黄铁矿与页岩的相互作用及其对页岩气富集与开发的意义
|
摘要
黄铁矿广泛分布于页岩层中,是一种影响页岩气勘探开发的重要细粒矿物。首先分析了黄铁矿的形成环境及其在页岩层中的特征模式,揭示了黄铁矿的形成机理,并借此实现了对优质页岩沉积带的判别;然后讨论了黄铁矿对页岩气生成过程的催化作用,据此提出了页岩气富集区预测的基本思路及技术方法;最后阐述了黄铁矿增脆作用对于页岩气开发有利区评价的指导意义,同时总结了利用黄铁矿易氧化的特性改造页岩层、达到增渗增产效果的技术方法。研究获得以下认识:黄铁矿与页岩的相互作用有利于优质页岩沉积带、页岩气富集区、页岩开发有利区的预测。
Pyrite,which is a fine-grained mineral widely distributed in shale gas reservoirs,has significant effects on shale gas exploration and development.First,depositional environments of pyrite and its characteristic pattern in shale are analyzed,and the formation mechanism of pyrite is revealed,which can lead to the discrimination of high-quality shale sedimentary zones.Furthermore,the hydrocarbon generation mechanism of pyrite is discussed,and then methods to predict the shale gas enrichment zone are proposed.Finally,the beneficial contribution of the brittleness-enhanced characteristic of pyrite to search for favorable mining blocks is expounded.Simultaneously,techniques for reforming shale gas reservoirs by using the easily oxidized characteristic of pyrite to achieve enhanced permeability and increased production are summarized.The results show that pyrit-shale interaction is conducive to the prediction of high-quality shale sediment zones,shale gas enrichment zones,and favorable mining blocks.
Pyrite,which is a fine-grained mineral widely distributed in shale gas reservoirs,has significant effects on shale gas exploration and development.First,depositional environments of pyrite and its characteristic pattern in shale are analyzed,and the formation mechanism of pyrite is revealed,which can lead to the discrimination of high-quality shale sedimentary zones.Furthermore,the hydrocarbon generation mechanism of pyrite is discussed,and then methods to predict the shale gas enrichment zone are proposed.Finally,the beneficial contribution of the brittleness-enhanced characteristic of pyrite to search for favorable mining blocks is expounded.Simultaneously,techniques for reforming shale gas reservoirs by using the easily oxidized characteristic of pyrite to achieve enhanced permeability and increased production are summarized.The results show that pyrit-shale interaction is conducive to the prediction of high-quality shale sediment zones,shale gas enrichment zones,and favorable mining blocks.
引文
[1]王世谦.页岩气资源开采现状、问题与前景[J].天然气工业,2017,37(6):115-130WANG S Q.Shale gas exploitation:status,issues and prospects[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(6):115-130
[2]赵习森,郭峰,石立华,等.湖相细粒沉积及其页岩气意义——以下寺湾柳洛峪区块长7油页岩为例[J].非常规油气,2015,2(5):1-6ZHAO X S,GUO F,SHI L H,et al.Lacustrine fine grain deposition and its significance to shale gas:a case study of Chang 7reservoir in Yanchang Formation,Liuluoyu Block,Xiasiwan Area[J].Unconventional Oil&Gas,2015,2(5):1-6
[3]王社教,杨涛,张国生,等.页岩气主要富集因素与核心区选择及评价[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):94-100WANG S J,YANG T,ZHANG G S,et al.Shale gas enrichment factors and the selection and evaluation of the core area[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):94-100
[4]常华进,储雪蕾.草莓状黄铁矿与古海洋环境恢复[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(5):475-481CHANG H J,CHU X L.Pyrite framboids and palaeoocean redox condition reconstruction[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(5):475-481
[5]王阳,陈洁,胡琳,等.沉积环境对页岩气储层的控制作用——以中下扬子区下寒武统筇竹寺组为例[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):845-850WANG Y,CHEN J,HU L,et al.Sedimentary environment control on shale gas reservoir:a case study of Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Middle Lower Yangtze Area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(5):845-850
[6]WILKIN R T,BARNES H L.Formation processes of framboidal pyrite[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1997,61(2):323-339
[7]WILKIN R T,ARTHUR M A,DEAN W E.History of water column anoxia in the Black Sea indicated by pyrite framboid size distributions[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1997,148(3/4):517-525
[8]陈兰,夏敏全,万云,等.黑色页岩与大洋缺氧事件研究进展[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2007,9(4):1-8CHEN L,XIA M Q,WAN Y,et al.Study on black shales and oceanic anoxic events[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science&Technology,2007,9(4):1-8
[9]杨剑,易发成.黔北下寒武统黑色岩系元素赋存状态及富集模式[J].矿物学报,2012,32(2):281-287YANG J,YI F C.A study on occurrence modes and enrichment patterns of Lower Cambrian black shale series in northern Guizhou province,China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2012,32(2):281-287
