塔中隆起碳酸盐岩叠合复合岩溶模式与油气勘探
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摘要
塔里木盆地大型碳酸盐岩台地形成与构造演化过程中,发育了台缘礁、台内滩与深层白云岩等巨厚的碳酸盐岩建造,经过多期构造运动形成了种类繁多、规模巨大的岩溶缝洞系统,是台盆区海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探开发的重要领域.基于野外露头与井下地质、岩样分析、地球物理预测及岩溶地质刻画,静态特征与生产动态等多学科动静态一体化研究,阐明了洞穴、溶蚀孔洞、裂缝等储集空间发育特征及大型岩溶缝洞系统的形成机理;创建了与不整合暴露、断裂破碎相关的岩溶叠合复合发育模式;揭示了不整合面相关岩溶横向广泛分布、断层相关岩溶纵向局部拓展及其三维展布规律;提出叠合复合岩溶缝洞系统是油气复式成藏的关键,亦是复式油气聚集区立体勘探开发的基础,叠合复合岩溶模式的建立有效指导了塔中隆起碳酸盐岩凝析气田的重大发现与高效开发.
In the process of large carbonate platform formation and tectonic evolution of Tarim basin,the thick platform margin reef,intra-platform beach and deep dolomite carbonate sediments were developed,which formed the various types and large scale of karst fracture-cave systems by the reconstruction of multi period tectonic movement,and the system is an important field of oil and gas exploration and development inside the platform-basin transitional area marine carbonate.Based on the multidisciplinary static and dynamic comprehensive analysis of the field outcrop,underground geology,geophysical prediction,karst geological description,static characteristics and production dynamic data,this paper described the characteristics of reservoir space development,such as caves,dissolved pores and fractures as well as the formation mechanism of the large-scale karst fracture-cave system,and established the superimposed development model of unconformity exposed and fracture karst,and revealed the horizontal distribution of unconformity related karst and the longitudinal distribution and three-dimensional distribution of the fault karst.The comprehensive study shows that the composite karst fracture-cave system is the key to oil and gas accumulation,and is also the basis for the exploration and development of the complex oil and gas accumulation area.The establishment of the superimposed compound karst model is an effective way to guide the significant discovery and efficient development of the carbonate condensate gas field in Tazhong uplift area.
In the process of large carbonate platform formation and tectonic evolution of Tarim basin,the thick platform margin reef,intra-platform beach and deep dolomite carbonate sediments were developed,which formed the various types and large scale of karst fracture-cave systems by the reconstruction of multi period tectonic movement,and the system is an important field of oil and gas exploration and development inside the platform-basin transitional area marine carbonate.Based on the multidisciplinary static and dynamic comprehensive analysis of the field outcrop,underground geology,geophysical prediction,karst geological description,static characteristics and production dynamic data,this paper described the characteristics of reservoir space development,such as caves,dissolved pores and fractures as well as the formation mechanism of the large-scale karst fracture-cave system,and established the superimposed development model of unconformity exposed and fracture karst,and revealed the horizontal distribution of unconformity related karst and the longitudinal distribution and three-dimensional distribution of the fault karst.The comprehensive study shows that the composite karst fracture-cave system is the key to oil and gas accumulation,and is also the basis for the exploration and development of the complex oil and gas accumulation area.The establishment of the superimposed compound karst model is an effective way to guide the significant discovery and efficient development of the carbonate condensate gas field in Tazhong uplift area.
