水化学与冻融循环共同作用下砂岩细观损伤与力学性能劣化试验研究
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摘要
为研究水化学与冻融循环共同作用下岩石的细观结构损伤及力学性能劣化特征,分别对经酸性、中性和碱性水化学溶液浸泡和冻融循环处理后的砂岩进行核磁共振测试和单轴压缩试验,分析砂岩孔隙度和力学参数的变化规律,结果显示:随水化学溶液浸泡时间的增加,砂岩强度和弹性模量均有所降低,且酸性溶液下的降幅最大。随水化学溶液冻融循环次数的增加,砂岩强度和弹性模量均有明显降低,且中性溶液冻融循环下的降幅最大;水化学溶液浸泡对砂岩小孔径孔隙度分量影响不大,而水化学溶液冻融循环对其影响显著,且不同溶液下小孔径孔隙度分量增幅较接近;水化学溶液浸泡与水化学溶液冻融循环对砂岩大孔径孔隙度分量的影响均较显著,单纯浸泡下酸性溶液增幅最大,冻融循环下中性溶液增幅最大;水化学溶液冻融循环条件下砂岩小孔径孔隙细观结构以受冻胀损伤为主,大孔径孔隙则受化学腐蚀和冻胀损伤的共同作用,在孔隙度上综合表现为冻胀与腐蚀的叠加效应,且在砂岩大孔径孔隙细观结构上,酸、碱腐蚀对其与冻胀作用的叠加效应有一定抑制作用;砂岩初始裂隙体变与核磁孔隙度变化率相关性良好。
The aim of this study is to investigate the meso-damage and degradation mechanism of sandstone under the combined effect of water chemical corrosion and freeze-thaw cycles. Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and uniaxial compression tests were conducted on the sandstone treated by acidic, neutral and alkaline solution immersion and freeze-thaw cycles, respectively. The variations of porosity and mechanical parameters of sandstone were analysed. With increasing immersion time in hydro-chemical solution, the strength and elastic modulus of sandstone decrease, and the maximum decrement occurs in specimens immersed by the acidic solution. With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the strength and elastic modulus significantly decrease, and the maximum decrement occurs in specimens immersed by the neutral solution. The porosity component of a small pore is trivially affected by water chemical corrosion, but significantly influenced by the freeze-thaw cycle. Moreover, the increase of small pore size porosity component in different solutions is close to each other. Both soaking and freeze-thaw cycle in hydrochemical solution greatly impact on the large pore-size porosity components of sandstone. Chemical corrosion has the greatest effect on the sandstone in acid solution, while the neutral solution largely affects the specimen under the interaction of chemical corrosion and freeze-thaw erosion. Under the condition of freeze-thaw cycle of hydrochemical solution, the micro-structure of small-pore sandstone is mainly damaged by frost heave, while that of large-pore sandstone is mainly damaged by chemical corrosion and frost heave. In terms of porosity, the superposition effect of frost heave and corrosion is manifested comprehensively. In the micro-structure of large-pore sandstone, the superposition effect of acid and alkali corrosion on the meso-structure of large-pore sandstone and frost heave is restrained to a certain extent. There exists a good correlation between initial fracture volume change and nuclear magnetic porosity change rate.
The aim of this study is to investigate the meso-damage and degradation mechanism of sandstone under the combined effect of water chemical corrosion and freeze-thaw cycles. Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and uniaxial compression tests were conducted on the sandstone treated by acidic, neutral and alkaline solution immersion and freeze-thaw cycles, respectively. The variations of porosity and mechanical parameters of sandstone were analysed. With increasing immersion time in hydro-chemical solution, the strength and elastic modulus of sandstone decrease, and the maximum decrement occurs in specimens immersed by the acidic solution. With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the strength and elastic modulus significantly decrease, and the maximum decrement occurs in specimens immersed by the neutral solution. The porosity component of a small pore is trivially affected by water chemical corrosion, but significantly influenced by the freeze-thaw cycle. Moreover, the increase of small pore size porosity component in different solutions is close to each other. Both soaking and freeze-thaw cycle in hydrochemical solution greatly impact on the large pore-size porosity components of sandstone. Chemical corrosion has the greatest effect on the sandstone in acid solution, while the neutral solution largely affects the specimen under the interaction of chemical corrosion and freeze-thaw erosion. Under the condition of freeze-thaw cycle of hydrochemical solution, the micro-structure of small-pore sandstone is mainly damaged by frost heave, while that of large-pore sandstone is mainly damaged by chemical corrosion and frost heave. In terms of porosity, the superposition effect of frost heave and corrosion is manifested comprehensively. In the micro-structure of large-pore sandstone, the superposition effect of acid and alkali corrosion on the meso-structure of large-pore sandstone and frost heave is restrained to a certain extent. There exists a good correlation between initial fracture volume change and nuclear magnetic porosity change rate.
引文
[1]李鹏,刘建,李国和,等.水化学作用对砂岩抗剪强度特性影响效应研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(2):380-386.LI Peng,LIU Jian,LI Guo-he,et al.Experimental study for shear strength characteristics of sandstone under water-rock interaction effects[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(2):380-386.
