柴达木盆地石灰沟地区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层特征及控制因素
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摘要
基于对柴达木盆地石灰沟地区下古生界野外剖面的踏勘实测及样品采集,综合应用薄片观察、扫描电镜,以及常规物性分析方法,对下古生界碳酸盐岩储层的储集特征及控制因素进行了研究。研究结果表明:储层原生孔隙不发育,物性相对较差,但次生孔隙,如溶蚀性孔洞、裂缝及孔洞-裂缝等孔隙类型优势发育;储层性质的控制因素主要为岩石组构、成岩演化和构造运动等。通过对各种因素的综合分析,认为储层的孔喉结构是以原生孔隙为基础,经后期复杂的成岩作用及多期构造叠加改造而成的;先期的溶蚀是受岩石组构控制的选择性溶蚀,而后期构造运动产生的缝隙是溶蚀性储层发育的关键因素。
Being an important type of reservoir in Qaidam Basin,carbonate reservoirs developed widely in the northeast of Qaidam Basin. Based on the field profile survey and samples collection of Lower Palaeozoic in Shihuigou Area of Qaidam Basin, the characteristics and controlling factors of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs were studied by means of thin section observation, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and conventional physical property analysis.The results show that the reservoir primary pore does not develop and the physical property is relatively poor.However, secondary pores such as the dissolution pore, fractures and other type of pore develop. The controlling factors of reservoir properties are selective dissolution, diagenesis and tectonic movement. Through comprehensive analysis of various factors, it is concluded that the pore throat structure of the reservoir is based on the primary pores and reformed by complex diagenesis and the superposition of multi-period tectonism in the later period. The early dissolution is the selective dissolution controlled by the rock fabric, while the crevice produced by the later tectonic movement is the key factor for the development of dissolution reservoir.
Being an important type of reservoir in Qaidam Basin,carbonate reservoirs developed widely in the northeast of Qaidam Basin. Based on the field profile survey and samples collection of Lower Palaeozoic in Shihuigou Area of Qaidam Basin, the characteristics and controlling factors of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs were studied by means of thin section observation, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and conventional physical property analysis.The results show that the reservoir primary pore does not develop and the physical property is relatively poor.However, secondary pores such as the dissolution pore, fractures and other type of pore develop. The controlling factors of reservoir properties are selective dissolution, diagenesis and tectonic movement. Through comprehensive analysis of various factors, it is concluded that the pore throat structure of the reservoir is based on the primary pores and reformed by complex diagenesis and the superposition of multi-period tectonism in the later period. The early dissolution is the selective dissolution controlled by the rock fabric, while the crevice produced by the later tectonic movement is the key factor for the development of dissolution reservoir.
引文
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[24]刘文平,刘成林,万茂霞,等.柴达木盆地德令哈地区下古生界成藏地质条件研究[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):119-126.
[25]马帅,陈世悦,孙娇鹏,等.柴达木盆地北缘欧龙布鲁克微地块早古生代岩相古地理[J].中国地质,2016,43(6):2011-2021.
[26]王惠初,陆松年,莫宣学,等.柴达木盆地北缘早古生代碰撞造山系统[J].地质通报,2005,24(7):603-612.
[27]辛后田,王惠初,周世军.柴北缘的大地构造演化及其地质事件群[J].地质调查与研究,2006,29(4):311-320.
[28]商琳,戴俊生,夏瑞杰,等.柴达木盆地北缘东段石炭纪至白垩纪构造演化模式及地层缺失原因探讨[J].地质论评,2014,60(4):780-789.
[2]高俊,夏露,李英杰,等.柴达木盆地东部石炭系页岩气储层渗流特征研究[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):103-112.
[3]史仁灯,杨经绥,吴才来,等.柴达木北缘超高压变质带中的岛弧火山岩[J].地质学报,2004,78(1):52-64.
[4]高长海,查明.柴达木盆地北缘北西(西)向断裂及其油气地质意义[J].地球学报,2007,28(3):283-290.
[5]刘成林,马寅生,周刚,等.柴达木盆地石炭系生烃证据[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):925-931.
[6]代昆,刘成林,肖敦清,等.柴达木盆地欧龙布鲁克地区构造演化研究[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):33-44.
[7]寇福德,朱玉洁,李建明.柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区下侏罗统储层特征研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2005(12):86-90.
[8]甘贵元,严晓兰,赵东升,等.柴达木盆地德令哈断陷石油地质特征及勘探前景[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(5):499-503.
[9]刘洛夫.柴达木盆地东部地区烃源岩的生源与沉积环境[J].古地理学报,2001,3(2):82-91.
[10]王英华.碳酸盐岩成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].沉积学报,1992,10(3):85-95.
[11]张万选,张厚福.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981.
[12]强子同.碳酸盐岩储层地质学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1998:16-69.
[13]LUCIA F J. Carbonate reservoir characterization[M]. Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1999:188-222.
[14]KLASS V,GREGOR P E, RALF J W. Effect of pore structure on electrical resistivity in carbonates[J]. AAPG bulletin,2011,95(2):175-190.
[15]LUCIA F J. Petrophysical parameters estimated from visual descriptions of carbonate rocks:a field classification of carbonate pore space[J]. Journal of petroleum technology,1983, 35(3):629-637.
[16]王雷,史基安,王琪,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层主控因素分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(4):10-14.
[17]邓虎成,周文,郭睿,等.伊拉克艾哈代布油田中—下白垩统碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构及控制因素[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):801-812.
[18]秦瑞宝,李雄炎,刘春成,等.碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构的影响因素与储层参数的定量评价[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):251-259.
[19]曹中宏,张红臣,刘国勇,等.南堡凹陷碳酸盐岩优质储层发育主控因素与分布预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):103-110.
[20]庄毓凯.柴北缘古生界储层特征研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2014.
[21]吕宝凤,张越青,杨书逸.柴达木盆地构造体系特征及其成盆动力学意义[J].地质论评,2011,57(2):167-174.
[22]戴俊生,叶兴树,汤良杰,等.柴达木盆地构造分区及油气远景[J].地质科学,2003,38(3):413-424.
[23]汤良杰,金之钧,张明利,等.柴达木盆地北缘构造演化与油气成藏阶段[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):36-39.
[24]刘文平,刘成林,万茂霞,等.柴达木盆地德令哈地区下古生界成藏地质条件研究[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):119-126.
[25]马帅,陈世悦,孙娇鹏,等.柴达木盆地北缘欧龙布鲁克微地块早古生代岩相古地理[J].中国地质,2016,43(6):2011-2021.
[26]王惠初,陆松年,莫宣学,等.柴达木盆地北缘早古生代碰撞造山系统[J].地质通报,2005,24(7):603-612.
[27]辛后田,王惠初,周世军.柴北缘的大地构造演化及其地质事件群[J].地质调查与研究,2006,29(4):311-320.
[28]商琳,戴俊生,夏瑞杰,等.柴达木盆地北缘东段石炭纪至白垩纪构造演化模式及地层缺失原因探讨[J].地质论评,2014,60(4):780-789.