[10]崔景伟,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.黄铁矿在页岩有机质富集、生排烃与页岩油聚集中的作用[J].地质论评,2013,59(增刊1):783-784CUI J W,ZHU R K,WU S T,et al.Application of pyrite to the enrichment of organic matter、hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,and shale oil accumulation[J].Geological Review,2013,59(S1):783-784
[11]徐祖新,韩淑敏,王启超.中扬子地区陡山沱组页岩储层中黄铁矿特征及其油气意义[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(2):31-37XU Z X,HAN S M,WANG Q C.Characteristics of pyrite and its hydrocarbon significance of shale reservoir of Doushantuo Formation in middle Yangtze area[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(2):31-37
[12]王平康.松辽盆地晚白垩世青山口组一段黄铁矿形态及古湖泊演化[D].北京:中国地质大学,2009WANG P K.Pyrite morphology and the evolution of ancient lake in unit of Qingshankou Formation of Late Cretaceous,Songliao Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2009
[13]张景廉,张平中.黄铁矿对有机质成烃的催化作用讨论[J].地球科学进展,1996,11(3):282-287ZHANG J L,ZHANG P Z.A discussion of pyrite catalysis on the hydrocarbon generation process[J].Advance in Earth Science,1996,11(3):282-287
[14]王宇,李晓,武艳芳,等.脆性岩石起裂应力水平与脆性指标关系探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(2):264-275WANG Y,LI X,WU Y F,et al.Research on relationship between crack initiation stress level and brittleness indices for brittle rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics&Engineering,2014,33(2):264-275
[15]唐颖,邢云,李乐忠,等.页岩储层可压裂性影响因素及评价方法[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):356-363TANG Y,XING Y,LI L Z,et al.Influence factors and evaluation methods of the gas shale fracability[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(5):356-363
[16]王香增,张丽霞,李宗田,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组陆相页岩孔隙类型划分方案及其油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(1):1-7WANG X Z,ZHANG L X,LI Z T,et al.Pore type classification scheme for continental Yanchang shale in Ordos Basin and its geological significance[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(1):1-7
[17]黄薇.鄂尔多斯盆地中南部延长组页岩气关键参数测井研究[D].西安:西北大学,2015HUANG W.Logging research on key parameters of shale gas in Yanchang Formation,South Central Ordos Basin[D].Xi'an:Northwestern University,2015
[18]孟志勇.四川盆地涪陵地区五峰组-龙马溪组含气页岩段纵向非均质性及其发育主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):838-846MENG Z Y.Vertical heterogeneity and its controlling factors of the gas shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Fuling area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):838-846
[19]张晨晨,王玉满,董大忠,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩脆性评价与“甜点层”预测[J].天然气工业,2016,36(9):51-60ZHANG C C,WANG Y M,DONG D Z,et al.Evaluation of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale brittleness and prediction of“sweet spot layers”in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(9):51-60
[20]赵迪斐,郭英海,朱炎铭,等.龙马溪组页岩气复电阻率勘探的理论依据[J].非常规油气,2016,3(3):15-20ZHAO D F,GUO Y H,ZHU Y M,et al.The theoretical basis of shale gas exploration with complex resistivity in Longmaxi Formation[J].Unconventional Oil&Gas,2016,3(3):15-20
[21]周道容.四川盆地威远地区下古生界页岩气成藏条件及有利区优选[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013ZHOU D R.Shale gas reservoiring conditions and favorable area preferred in lower Paleozoic in Sichuan Weiyuan area[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013
[22]李延钧,赵圣贤,黄勇斌,等.四川盆地南部下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩沉积微相研究[J].地质学报,2013,87(8):1136-1148LI Y J,ZHAO S X,HUANG Y B,et al.The sedimentary micro-facies study of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(8):1136-1148
[23]刘春莲,董艺辛,车平,等.三水盆地古近系(土布)心组黑色页岩中黄铁矿的形成及其控制因素[J].沉积学报,2006,24(1):75-80LIU C L,DONG Y X,CHE P,et al.Pyrite formation and its controls in black shales of the Buxin Formation(Lower Eocene)from the Sanshui Basin,Guangdong[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(1):75-80
[24]包书景.页岩矿物岩石学[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,2016:13-22BAO S J.Mineralogy and petrology of shale[M].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology Press,2016:13-22
[25]李胜荣.结晶学与矿物学[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:163-178LI S R.Crystallography and mineralogy[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008:163-178
[26]薛建玲,李胜荣,孙文燕,等.胶东邓格庄金矿黄铁矿成因矿物学特征及其找矿意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(11):1857-1873XUE J L,LI S R,SUN W Y,et al.Characteristics of the genetic mineralogy of pyrite and its significance for prospecting in the Denggezhuang gold deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,43(11):1857-1873