引文
Cai,Z.X.,Liu,Y.L.,Liu,Q.,2010.The Appearance and Significance of Palaeo Drainage Systems Connection in the Top of Lower Middle Ordovician in Tahe Oilfield.Geoscience,24(2):273-278(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J.F.,Mei,L.F.,Yang,H.J.,et al.,2007.Study on Oil and Gas Source and Migration Accumulation of Ordovician Carbonate Reef-Bank Complex in Central Tarim Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,18(3):426-435(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J.F.,Yu,H.F.,Zhang,H.Z.,et al.,2008.Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Enrichment in the Lower Ordovician Carbonate Rock Weathering Crust on the Northern Slope Zone of Tazhong Area.Oil&Gas Geology,29(2):167-188(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J.F.,Xu,G.Q.,Ju,Y.,et al.,2010.Quantitative Prediction on Fractures and Its Development Law in Lianglitage Formation in Tazhong 54-Tazhong 16 Well Area,Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,45(4):1027-1037(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J.F.,Sun,C.H.,Yu,H.F.,et al.,2011.Kinetics of ReefShoal Complexes and Its Restriction to Reservoir in Ordovician from Tazhong I Fault Belt.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(3):845-856(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J,F.,Zhang,H.Z.,Yu,H.F.,et al.,2012.Hydrocarbon Accumulation Characteristic and Exploration on Large Marine Carbonate Condensate Field in Tazhong Uplift.Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(3):769-782(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J.F.,Wang,Q.L.,Chen,J.,et al.,2015.Carbonate Sequence Structure and Microfacies Distribution of the Middle and Lower Ordovician in Northwestern Tarim Basin.Geoscience,29(3):599-608(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J.F.,Ren,P.,Chen,J.,et al.,2016.Sedimentary Microfacies and Favorable Reservoir Distribution of Yingshan Formation in North Slope of Tazhong Uplift,Tarim Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,37(1):18-23(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu,X.B.,Hu,W.G.,Wang,Y.,et al.,2015.Characteristics and Development Practice of Fault-Karst Carbonate Reservoirs in Tahe Area,Tarim Basin.Oil&GasGeology,36(3):347-355(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin,Z.J.,Cai,L.G.,2006.Prospect,Main Problems and Countermeasures of Marine Oil and Gas Exploration in China.Oil&Gas Geology,27(6):722-730(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kang,Y.Z.,2011.Paleozoic Marine Petroleum Geology in China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma,Y.S.,2007.Marine Oil and Gas Exploration in China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qian,Y.X.,Conxita,T.,2007.Diagenesis Comparison between Epigenic Karstification and Dissolution in Carbonate Reservoirs:An Instance of Ordovician Carbonate Reservoirs in Tabei and Tazhong Regions,Tarim Basin.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,12(2):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Z.Y.,Sun,C.H.,Yang,H.J.,et al.,2010.Formation Pattern of Upper Ordovician Reef-Bank Complex along the Tazhong Slopebreak I,Tarim Block,NW,China.Acta Geologica Sinica,84(4):546-552(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Z.M.,Yang,H.J.,Wang,Q.H.,et al.,2012.Geological Theory and Exploration Technology for Marine Carbonate Giant Condensate Field of Tazhong Uplift in Tarim Basin.Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,H.J.,Han,J.F.,Chen,L.X.,et al.,2007.Characteristics and Patterns of Complex Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Lower Paleozoic Carbonate Rocks of the Tazhong Palaeouplift.Oil&Gas Geology,28(6):784-790(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,H.J.,Han,J.F.,Sun,C.H.,et al.,2011.A Development Model and Petroleum Exploration of karst Reservoirs of Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Northern Slope of Tazhong Palaeouplift.Acta Petrolei Sinca,32(2):199-205(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,T.,Cai,X.Y.,2007.Caledonian Paleo-Karstification and Its Characteristics in Tahe Area,Arim Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(8):1125-1134(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou,W.,Li,X.H.,Jin,W.H.,et al.,2011.The Control Action of Fault to Paleokarst in View of Ordovician Reservoir in Tahe Area.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(8):2339-2348(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,G.Y.,Yang,H.J.,Su,J.,et al.,2012.New Progress of Marine Hydrocarbon Geological Theory in China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(3):722-738(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,G.Y.,Zhang,B.T.,Yang,H.J.,et al.,2014.Origin of Deep Strata Gas of Tazhong in Tarim Basin,China.Organic Geochemistry,74:85-97.doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.03.003
Zhu,G.Y.,Huang,H.P.,Wang,H.T.,2015.Geochemical Significance of Discovery in Cambrian Reservoirs at Well ZS1of the Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Energy&Fuels,29:1332-1344.
