预充电开关投切并联电容器合闸涌流抑制技术
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摘要
电网中投入并联电容器时会产生合闸涌流,过大合闸涌流会诱发断路器分闸时的重击穿,危害电力系统的稳定运行,缩短用电设备的使用寿命。为此,提出一种预充电开关投切电容器的策略来抑制电容器投入电网时产生的合闸涌流,理论分析了预充电开关投切电容器的工作原理;提出了预充电开关投切电容器的电路模型;借助PSCAD仿真软件对预充电开关投切策略进行仿真验证,并分析了断路器的合闸时间分散性对合闸涌流抑制效果的影响。仿真结果表明,预充电开关投切电容器策略可以有效抑制合闸涌流,在准确合闸时可以将三相涌流分别减小至1.12 p.u.、1.73 p.u.和1.25 p.u.,A相的合闸涌流可降低约70%,采用预充电开关投切电容器也大大缩短了合闸暂态过程持续的时间,证明了预充电开关投切策略的有效性。
When the shunt capacitors switched on in the power grid,high inrush current will occur and may cause restrikes of circuit breakers when switching off. The restrikes will harm the stability of the power system and shorten the working life of electrical equipment. A precharge-switch switching strategy is proposed to suppress the inrush current caused by capacitor switching on. The working principle of precharge-switch switching capacitors was theoretically analyzed,and the circuit model was proposed. A PSCAD simulation model was built to validate the proposed precharge-switch swtiching strategy,the closing time scatter of the vacuum circuit breaker was taken into consideration as well. The simulation results show that the inrush currents of three phase can be limited to 1. 12,1. 73 and 1. 25 p. u.. The inrush current of A phase is reduced by about 70%,and the duration time of closing transient is sharply shortened. Thereby validate the effectiveness of the proposed precharge-switch switching strategy.
When the shunt capacitors switched on in the power grid,high inrush current will occur and may cause restrikes of circuit breakers when switching off. The restrikes will harm the stability of the power system and shorten the working life of electrical equipment. A precharge-switch switching strategy is proposed to suppress the inrush current caused by capacitor switching on. The working principle of precharge-switch switching capacitors was theoretically analyzed,and the circuit model was proposed. A PSCAD simulation model was built to validate the proposed precharge-switch swtiching strategy,the closing time scatter of the vacuum circuit breaker was taken into consideration as well. The simulation results show that the inrush currents of three phase can be limited to 1. 12,1. 73 and 1. 25 p. u.. The inrush current of A phase is reduced by about 70%,and the duration time of closing transient is sharply shortened. Thereby validate the effectiveness of the proposed precharge-switch switching strategy.
引文
1 Miller T J E.Reactive power control in electric systems[M].New Jersey:Wiley,1982:1-32
2 Thomson G.Electric power distribution system engineering[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill,1986:452-499
3 Wenzel T,Leibfried T.Vacuum circuit breakers in flexible AC transmission systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,27(1):236-244
4 Kurrat M.Simulation of capacitive switching behavior for vacuum circuit breaker[C]//International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.New York:Electrical Insulation Magazine IEEE,2016:1-4
5 王季梅.真空开关理论及其应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986:34-90Wang Jimei.Theory and application of vacuum switch[M].Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University Press,1986:34-90
6 杨建宁.类似晶闸管投切电容器组的机械预充电同步开关装置(PSC)[C]//2015年电网节能与电能质量论文集.西安:陕西省电网节能与电能质量技术学会,2015:10Yang Jianning.Similar thyristor for capacitor group mechanical synchronous switch charging device(PSC)[C]//Proceedings of Energy Conservation and Power Quality of Power Grid in 2015.Xi'an Shaanxi Province Power Grid Energy Conservation and Power Quality Technology Association,2015:10
7 Dullni E,Shang W,Gentsch D,et al.Switching of capacitive currents and the correlation of restrike and pre-ignition behavior[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2006,13(1):65-71
8 Wu J C,Jou H L,Wu K D,et al.Hybrid switch to suppress the inrush current of AC power capacitor[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(1):506-511
9 Das J C.Analysis and control of large-shunt-capacitor-bank switching transients[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2005,41(6):1444-1451
10 杨庆,张照辉,席世友,等.相控断路器投切10 k V并联电容器的应用[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1739-1745Yang Qing,Zhang Zhaohui,Xi Shiyou,et al.Application of 10 k V switching shunt capacitor banks with controlled vacuum circuit breakers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1739-1745