[27]陈海燕.胶东金青顶金矿成因矿物学与深部远景研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010CHEN H Y.Study on genetic mineralogy and deep vista of Jinqingding gold deposit in Jiaodong[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2010
[28]MUROWCHICK J B,BARNSE H L.Effects of temperature and degree of supersaturation on pyrite morphology[J].Geochem Trans,1987,1(1):23-33
[29]邹才能.非常规油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2014:127-167ZOU C N.Unconventional petroleum geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2014:127-167
[30]吴勘,马强分,冯庆来.鄂西建始中二叠世孤峰组孔隙特征及页岩气勘探意义[J].中国地质大学学报:地球科学,2012,37(增刊2):175-183WU K,MA Q F,FENG Q L.Middle Permian pore characteristics and shale gas exploration significance from the Gufeng Formation in Jianshi,Western Hubei[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences:Earth Science,2012,37(S2):175-183
[31]BERNER R A.Sedimentary pyrite formation:an update[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1984,48(4):605-615
[32]曹丰龙.湖北恩施地区沉积黄铁矿形态的氧化还原意义[D].湖北:东华理工大学,2016CAO F L.The redox significance of depositional pyrite morphology in Enshi area,Hubei province[D].Hubei:East China University of Technology,2016
[33]TAYLOR R,RUMMERY T E,OWEN D G.On the conversion of mackinawite to greigite[J].Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry,1979,41(4):1683-1687
[34]GIBLIN A E,HOWARTH R W.Porewater evidence for a dynamic sedimentary iron cycle in salt marshes[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1984,29(1):47-63
[35]WILKIN R T,BARNES H L,BRANTLEY S L.The size distribution of framboidalpyrite inmodern sediments:an indicator of redox conditions[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1996,60(20):3897-3912
[36]王佳.贵州桃映下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩中草莓状黄铁矿的粒径特征及其环境意义[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013WANG J.Size distribution of the framboidal pyrites in the black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Taoying,Guizhou,and its environmental significance[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013
[37]RAISWELL R,BERNER R A.Pyrite formation in euxinic and semi-euxinic sediments[J].American Journal Ofence,1985,285(8):710-724
[38]SWEENEY R E,KAPLAN I R.Pyrite framboid formation:laboratory synthesis and marine sediments[J].Economic Geology,1973,68(5):618-634
[39]廖卫.二叠纪-三叠纪之交华南浅水台地环境的古氧相特征:来自微生物岩中草莓状黄铁矿和黄铁矿化化石的证据[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2011LIAO W.Paleo-oxygenation facies in shallow-marine carbonate platform across the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China:evidences from pyrite framboids and pyritized fossils in the microbialite[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2011
[40]BOND D P G,WIGNALL P B.Pyrite framboid study of marine Permian-Triassic boundary sections:a complex anoxic event and its relationship to contemporaneous mass extinction[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2010,122(7/8):1265-1279
[41]WIGNALL P B,NEWTON R.Pyrite framboid diameter as a measure of oxygen deficiency in ancient mudrocks[J].American Journal of Science,1998,298(7):537-552
[42]RACKI G,BOND D P G,WIGNALL P B,et al.Geochemical and ecological aspects of lower Frasnian pyrite-ammonoid level at Kostomoty(Holy Cross Mountains,Poland)[J].Geological Quarterly,2004,48(3):267-282
[43]吴朝东.湘西震旦—寒武纪交替时期古海洋环境的恢复[J].地学前缘,2000,7(增刊2):45-57WU C D.Recovery of the paleoocean environment in the alternating epoch of Late Sinian and Early Cambrian in the West Hunan[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(S2):45-57
[44]ZHOU C M,JIANG S Y.Palaeoceanographic redox environments for the lower Cambrian Hetang Formation in south China:evidence from pyrite framboids,redox sensitive trace elements,and sponge biota occurrence[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2009,271(3/4):279-286
[45]NIELSEN J K,SHEN Y.Evidence for sulfidic deep water during the Late Permian in the East Greenland Basin[J].Geology,2004,32(12):1037-1040
[46]熊小辉,王剑,余谦,等.富有机质黑色页岩形成环境及背景的元素地球化学反演——以渝东北地区田坝剖面五峰组-龙马溪组页岩为例[J].天然气工业,2015,35(4):25-32XIONG X H,WANG J,YU Q,et al.Element geochemistry inversion of the environment and background of organic-rich black shale formations:a case study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi black shale in the Tianba section in northeastern Chongqing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(4):25-32
