linkages in International Society: Polar Perspectives, Global Governance, Vol.2, 1996, p.1.
(45)C.Overdevest & J.Zeitlin, Assembling an Experimentalist Regime: Transnational Governance Interactions in the Forest Sector, Regulation & Governance, Vol.8, 2014, p.22.
(46)B.Cashore & M.Stone, Does California Need Delaware? Explaining Indonesian, Chinese, And United States Support for Legality Compliance of Internationally Traded Products, Regulation & Governance, Vol.8, 2014, p.49.
(47)T.Bartley, Transnational Governance and the Re-centered State: Sustainability or Legality? Regulation & Governance, Vol.8, 2014, p.93.
(48)K.Dingwerth & P.Pattberg, World Politics and Organizational Fields: The Case of Transnational Sustainability Governance, European Journal of International Relations, Vol.15, 2009, p.707.
(49)L.H.Gulbrandsen, Dynamic Governance Interactions: Evolutionary Effects of State Responses to Non-state Certification Programs, 2014, p.74.
(50)L.Albareda & S.Waddock, Networked CSR Governance: A Whole Network Approach to Mega-governance, Business & Society, Vol.57, 2018, p.636.
(51)徐秀军:《中国参与全球经济治理的路径选择》,《国际问题研究》2017年第6期。
(2)J.Bair & G.Gereffi, Local Clusters in Global Chains: The Causes and Consequences of Export Dynamism in Torreon's Blue Jeans Industry, World Development, Vol.29 (11), 2001, p.885.
(3)J.F.Green, Rethinking Private Authority: Agents and Entrepreneurs in Global Environmental Governance, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.
(4)M.P.Dallas, “Governed Trade”: Global Value Chains, Firms, and the Heterogeneity of Trade in an Era of Fragmented Production, Review of International Political Economy, Vol.22, 2015, p.875.
(5)T.Bartley, Institutional Emergence in an Era of Globalization: The Rise of Transnational Private Regulation of Labor and Environmental Standards, American Journal of Sociology, Vol.13, 2007, p.297.
(6)M.Kahler, Orthodoxy and Its Alternatives: Explaining Approaches to Stablization and Adjustment, in J.Nelson (ed.), The Politics of Economic Adjustment in Developing Nations, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp.33-62.
(7)S.Helin & M.Babri, Travelling with a Code of Ethics: A Contextual Study of a Swedish MNC Auditing a Chinese Supplier, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.107, 2015, p.41.
(8)T.Lan & J.Pickles, China's New Labour Contract Law: State Regulation and Worker Rights in Global Production Networks, https://globalvaluechains. org/sites/globalvaluechains.org/files/publications/ctg-wp-2011-5.pdf.[2018-07-18]
(9)N.Phillips & L.Sakamoto, Global Production Networks, Chronic Poverty and “Slave Labour” in Brazil, Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol.47, 2012, p.287.
(10)F.Mayer & G.Gereffi, Regulation and Economic Globalization: Prospects and Limits of Private Governance, Business and Politics, Vol.12, 2010, p.1.
(11)[美]卡尔·萨旺:《全球治理的新动态:国际生产体系扩张对全球微观治理框架的影响》,《国际经济评论》2018年第1期。
(12)王仁荣:《跨国公司跨境并购法律问题研究》,复旦大学民商法专业博士论文,2012年。
(13)B.Eberlein, K.W.Abbott, J.Black, E.Meidinger & S.Wood, Transnational Business Governance Interactions: Conceptualization and Framework for Analysis, Regulation & Governance, Vol.8, 2014, p.1.
(14)C.A.Brandi, Sustainability Standards and Sustainable Development: Synergies and Trade-offs of Transnational Governance, Sustainable Development, Vol.25, 2017, p.25.
(15)K.W.Abbott & D.Snidal, The Governance Triangle: Regulatory Standards Institutions and the Shadow of the State, in W.Mattli & N.Woods (eds.), The Politics of Global Regulation, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009, pp.44-88.
(16)G.Gereffi, J.Humphrey & T.J.Sturgeon, The Governance of Global Value Chains, Review of International Political Economy, Vol.12, 2005, p.78.
(17)S.Ponte, Governing through Quality: Conventions and Supply Relations in the Value Chain for South African Wine, Sociologia Ruralis, Vol.39, 2009, p.236.
(18)S.Ouma, Global Standards, Local Realities: Private Agrifood Governance and the Restructuring of the Kenyan Horticulture Industry, Economic Geography, Vol.86, 2010, p.197.
(19)S.Ponte & P.Gibbon, Quality Standards, Conventions and the Governance of Global Value Chains, Economy and Society, Vol.34, 2005, p.1.
(20)D.Calton, P.H.Werhane, L.P.Hartman & D.Bevan, Building Partnerships to Create Social and Economic Value at the Base of the Global Development Pyramid, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.117, 2013, p.721.
(21)V.Haufler, Global Governance and the Private Sector, in C.May (ed.), Global Corporate Power: International Political Economy Yearbook, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2006, pp.85-103.
(22)K.H.Eller, Private Governance of Global Value Chains from within: Lessons from and for Transnational Law, Transnational Legal Theory, Vol.8, 2017, p.296.
(23)A.G.Scherer & G.Palazzo, The New Political Role of Business in a Globalized World: A Review of a New Perspective on CSR and Its Implications for the Firm, Governance, and Democracy, Journal of Management Studies, Vol.48, 2011, p.899.
(24)K.Raustiala & D.G.Victor, The Regime Complex for Plant Genetic Resources, International Organization, Vol.58, 2004, p.277.