Zheng,J.,Wang Z.Y.,Yang,H.Y.,et al.,2015.The Control Mechanism of Microtopography in the High Frequency Sequence Framework to Reef-Bank Complex Reservoir.Acta Geologica Sinica,89(5):942-956(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zou,Y.R.,Ta,J.G.L.,Xing,Z.Y.,et al.,2014.Evolution of Sedimentary Basins in Tarim during NeoproterozoicPaleozoic.Earth Science,39(8):1200-1216(in Chinese with English abstract).
蔡忠贤,刘永立,刘群,2010.塔河油田中下奥陶统顶面岩溶古水系对接现象及其意义.现代地质,24(2):273-278.
韩剑发,梅廉夫,杨海军,等,2007.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩礁滩复合体油气来源与运聚成藏研究.天然气地球科学,18(3):426-435.
韩剑发,于红枫,张海祖,等,2008.塔中地区北部斜坡带下奥陶统碳酸盐岩风化壳油气富集特征.石油与天然气地质,29(2):167-188.
韩剑发,徐国强,琚岩,等,2010.塔中54-塔中16井区良里塔格组裂缝定量化预测及发育规律.地质科学,45(4):1027-1037.
韩剑发,孙崇浩,等,2011.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带奥陶系礁滩复合体发育动力学及其控储机制.岩石学报,27(3):845-856.
韩剑发,张海祖,于红枫,等,2012.塔中隆起海相碳酸盐岩大型凝析气田成藏特征与勘探.岩石学报,28(3):769-782.
韩剑发,王清龙,陈军,等,2015.塔里木盆地西北缘中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序结构和沉积微相分布.现代地质,29(3):599-608.
韩剑发,任凭,陈军,等,2016.塔中隆起北斜坡鹰山组沉积微相及有利储集层展布.新疆石油地质,37(1):18-23.
鲁新便,胡文革,汪彦,等,2015.塔河地区碳酸盐岩断溶体油藏特征与开发实践.石油与天然气地质,36(3):347-355.
金之钧,蔡立国,2006.中国海相油气勘探前景、主要问题与对策.石油与天然气地质,27(6):722-730.
康玉柱,2011.中国古生代海相油气地质学.北京:地质出版社.
马永生,2007.中国海相油气勘探.北京:地质出版社.
钱一雄,Conxita Taberner,2007.碳酸盐岩表生岩溶与埋藏溶蚀比较---以塔北和塔中地区为例.海相油气地质,12(2):1-7.
王振宇,孙崇浩,杨海军,等,2010.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带上奥陶统台缘礁滩复合体建造模式.地质学报,84(4):546-552.
王招明,杨海军,王清华,等编著,2012.塔中海相碳酸盐岩特大型凝析气田地质理论与勘探技术.北京:科学出版社.
杨海军,韩剑发,陈利新,等,2007.塔中古隆起下古生界碳酸盐岩油气复式成藏特征及模式.石油与天然气地质,28(6):784-790.
杨海军,韩剑发,孙崇浩,等,2011.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶型储层发育模式与油气勘探.石油学报,32(2):199-205.
张涛,蔡希源,2007.塔河地区加里东中期古岩溶作用及分布模式.地质学报,81(8):1125-1134.
周文,李秀华,金文辉,等,2011.塔河奥陶系油藏断裂对古岩溶的控制作用.岩石学报,27(8):2339-2348.
朱光有,杨海军,苏劲,等,2012.中国海相油气地质理论新进展.岩石学报,28(3):722-738.
郑剑,王振宇,杨海军,等,2015.高频层序格架内礁型微地貌特征及其控储机理---以塔中东部地区上奥陶统为例.地质学报,89(5):942-956.
邹亚锐,塔吉古丽,邢作云,等,2014.塔里木新元古代-古生代沉积盆地演化.地球科学,39(8):1200-1216.