[47]张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):109-114,151-152ZHANG J C,JIANG S L,TANG X,et al.Accumulation types and resources characteristics of shale gas in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(12):109-114,151-152
[48]LOUCKS R G,RUPPCL S C.Mississippian Barnett shale:lithofacics and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601
[49]CURTIS M E,SONDERGELD C H,AMBROSE R J,et al.Microstructural investigation of gas shales in two and three dimensions using nanometer-scale resolution imaging[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(4):665-677
[50]陈康,张金川,唐玄,等.湘鄂西地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩吸附能力主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(1):23-29CHEN K,ZHANG J C,TANG X,et al.Main controlling factors on shale adsorption capacity of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in western Hunan-Hubei area[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(1):23-29
[51]朱华.渝页1井页岩气聚集地质条件解剖[D].北京:中国地质大学,2011ZHU H.Geological analysis on shale gas accumulation of well Yuye1[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2011
[52]张琴,刘洪林,拜文华,等.渝东南地区龙马溪组页岩含气量及其主控因素分析[J].天然气工业,2013,33(5):35-39ZHANG Q,LIU H L,BAI W H,et al.Shale gas content and its main controlling factors in Longmaxi shales in southeastern Chongqing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(5):35-39
[53]KAPLAN I R,BIRD K J,TAILLEUR I L.Source of molten elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide from the Inigok well,northern Alaska[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(2):337-354
[54]聂海宽,张金川.页岩气聚集条件及含气量计算——以四川盆地及其周缘下古生界为例[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):349-361NIE H K,ZHANG J C.Shale gas accumulation conditions and gas content calculation:a case study of Sichuan Basin and its periphery in the Lower Paleozoic[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):349-361
[55]SHILEY R H,CLUFF R M,DKERSON D R,et al.Correlation of natural gas content to iron species in the New Albany shale group[J].Fuel,1981,60(8):732-738
[56]HUNT J M,LEWAN M D,HENNET R J C.Modeling oil generation with time-temperature index graphs based on the Arrhenius equation[J].AAPG Bulletin,1991,75:4(4):795-807
[57]WANG Q T,LU H,SHEN C C,et al.Impact of inorganically bound sulfur on late shale gas generation[J].Energy&Fuels,2014,28(2):785-793
[58]MA X X,ZHENG J J,ZHENG G D,et al.Influence of pyrite on hydrocarbon generation during pyrolysis of type-Ⅲkerogen[J].Fuel,2016,167:329-336
[59]崔景伟,邹才能,朱如凯,等.页岩孔隙研究新进展[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(12):1319-1325CUI J W,ZOU C N,ZHU R K,et al.New advances in shale porosity research[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(12):1319-1325
[60]LOUCKS R G,REED R M,RUPPEL S C,et al.Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett shale[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79(12):848-861
[61]赵文龙.川南地区志留系龙马溪组页岩储层电性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015ZHAO W L.Reservoir of electricity of Silurian Longmaxi shale in South Sichuan area[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2015
[62]雷闯.复电阻率法在涪陵地区页岩气勘探中的试验[C]∥中国石油学会物探技术研讨会论文集.[出版地不详]:中国石油学会石油物探专业委员会,2015:814-817LEI C.Experiment of complex resistivity method on shale gas exploration in Fuling area[C]∥Proceedings of Geophysical Technology Symposium,Chinese Petroleum Society.[s.l.]:Petroleum Geophysical Exploration Committee of China Petroleum Society,2015:814-817
[63]黄涛.页岩岩心复电阻率实验室测试与分析[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016HUANG T.Complex resistivity of shale core laboratory testing and analysis[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2016
[64]罗方兵.川南—渝东周缘地区富有机质页岩电性特征及勘探意义研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016LUO F B.The research of electrical characteristics and prospecting significance of organic-rich shale in southern Sichuan and eastern Chongqing area[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2016
[65]向葵,严良俊,胡华,等.南方海相页岩脆性指数与电性关系分析[J].石油物探,2016,55(6):894-903XIANG K,YAN L J,HU H,et al.Relationship analysis between brittle index and electrical properties of marine shale in South China[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(6):894-903
[66]左银卿,刘炜,袁路波,等.含黄铁矿低电阻率储层测井评价技术[J].测井技术,2007,31(1):25-29ZUO Y Q,LIU W,YUAN L B,et al.Logging evaluation technique for low resistivity reservoir containing pyrite[J].Well Logging Technology,2007,31(1):25-29