(25)D.Calton, P.H.Werhane, L.P.Hartman & D.Bevan, Building Partnerships to Create Social and Economic Value at the Base of the Global Development Pyramid, 2013, p.721.J.Pinkse & A.Kolk, Addressing the Climate Change-Sustainable Development Nexus: The Role of Multistakeholder Partnerships, Business & Society, Vol.51, 2012, p.176.
(26)T.Bulut & C.Lane, The Private Regulation of Labour Standards and Rights in the Global Clothing Industry: An Evaluation of Its Effectiveness in Two Developing Countries, New Political Economy, Vol.16, 2011, p.41.M.Anner, Corporate Social Responsibility and Freedom of Association Rights: The Precarious Quest for Legitimacy and Control in Global Supply Chains, Politics & Society, Vol.40, 2012, p.609.
(27)S.Mohan, S.Khorana & H.Choudhury, Why Developing Countries Have Failed to Increase Their Exports of Agricultural Processed Products, Economic Affairs, Vol.33, 2013, p.48.
(28)J.Neilson, B.Pritchard & H.W.C.Yeung, Global Value Chains and Global Production Networks in the Changing International Political Economy, Review of International Political Economy, Vol.21, 2014, p.1.
(29)T.Bartley, Institutional Emergence in an Era of Globalization: The Rise of Transnational Private Regulation of Labor and Environmental Standards, 2007, p.297.
(30)F.Mayer & G.Gereffi, Regulation and Economic Globalization: Prospects and Limits of Private Governance, 2010, p.1.J.Esbenshade, A Review of Private Regulation: Codes and Monitoring in the Apparel Industry, Sociology Compass, Vol.6, 2012, p.541.G.LeBaron & J.Lister, Benchmarking Global Supply Chains: The Power of the “Ethical Audit” Regime, Review of International Studies, Vol.41, 2015, p.905.
(31)J.Bair, Contextualising Compliance: Hybrid Governance in Global Value Chain, New Political Economy, Vol.22, 2017, p.169.
(32)N.Phillips, R.Bhaskaran, D.Nathan & C.Upendranadh, The Social Foundations of Global Production Networks: Towards a Global Political Economy of Child Labour, Third World Quarterly, Vol.35, 2014, p.428.
(33)J.Bair, Contextualising Compliance: Hybrid Governance in Global Value Chain, 2017, p.169.
(34)K.J.Alter & S.Meunier, The Politics of International Regime Complexity, Perspectives on Politics,Vol.7,2009,p.13.T.Gehring & S.Oberthur, The Causal Mechanisms of Interaction between International Institutions, European Journal of International Relations, Vol.15, 2009, p.125.
(35)K.W.Abbott & D.Snidal, The Governance Triangle: Regulatory Standards Institutions and the Shadow of the State, 2009, pp.44-88.
(36)B.Eberlein, K.W.Abbott,J. Black, E.Meidinger & S.Wood, Transnational Business Governance Interactions: Conceptualization and Framework for Analysis, 2014, p.1.
(37)T.Bartley, Transnational Governance as the Layering of Rules: Intersections of Public and Private Standards, Theoretical Inquiries in Law, Vol.12, 2011, p.517.
(38)[美]詹姆斯·罗西瑙:《全球新秩序中的治理》,戴维·赫尔德、安东尼·麦克格鲁主编:《治理全球化:权力、权威与全球治理》,曹荣湘、龙虎等译,社会科学文献出版社,2004年,第75页。
(39)C.Overdevest, Comparing Forest Certification Schemes: The Case of Ratcheting Standards in the Forest Sector, Socio-Economic Review, Vol.8, 2010, p.47.
(40)PEFC是由几个欧洲国家和美国、加拿大的土地拥有者群体发起的对FSC形成替代的产业方案。其从1999年开始逐步发展成为国际伞形组织。PEFC开始仅是一个欧洲组织,但在2003年以后接受产业赞助的国家森林认证标准的评估和相互承认,从而成为真正的伞形组织,扩展到世界其他地区。
(41)L.H.Gulbrandsen, Dynamic Governance Interactions: Evolutionary Effects of State Responses to Non-state Certification Programs, Regulation & Governance, Vol.8, 2014, p.74.
(42)翁仕洪:《跨国行为体和没有政府的全球治理》,《学术月刊》2016年第2期。
(43)任洪生:《制度互动、权力互动与跨国森林治理》,《东岳论丛》2017年第8期。
(44)O.R.Young, Institutional Linkages in International Society: Polar Perspectives, Global Governance, Vol.2, 1996, p.1.
(45)C.Overdevest & J.Zeitlin, Assembling an Experimentalist Regime: Transnational Governance Interactions in the Forest Sector, Regulation & Governance, Vol.8, 2014, p.22.
(46)B.Cashore & M.Stone, Does California Need Delaware? Explaining Indonesian, Chinese, And United States Support for Legality Compliance of Internationally Traded Products, Regulation & Governance, Vol.8, 2014, p.49.
(47)T.Bartley, Transnational Governance and the Re-centered State: Sustainability or Legality? Regulation & Governance, Vol.8, 2014, p.93.
(48)K.Dingwerth & P.Pattberg, World Politics and Organizational Fields: The Case of Transnational Sustainability Governance, European Journal of International Relations, Vol.15, 2009, p.707.
(49)L.H.Gulbrandsen, Dynamic Governance Interactions: Evolutionary Effects of State Responses to Non-state Certification Programs, 2014, p.74.
(50)L.Albareda & S.Waddock, Networked CSR Governance: A Whole Network Approach to Mega-governance, Business & Society, Vol.57, 2018, p.636.
(51)徐秀军:《中国参与全球经济治理的路径选择》,《国际问题研究》2017年第6期。
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