岷江上游流域植被覆盖度时空变化分析
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摘要
植被覆盖度是指示生态环境变化的重要指标。以Landsat系列遥感数据为基础,利用ENVI软件技术平台,通过像元分解法得出岷江上游流域1994-2014年20年间植被覆盖度的时空变化情况,确定植被覆盖度分类标准和等级的划分,并从研究区气象变化和人类活动对其影响及其变化规律进行探讨。研究结果表明:1994-2014年岷江上游流域植被覆盖度整体呈现波动向下减少趋势,特别是在2008年汶川大地震的影响下尤为明显,Ⅰ级植被覆盖度变化较为明显,减少面积占研究区的26. 4%,Ⅴ级植被覆盖度变化突出,增加面积占研究区6. 63%。空间格局上,岷江上游流域整体呈现出由西北河流沿岸逐渐降低的趋势,主要分布在维尔隆河和孟屯沟河流两岸以及理县西南部。岷江上游流域植被覆盖度结构趋于恶化,干涸河谷面积不断变大,需加强对干涸河谷的治理和林地保护,减少人为活动的干扰和提高抗自然灾害的能力,促进流域生态环境的可持续发展。
Vegetation coverage is an important indicator of ecological environment change. Based on a series of Landsat remote sensing data,the temporal and spatial variation of vegetation coverage in the upper reaches of Minjiang River from 1994 to 2014 was obtained through ENVI software technology platform with pixel decomposition method. The classification criteria of vegetation coverage and level of division were determined and the influence of climate change and human activities as well as their change law was discussed. The research results show that from 1994 to 2014,the vegetation coverage of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River fluctuated downward,especially under the influence of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. First-level vegetation coverage decreased more obviously,accounting for 26. 4% of the research region,while fifth-level vegetation coverage increased,accounting for 6. 63%. In terms of spatial pattern,the upper Minjiang River basin as a whole shows a trend of gradual decline from the northwest river coast,mainly distributing along the Banks of the Veron river and the Mengtungou river as well as the southwest of Lixian county. The results show that the vegetation coverage structure of the upper reaches of Minjiang River tends to deteriorate,and the area of dry valleys keeps increasing. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen measures such as the management of dry river valleys and the protection of forestland,reduce the interference of human activities,improve the ability to resist natural disasters and promote the sustainable development of the ecological environment of the river basin.
Vegetation coverage is an important indicator of ecological environment change. Based on a series of Landsat remote sensing data,the temporal and spatial variation of vegetation coverage in the upper reaches of Minjiang River from 1994 to 2014 was obtained through ENVI software technology platform with pixel decomposition method. The classification criteria of vegetation coverage and level of division were determined and the influence of climate change and human activities as well as their change law was discussed. The research results show that from 1994 to 2014,the vegetation coverage of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River fluctuated downward,especially under the influence of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. First-level vegetation coverage decreased more obviously,accounting for 26. 4% of the research region,while fifth-level vegetation coverage increased,accounting for 6. 63%. In terms of spatial pattern,the upper Minjiang River basin as a whole shows a trend of gradual decline from the northwest river coast,mainly distributing along the Banks of the Veron river and the Mengtungou river as well as the southwest of Lixian county. The results show that the vegetation coverage structure of the upper reaches of Minjiang River tends to deteriorate,and the area of dry valleys keeps increasing. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen measures such as the management of dry river valleys and the protection of forestland,reduce the interference of human activities,improve the ability to resist natural disasters and promote the sustainable development of the ecological environment of the river basin.
引文
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[2]滕明君,曾立雄,肖文发,等.长江三峡库区生态环境变化遥感研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(12):3683-3693.
[3]杨斌,詹金凤,李茂娇.岷江上游流域环境脆弱性评价[J].国土资源遥感,2014,26(4):138-144.
[4]张文江,宁吉才,宋克超,等.岷江上游植被覆被对水热条件的响应[J].山地学报,2013,(3):280-286.
[5]PAN D L,SONG Y Q,MILES D,et al. Effect of plant cover type on soil water budget and tree photosynthesis in jujube orchards[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2017,184:135-144.
[6]贾坤,姚云军,魏香琴,等.植被覆盖度遥感估算研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(7):774-782.
[7]李红清,雷明军,李德旺,等.长江上游水电开发生态制约及其适应性分析[J].人民长江,2014,45(15):1-6,13.
[8]杨斌,李茂娇,王世举,等.基于IRS-P6的岷江上游裸地变化特征研究[J].航天返回与遥感,2015,36(1):64-72.
[9]BAO Y F,CAO C X,ZHANG H,et al. Synchronous estimation of DTM and fractional vegetation cover in forested area from airborne LIDAR height and intensity data[J].Science in China(Series E:Technological Sciences),2008,(S2):176-187.
[10]李艺梦,祁元,马明国.基于Landsat 8影像的额济纳荒漠绿洲植被覆盖度估算方法对比研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2016,31(3):590-598.
[11]张韵婕,桂朝,刘庆生,等.基于遥感和气象数据的蒙古高原1982-2013年植被动态变化分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2016,31(5):1022-1030.
[12]胡光庭,王刚,杨崇俊.阳江市绿地空间分布及其热环境分析[J].遥感信息,2017,32(2):156-161.
[13]张宇婷,张振飞,张志.新疆大南湖荒漠区1992-2014年间植被覆盖度遥感研究[J].国土资源遥感,2018,30(1):187-195.