Han,J.F.,Mei,L.F.,Yang,H.J.,et al.,2007.Study on Oil and Gas Source and Migration Accumulation of Ordovician Carbonate Reef-Bank Complex in Central Tarim Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,18(3):426-435(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J.F.,Yu,H.F.,Zhang,H.Z.,et al.,2008.Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Enrichment in the Lower Ordovician Carbonate Rock Weathering Crust on the Northern Slope Zone of Tazhong Area.Oil&Gas Geology,29(2):167-188(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J.F.,Xu,G.Q.,Ju,Y.,et al.,2010.Quantitative Prediction on Fractures and Its Development Law in Lianglitage Formation in Tazhong 54-Tazhong 16 Well Area,Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,45(4):1027-1037(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J.F.,Sun,C.H.,Yu,H.F.,et al.,2011.Kinetics of ReefShoal Complexes and Its Restriction to Reservoir in Ordovician from Tazhong I Fault Belt.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(3):845-856(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J,F.,Zhang,H.Z.,Yu,H.F.,et al.,2012.Hydrocarbon Accumulation Characteristic and Exploration on Large Marine Carbonate Condensate Field in Tazhong Uplift.Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(3):769-782(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J.F.,Wang,Q.L.,Chen,J.,et al.,2015.Carbonate Sequence Structure and Microfacies Distribution of the Middle and Lower Ordovician in Northwestern Tarim Basin.Geoscience,29(3):599-608(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,J.F.,Ren,P.,Chen,J.,et al.,2016.Sedimentary Microfacies and Favorable Reservoir Distribution of Yingshan Formation in North Slope of Tazhong Uplift,Tarim Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,37(1):18-23(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu,X.B.,Hu,W.G.,Wang,Y.,et al.,2015.Characteristics and Development Practice of Fault-Karst Carbonate Reservoirs in Tahe Area,Tarim Basin.Oil&GasGeology,36(3):347-355(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin,Z.J.,Cai,L.G.,2006.Prospect,Main Problems and Countermeasures of Marine Oil and Gas Exploration in China.Oil&Gas Geology,27(6):722-730(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kang,Y.Z.,2011.Paleozoic Marine Petroleum Geology in China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma,Y.S.,2007.Marine Oil and Gas Exploration in China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qian,Y.X.,Conxita,T.,2007.Diagenesis Comparison between Epigenic Karstification and Dissolution in Carbonate Reservoirs:An Instance of Ordovician Carbonate Reservoirs in Tabei and Tazhong Regions,Tarim Basin.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,12(2):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Z.Y.,Sun,C.H.,Yang,H.J.,et al.,2010.Formation Pattern of Upper Ordovician Reef-Bank Complex along the Tazhong Slopebreak I,Tarim Block,NW,China.Acta Geologica Sinica,84(4):546-552(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Z.M.,Yang,H.J.,Wang,Q.H.,et al.,2012.Geological Theory and Exploration Technology for Marine Carbonate Giant Condensate Field of Tazhong Uplift in Tarim Basin.Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,H.J.,Han,J.F.,Chen,L.X.,et al.,2007.Characteristics and Patterns of Complex Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Lower Paleozoic Carbonate Rocks of the Tazhong Palaeouplift.Oil&Gas Geology,28(6):784-790(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,H.J.,Han,J.F.,Sun,C.H.,et al.,2011.A Development Model and Petroleum Exploration of karst Reservoirs of Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Northern Slope of Tazhong Palaeouplift.Acta Petrolei Sinca,32(2):199-205(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,T.,Cai,X.Y.,2007.Caledonian Paleo-Karstification and Its Characteristics in Tahe Area,Arim Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(8):1125-1134(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou,W.,Li,X.H.,Jin,W.H.,et al.,2011.The Control Action of Fault to Paleokarst in View of Ordovician Reservoir in Tahe Area.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(8):2339-2348(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,G.Y.,Yang,H.J.,Su,J.,et al.,2012.New Progress of Marine Hydrocarbon Geological Theory in China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(3):722-738(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,G.Y.,Zhang,B.T.,Yang,H.J.,et al.,2014.Origin of Deep Strata Gas of Tazhong in Tarim Basin,China.Organic Geochemistry,74:85-97.doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.03.003
Zhu,G.Y.,Huang,H.P.,Wang,H.T.,2015.Geochemical Significance of Discovery in Cambrian Reservoirs at Well ZS1of the Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Energy&Fuels,29:1332-1344.