[67]秦晓艳,王震亮,于红岩,等.基于岩石物理与矿物组成的页岩脆性评价新方法[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(10):1924-1932,1941QIN X Y,WANG Z L,YU H Y,et al.A new shale brittleness evaluation method based on rock physics and mineral compositions[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(10):1924-1932,1941
[68]游利军,康毅力,陈强,等.氧化爆裂提高页岩气采收率的前景[J].天然气工业,2017,37(5):53-61YOU L J,KANG Y L,CHEN Q,et al.Prospect of shale gas recovery enhancement by oxidation-induced rock burst[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(5):53-61
[69]HARRISON A L,JEW A D,DUSTIN M K,et al.Element release and reaction-induced porosity alteration during shale-hydraulic fracturing fluid interactions[J].Applied Geochemistry,2017,82:47-62
[70]游利军,康毅力,杨鹏飞,等.增加页岩气井压裂改造缝网密度的方法:中国,105626028A[P].2016-06-01YOU L J,KANG Y L,YANG P F,et al.A method of increasing fracture network density in shale gas well fracturing,China,105626028A[P].2016-06-01
[71]谭鹏,金衍,韩玲,等.酸液预处理对深部裂缝性页岩储层压裂的影响机制[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(2):384-390TAN P,JIN Y,HAN L,et al.Influencing mechanism of acidizing pretreatment on hydraulic fracture for deep fractured shale reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(2):384-390
[2]赵习森,郭峰,石立华,等.湖相细粒沉积及其页岩气意义——以下寺湾柳洛峪区块长7油页岩为例[J].非常规油气,2015,2(5):1-6ZHAO X S,GUO F,SHI L H,et al.Lacustrine fine grain deposition and its significance to shale gas:a case study of Chang 7reservoir in Yanchang Formation,Liuluoyu Block,Xiasiwan Area[J].Unconventional Oil&Gas,2015,2(5):1-6
[3]王社教,杨涛,张国生,等.页岩气主要富集因素与核心区选择及评价[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):94-100WANG S J,YANG T,ZHANG G S,et al.Shale gas enrichment factors and the selection and evaluation of the core area[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):94-100
[4]常华进,储雪蕾.草莓状黄铁矿与古海洋环境恢复[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(5):475-481CHANG H J,CHU X L.Pyrite framboids and palaeoocean redox condition reconstruction[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(5):475-481
[5]王阳,陈洁,胡琳,等.沉积环境对页岩气储层的控制作用——以中下扬子区下寒武统筇竹寺组为例[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):845-850WANG Y,CHEN J,HU L,et al.Sedimentary environment control on shale gas reservoir:a case study of Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Middle Lower Yangtze Area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(5):845-850
[6]WILKIN R T,BARNES H L.Formation processes of framboidal pyrite[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1997,61(2):323-339
[7]WILKIN R T,ARTHUR M A,DEAN W E.History of water column anoxia in the Black Sea indicated by pyrite framboid size distributions[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1997,148(3/4):517-525
[8]陈兰,夏敏全,万云,等.黑色页岩与大洋缺氧事件研究进展[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2007,9(4):1-8CHEN L,XIA M Q,WAN Y,et al.Study on black shales and oceanic anoxic events[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science&Technology,2007,9(4):1-8
[9]杨剑,易发成.黔北下寒武统黑色岩系元素赋存状态及富集模式[J].矿物学报,2012,32(2):281-287YANG J,YI F C.A study on occurrence modes and enrichment patterns of Lower Cambrian black shale series in northern Guizhou province,China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2012,32(2):281-287
[10]崔景伟,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.黄铁矿在页岩有机质富集、生排烃与页岩油聚集中的作用[J].地质论评,2013,59(增刊1):783-784CUI J W,ZHU R K,WU S T,et al.Application of pyrite to the enrichment of organic matter、hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,and shale oil accumulation[J].Geological Review,2013,59(S1):783-784
[11]徐祖新,韩淑敏,王启超.中扬子地区陡山沱组页岩储层中黄铁矿特征及其油气意义[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(2):31-37XU Z X,HAN S M,WANG Q C.Characteristics of pyrite and its hydrocarbon significance of shale reservoir of Doushantuo Formation in middle Yangtze area[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(2):31-37
[12]王平康.松辽盆地晚白垩世青山口组一段黄铁矿形态及古湖泊演化[D].北京:中国地质大学,2009WANG P K.Pyrite morphology and the evolution of ancient lake in unit of Qingshankou Formation of Late Cretaceous,Songliao Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2009
[13]张景廉,张平中.黄铁矿对有机质成烃的催化作用讨论[J].地球科学进展,1996,11(3):282-287ZHANG J L,ZHANG P Z.A discussion of pyrite catalysis on the hydrocarbon generation process[J].Advance in Earth Science,1996,11(3):282-287