11 罗礼全.真空断路器同步操作研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017Luo Liquan.Synchronous operating of vacuum circuit breaker[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2017
12 Zadeh M K,Hinrichsen V,Smeets R,et al.Field emission currents in vacuum breakers after capacitive switching[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):910-917
13 魏旭,周志成,谢天喜,等.真空断路器投入并联电容器的过电压分析及防护[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3193-3198Wei Xu,Zhou Zhicheng,Xie Tianxi,et al.Analysis and protection against overvoltages caused by vacuum circuit breakers switching on shunt capacitors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3193-3198
14 方春恩.同步真空开关的相关理论及其应用研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004Fang Chunen.Relevant theoretical and experimental research on synchronous vacuum switches[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Tanicalechnology,2004
15 Yacamini R,Abu-Nasser A.Numerical calculation of inrush current in single-phase transformers[J].IEE Proceedings.Part B:Electric Power Applications,1981,128(6):327-334
16 Cereda C,Gemme C,Reuber C.Synchronous medium voltage circuit breakers:ABB solution based on magnetic drive and electronic control[C]//CIRED 15th Conference on Electricity Distribution.Nice France:CIRED,1999:1-4
2 Thomson G.Electric power distribution system engineering[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill,1986:452-499
3 Wenzel T,Leibfried T.Vacuum circuit breakers in flexible AC transmission systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,27(1):236-244
4 Kurrat M.Simulation of capacitive switching behavior for vacuum circuit breaker[C]//International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.New York:Electrical Insulation Magazine IEEE,2016:1-4
5 王季梅.真空开关理论及其应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986:34-90Wang Jimei.Theory and application of vacuum switch[M].Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University Press,1986:34-90
6 杨建宁.类似晶闸管投切电容器组的机械预充电同步开关装置(PSC)[C]//2015年电网节能与电能质量论文集.西安:陕西省电网节能与电能质量技术学会,2015:10Yang Jianning.Similar thyristor for capacitor group mechanical synchronous switch charging device(PSC)[C]//Proceedings of Energy Conservation and Power Quality of Power Grid in 2015.Xi'an Shaanxi Province Power Grid Energy Conservation and Power Quality Technology Association,2015:10
7 Dullni E,Shang W,Gentsch D,et al.Switching of capacitive currents and the correlation of restrike and pre-ignition behavior[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2006,13(1):65-71
8 Wu J C,Jou H L,Wu K D,et al.Hybrid switch to suppress the inrush current of AC power capacitor[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(1):506-511
9 Das J C.Analysis and control of large-shunt-capacitor-bank switching transients[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2005,41(6):1444-1451
10 杨庆,张照辉,席世友,等.相控断路器投切10 k V并联电容器的应用[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1739-1745Yang Qing,Zhang Zhaohui,Xi Shiyou,et al.Application of 10 k V switching shunt capacitor banks with controlled vacuum circuit breakers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1739-1745
11 罗礼全.真空断路器同步操作研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017Luo Liquan.Synchronous operating of vacuum circuit breaker[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2017
12 Zadeh M K,Hinrichsen V,Smeets R,et al.Field emission currents in vacuum breakers after capacitive switching[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):910-917
13 魏旭,周志成,谢天喜,等.真空断路器投入并联电容器的过电压分析及防护[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3193-3198Wei Xu,Zhou Zhicheng,Xie Tianxi,et al.Analysis and protection against overvoltages caused by vacuum circuit breakers switching on shunt capacitors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3193-3198
14 方春恩.同步真空开关的相关理论及其应用研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004Fang Chunen.Relevant theoretical and experimental research on synchronous vacuum switches[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Tanicalechnology,2004
15 Yacamini R,Abu-Nasser A.Numerical calculation of inrush current in single-phase transformers[J].IEE Proceedings.Part B:Electric Power Applications,1981,128(6):327-334
16 Cereda C,Gemme C,Reuber C.Synchronous medium voltage circuit breakers:ABB solution based on magnetic drive and electronic control[C]//CIRED 15th Conference on Electricity Distribution.Nice France:CIRED,1999:1-4