Zheng,J.,Wang Z.Y.,Yang,H.Y.,et al.,2015.The Control Mechanism of Microtopography in the High Frequency Sequence Framework to Reef-Bank Complex Reservoir.Acta Geologica Sinica,89(5):942-956(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zou,Y.R.,Ta,J.G.L.,Xing,Z.Y.,et al.,2014.Evolution of Sedimentary Basins in Tarim during NeoproterozoicPaleozoic.Earth Science,39(8):1200-1216(in Chinese with English abstract).
蔡忠贤,刘永立,刘群,2010.塔河油田中下奥陶统顶面岩溶古水系对接现象及其意义.现代地质,24(2):273-278.
韩剑发,梅廉夫,杨海军,等,2007.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩礁滩复合体油气来源与运聚成藏研究.天然气地球科学,18(3):426-435.
韩剑发,于红枫,张海祖,等,2008.塔中地区北部斜坡带下奥陶统碳酸盐岩风化壳油气富集特征.石油与天然气地质,29(2):167-188.
韩剑发,徐国强,琚岩,等,2010.塔中54-塔中16井区良里塔格组裂缝定量化预测及发育规律.地质科学,45(4):1027-1037.
韩剑发,孙崇浩,等,2011.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带奥陶系礁滩复合体发育动力学及其控储机制.岩石学报,27(3):845-856.
韩剑发,张海祖,于红枫,等,2012.塔中隆起海相碳酸盐岩大型凝析气田成藏特征与勘探.岩石学报,28(3):769-782.
韩剑发,王清龙,陈军,等,2015.塔里木盆地西北缘中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序结构和沉积微相分布.现代地质,29(3):599-608.
韩剑发,任凭,陈军,等,2016.塔中隆起北斜坡鹰山组沉积微相及有利储集层展布.新疆石油地质,37(1):18-23.
鲁新便,胡文革,汪彦,等,2015.塔河地区碳酸盐岩断溶体油藏特征与开发实践.石油与天然气地质,36(3):347-355.
金之钧,蔡立国,2006.中国海相油气勘探前景、主要问题与对策.石油与天然气地质,27(6):722-730.
康玉柱,2011.中国古生代海相油气地质学.北京:地质出版社.
马永生,2007.中国海相油气勘探.北京:地质出版社.
钱一雄,Conxita Taberner,2007.碳酸盐岩表生岩溶与埋藏溶蚀比较---以塔北和塔中地区为例.海相油气地质,12(2):1-7.
王振宇,孙崇浩,杨海军,等,2010.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带上奥陶统台缘礁滩复合体建造模式.地质学报,84(4):546-552.
王招明,杨海军,王清华,等编著,2012.塔中海相碳酸盐岩特大型凝析气田地质理论与勘探技术.北京:科学出版社.
杨海军,韩剑发,陈利新,等,2007.塔中古隆起下古生界碳酸盐岩油气复式成藏特征及模式.石油与天然气地质,28(6):784-790.
杨海军,韩剑发,孙崇浩,等,2011.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶型储层发育模式与油气勘探.石油学报,32(2):199-205.
张涛,蔡希源,2007.塔河地区加里东中期古岩溶作用及分布模式.地质学报,81(8):1125-1134.
周文,李秀华,金文辉,等,2011.塔河奥陶系油藏断裂对古岩溶的控制作用.岩石学报,27(8):2339-2348.
朱光有,杨海军,苏劲,等,2012.中国海相油气地质理论新进展.岩石学报,28(3):722-738.
郑剑,王振宇,杨海军,等,2015.高频层序格架内礁型微地貌特征及其控储机理---以塔中东部地区上奥陶统为例.地质学报,89(5):942-956.
邹亚锐,塔吉古丽,邢作云,等,2014.塔里木新元古代-古生代沉积盆地演化.地球科学,39(8):1200-1216.