[14]王宇,李晓,武艳芳,等.脆性岩石起裂应力水平与脆性指标关系探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(2):264-275WANG Y,LI X,WU Y F,et al.Research on relationship between crack initiation stress level and brittleness indices for brittle rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics&Engineering,2014,33(2):264-275
[15]唐颖,邢云,李乐忠,等.页岩储层可压裂性影响因素及评价方法[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):356-363TANG Y,XING Y,LI L Z,et al.Influence factors and evaluation methods of the gas shale fracability[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(5):356-363
[16]王香增,张丽霞,李宗田,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组陆相页岩孔隙类型划分方案及其油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(1):1-7WANG X Z,ZHANG L X,LI Z T,et al.Pore type classification scheme for continental Yanchang shale in Ordos Basin and its geological significance[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(1):1-7
[17]黄薇.鄂尔多斯盆地中南部延长组页岩气关键参数测井研究[D].西安:西北大学,2015HUANG W.Logging research on key parameters of shale gas in Yanchang Formation,South Central Ordos Basin[D].Xi'an:Northwestern University,2015
[18]孟志勇.四川盆地涪陵地区五峰组-龙马溪组含气页岩段纵向非均质性及其发育主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):838-846MENG Z Y.Vertical heterogeneity and its controlling factors of the gas shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Fuling area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):838-846
[19]张晨晨,王玉满,董大忠,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩脆性评价与“甜点层”预测[J].天然气工业,2016,36(9):51-60ZHANG C C,WANG Y M,DONG D Z,et al.Evaluation of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale brittleness and prediction of“sweet spot layers”in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(9):51-60
[20]赵迪斐,郭英海,朱炎铭,等.龙马溪组页岩气复电阻率勘探的理论依据[J].非常规油气,2016,3(3):15-20ZHAO D F,GUO Y H,ZHU Y M,et al.The theoretical basis of shale gas exploration with complex resistivity in Longmaxi Formation[J].Unconventional Oil&Gas,2016,3(3):15-20
[21]周道容.四川盆地威远地区下古生界页岩气成藏条件及有利区优选[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013ZHOU D R.Shale gas reservoiring conditions and favorable area preferred in lower Paleozoic in Sichuan Weiyuan area[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013
[22]李延钧,赵圣贤,黄勇斌,等.四川盆地南部下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩沉积微相研究[J].地质学报,2013,87(8):1136-1148LI Y J,ZHAO S X,HUANG Y B,et al.The sedimentary micro-facies study of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(8):1136-1148
[23]刘春莲,董艺辛,车平,等.三水盆地古近系(土布)心组黑色页岩中黄铁矿的形成及其控制因素[J].沉积学报,2006,24(1):75-80LIU C L,DONG Y X,CHE P,et al.Pyrite formation and its controls in black shales of the Buxin Formation(Lower Eocene)from the Sanshui Basin,Guangdong[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(1):75-80
[24]包书景.页岩矿物岩石学[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,2016:13-22BAO S J.Mineralogy and petrology of shale[M].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology Press,2016:13-22
[25]李胜荣.结晶学与矿物学[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:163-178LI S R.Crystallography and mineralogy[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008:163-178
[26]薛建玲,李胜荣,孙文燕,等.胶东邓格庄金矿黄铁矿成因矿物学特征及其找矿意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(11):1857-1873XUE J L,LI S R,SUN W Y,et al.Characteristics of the genetic mineralogy of pyrite and its significance for prospecting in the Denggezhuang gold deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,43(11):1857-1873
[27]陈海燕.胶东金青顶金矿成因矿物学与深部远景研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010CHEN H Y.Study on genetic mineralogy and deep vista of Jinqingding gold deposit in Jiaodong[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2010
[28]MUROWCHICK J B,BARNSE H L.Effects of temperature and degree of supersaturation on pyrite morphology[J].Geochem Trans,1987,1(1):23-33
[29]邹才能.非常规油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2014:127-167ZOU C N.Unconventional petroleum geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2014:127-167
[30]吴勘,马强分,冯庆来.鄂西建始中二叠世孤峰组孔隙特征及页岩气勘探意义[J].中国地质大学学报:地球科学,2012,37(增刊2):175-183WU K,MA Q F,FENG Q L.Middle Permian pore characteristics and shale gas exploration significance from the Gufeng Formation in Jianshi,Western Hubei[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences:Earth Science,2012,37(S2):175-183
[31]BERNER R A.Sedimentary pyrite formation:an update[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1984,48(4):605-615
[32]曹丰龙.湖北恩施地区沉积黄铁矿形态的氧化还原意义[D].湖北:东华理工大学,2016CAO F L.The redox significance of depositional pyrite morphology in Enshi area,Hubei province[D].Hubei:East China University of Technology,2016
[33]TAYLOR R,RUMMERY T E,OWEN D G.On the conversion of mackinawite to greigite[J].Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry,1979,41(4):1683-1687
[34]GIBLIN A E,HOWARTH R W.Porewater evidence for a dynamic sedimentary iron cycle in salt marshes[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1984,29(1):47-63
[35]WILKIN R T,BARNES H L,BRANTLEY S L.The size distribution of framboidalpyrite inmodern sediments:an indicator of redox conditions[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1996,60(20):3897-3912
[36]王佳.贵州桃映下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩中草莓状黄铁矿的粒径特征及其环境意义[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013WANG J.Size distribution of the framboidal pyrites in the black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Taoying,Guizhou,and its environmental significance[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013
[37]RAISWELL R,BERNER R A.Pyrite formation in euxinic and semi-euxinic sediments[J].American Journal Ofence,1985,285(8):710-724
[38]SWEENEY R E,KAPLAN I R.Pyrite framboid formation:laboratory synthesis and marine sediments[J].Economic Geology,1973,68(5):618-634
[39]廖卫.二叠纪-三叠纪之交华南浅水台地环境的古氧相特征:来自微生物岩中草莓状黄铁矿和黄铁矿化化石的证据[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2011LIAO W.Paleo-oxygenation facies in shallow-marine carbonate platform across the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China:evidences from pyrite framboids and pyritized fossils in the microbialite[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2011
[40]BOND D P G,WIGNALL P B.Pyrite framboid study of marine Permian-Triassic boundary sections:a complex anoxic event and its relationship to contemporaneous mass extinction[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2010,122(7/8):1265-1279
[41]WIGNALL P B,NEWTON R.Pyrite framboid diameter as a measure of oxygen deficiency in ancient mudrocks[J].American Journal of Science,1998,298(7):537-552
[42]RACKI G,BOND D P G,WIGNALL P B,et al.Geochemical and ecological aspects of lower Frasnian pyrite-ammonoid level at Kostomoty(Holy Cross Mountains,Poland)[J].Geological Quarterly,2004,48(3):267-282
[43]吴朝东.湘西震旦—寒武纪交替时期古海洋环境的恢复[J].地学前缘,2000,7(增刊2):45-57WU C D.Recovery of the paleoocean environment in the alternating epoch of Late Sinian and Early Cambrian in the West Hunan[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(S2):45-57
[44]ZHOU C M,JIANG S Y.Palaeoceanographic redox environments for the lower Cambrian Hetang Formation in south China:evidence from pyrite framboids,redox sensitive trace elements,and sponge biota occurrence[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2009,271(3/4):279-286
[45]NIELSEN J K,SHEN Y.Evidence for sulfidic deep water during the Late Permian in the East Greenland Basin[J].Geology,2004,32(12):1037-1040
[46]熊小辉,王剑,余谦,等.富有机质黑色页岩形成环境及背景的元素地球化学反演——以渝东北地区田坝剖面五峰组-龙马溪组页岩为例[J].天然气工业,2015,35(4):25-32XIONG X H,WANG J,YU Q,et al.Element geochemistry inversion of the environment and background of organic-rich black shale formations:a case study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi black shale in the Tianba section in northeastern Chongqing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(4):25-32
[47]张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):109-114,151-152ZHANG J C,JIANG S L,TANG X,et al.Accumulation types and resources characteristics of shale gas in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(12):109-114,151-152
[48]LOUCKS R G,RUPPCL S C.Mississippian Barnett shale:lithofacics and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601
[49]CURTIS M E,SONDERGELD C H,AMBROSE R J,et al.Microstructural investigation of gas shales in two and three dimensions using nanometer-scale resolution imaging[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(4):665-677
[50]陈康,张金川,唐玄,等.湘鄂西地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩吸附能力主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(1):23-29CHEN K,ZHANG J C,TANG X,et al.Main controlling factors on shale adsorption capacity of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in western Hunan-Hubei area[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(1):23-29
[51]朱华.渝页1井页岩气聚集地质条件解剖[D].北京:中国地质大学,2011ZHU H.Geological analysis on shale gas accumulation of well Yuye1[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2011
[52]张琴,刘洪林,拜文华,等.渝东南地区龙马溪组页岩含气量及其主控因素分析[J].天然气工业,2013,33(5):35-39ZHANG Q,LIU H L,BAI W H,et al.Shale gas content and its main controlling factors in Longmaxi shales in southeastern Chongqing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(5):35-39
[53]KAPLAN I R,BIRD K J,TAILLEUR I L.Source of molten elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide from the Inigok well,northern Alaska[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(2):337-354
[54]聂海宽,张金川.页岩气聚集条件及含气量计算——以四川盆地及其周缘下古生界为例[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):349-361NIE H K,ZHANG J C.Shale gas accumulation conditions and gas content calculation:a case study of Sichuan Basin and its periphery in the Lower Paleozoic[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):349-361
[55]SHILEY R H,CLUFF R M,DKERSON D R,et al.Correlation of natural gas content to iron species in the New Albany shale group[J].Fuel,1981,60(8):732-738
[56]HUNT J M,LEWAN M D,HENNET R J C.Modeling oil generation with time-temperature index graphs based on the Arrhenius equation[J].AAPG Bulletin,1991,75:4(4):795-807
[57]WANG Q T,LU H,SHEN C C,et al.Impact of inorganically bound sulfur on late shale gas generation[J].Energy&Fuels,2014,28(2):785-793
[58]MA X X,ZHENG J J,ZHENG G D,et al.Influence of pyrite on hydrocarbon generation during pyrolysis of type-Ⅲkerogen[J].Fuel,2016,167:329-336
[59]崔景伟,邹才能,朱如凯,等.页岩孔隙研究新进展[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(12):1319-1325CUI J W,ZOU C N,ZHU R K,et al.New advances in shale porosity research[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(12):1319-1325
[60]LOUCKS R G,REED R M,RUPPEL S C,et al.Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett shale[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79(12):848-861
[61]赵文龙.川南地区志留系龙马溪组页岩储层电性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015ZHAO W L.Reservoir of electricity of Silurian Longmaxi shale in South Sichuan area[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2015
[62]雷闯.复电阻率法在涪陵地区页岩气勘探中的试验[C]∥中国石油学会物探技术研讨会论文集.[出版地不详]:中国石油学会石油物探专业委员会,2015:814-817LEI C.Experiment of complex resistivity method on shale gas exploration in Fuling area[C]∥Proceedings of Geophysical Technology Symposium,Chinese Petroleum Society.[s.l.]:Petroleum Geophysical Exploration Committee of China Petroleum Society,2015:814-817
[63]黄涛.页岩岩心复电阻率实验室测试与分析[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016HUANG T.Complex resistivity of shale core laboratory testing and analysis[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2016
[64]罗方兵.川南—渝东周缘地区富有机质页岩电性特征及勘探意义研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016LUO F B.The research of electrical characteristics and prospecting significance of organic-rich shale in southern Sichuan and eastern Chongqing area[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2016
[65]向葵,严良俊,胡华,等.南方海相页岩脆性指数与电性关系分析[J].石油物探,2016,55(6):894-903XIANG K,YAN L J,HU H,et al.Relationship analysis between brittle index and electrical properties of marine shale in South China[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(6):894-903
[66]左银卿,刘炜,袁路波,等.含黄铁矿低电阻率储层测井评价技术[J].测井技术,2007,31(1):25-29ZUO Y Q,LIU W,YUAN L B,et al.Logging evaluation technique for low resistivity reservoir containing pyrite[J].Well Logging Technology,2007,31(1):25-29
[67]秦晓艳,王震亮,于红岩,等.基于岩石物理与矿物组成的页岩脆性评价新方法[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(10):1924-1932,1941QIN X Y,WANG Z L,YU H Y,et al.A new shale brittleness evaluation method based on rock physics and mineral compositions[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(10):1924-1932,1941
[68]游利军,康毅力,陈强,等.氧化爆裂提高页岩气采收率的前景[J].天然气工业,2017,37(5):53-61YOU L J,KANG Y L,CHEN Q,et al.Prospect of shale gas recovery enhancement by oxidation-induced rock burst[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(5):53-61
[69]HARRISON A L,JEW A D,DUSTIN M K,et al.Element release and reaction-induced porosity alteration during shale-hydraulic fracturing fluid interactions[J].Applied Geochemistry,2017,82:47-62
[70]游利军,康毅力,杨鹏飞,等.增加页岩气井压裂改造缝网密度的方法:中国,105626028A[P].2016-06-01YOU L J,KANG Y L,YANG P F,et al.A method of increasing fracture network density in shale gas well fracturing,China,105626028A[P].2016-06-01
[71]谭鹏,金衍,韩玲,等.酸液预处理对深部裂缝性页岩储层压裂的影响机制[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(2):384-390TAN P,JIN Y,HAN L,et al.Influencing mechanism of acidizing pretreatment on hydraulic fracture for deep fractured shale reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(2):384-390