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[5]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,姚华彦,等.水化学溶液下灰岩力学特性及神经网络模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1173-1180.CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,YAO Hua-yan,et al.Study on mechanical behavior of limestone and simulation using neural network model under different water-chemical environments[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1173-1180.
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[7]凌斯祥,巫锡勇,孙春卫,等.水岩化学作用对黑色页岩的化学损伤及力学劣化试验研究[J].实验力学,2016,31(4):511-524.LING Si-xiang,WU Xi-yong,SUN Chun-wei,et al.Experimental study of chemical damage and mechanical deterioration of black shale due to water-rock chemical action[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2016,31(4):511-524.
[8]汤连生,王思敬.岩石水化学损伤的机制及量化方法探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):314-319.TANG Lian-sheng,WANG Si-jing.Analysis on mechanism and quantitative methods of chemical damage in water-rock interaction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):314-319.
[9]杨慧,曹平,江学良.水-岩化学作用等效裂纹扩展细观力学模型[J].岩土力学,2010,31(7):2104-2110.YANG Hui,CAO Ping,JIANG Xue-liang.Micromechanical model for equivalent crack propagation under chemical corrosion of water-rock interaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(7):2104-2110.
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[12]LIU H,NIU F J,XU Z Y,et al.Acoustic experimental study of two types of rock from the Tibetan Plateau under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles[J].Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions,2012,4(1):21-27.
[13]韩铁林,陈蕴生,师俊平,等.冻融循环下钙质砂岩力学特性及其损伤劣化机制的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(10):1802-1812.HAN Tie-lin,CHEN Yun-sheng,SHI Jun-ping,et al.Experimental study on mechanical properties and damage degradation mechanism of calcareous sandstone subjected to freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(10):1802-1812.
[14]杨更社,奚家米,李慧军,等.三向受力条件下冻结岩石力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):459-464.YANG Geng-she,XI Jia-mi,LI Hui-jun,et al.Experimental study of rock mechanical properties under triaxial compressive and frozen conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):459-464.
[15]YU J,CHEN X,LI H,et al.Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on mechanical properties and permeability of red sandstone under triaxial compression[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2015,12(1):218-231.
[16]俞缙,傅国锋,陈旭,等.冻融循环后砂岩三轴卸围压力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(10):2001-2009.YU Jin,FU Guo-feng,CHEN Xu,et al.Experimental study on mechanical properties of sandstone after freezing-thawing cycles under triaxial confining pressure unloading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(10):2001-2009.
[17]张慧梅,杨更社.冻融与荷载耦合作用下岩石损伤模型的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):471-476.ZHANG Hui-mei,YANG Geng-she.Research on damage model of rock under coupling action of freeze-thaw and load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):471-476.
[18]MCGREEVY J P,WHALLEY W B.Rock moisture content and frost weathering under natural and experimental conditions:A comparative discussion[J].Arctic and Alpine Research,1985,17(3):337-346.
[19]韩铁林,师俊平,陈蕴生,等.砂岩在化学腐蚀和冻融循环共同作用下力学特征劣化的试验研究[J].水利学报,2016,47(5):644-655.HAN Tie-lin,SHI Jun-ping,CHEN Yun-sheng,et al.Laboratory investigations on the mechanical properties degradation of sandstone under the combined action between water chemical corrosion and freezing and thawing cycles[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(5):644-655.
[20]陈有亮,王朋,张学伟,等.花岗岩在化学溶蚀和冻融循环后的力学性能试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(12):2226-2235.CHEN You-liang,WANG Peng,ZHANG Xue-wei,et al.Experimental research on mechanical properties of granite in chemical dissolution under freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(12):2226-2235.
[21]丁梧秀,徐桃,王鸿毅,等.水化学溶液及冻融耦合作用下灰岩力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(5):979-985.DING Wu-xiu,XU Tao,WANG Hong-yi,et al.Experimental study of mechanical property of limestone under coupled chemical solution and freezing-thawing process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(5):979-985.
[22]张继周,缪林昌,杨振峰.冻融条件下岩石损伤劣化机制和力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1688-1694.ZHANG Ji-zhou,MIAO Lin-chang,YANG Zhen-feng.Research on rock degradation and deterioration mechanisms and mechanical characteristics under cyclic freezing-thawing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1688-1694.
[23]CAI Yan-yan,YU Jin,FU Guo-feng,et al.Experimental investigation on the relevance of mechanical properties and porosity of sandstone after hydro chemical erosion[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2016,13(11):2053-2068.
[24]ZHOU K P,LI B,LI J L,et al.Microscopic damage and dynamic mechanical properties of rock under freeze-thaw environment[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(4):1254-1261.
[25]LI J L,ZHOU K P,LIU W J,et al.NMR research on deterioration characteristics of microscopic structure of sandstones in freeze-thaw cycles[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(11):2997-3003.
[26]MARTIN C D.The strength of massive Lac du Bonnet granite around underground openings[D].Manitoba,Canada:University of Manitoba,1993.
[27]MARTIN C D,CHANDLER N A.The progressive fracture of Lac du Bonnet granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1994,31(6):643-659.
[2]汤连生,张鹏程.水化学损伤对岩石弹性模量的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2000,29(5):126-128.TANG Lian-sheng,ZHANG Peng-cheng.Influence of chemical damage of water on elastic modulus of rocks[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2000,29(5):126-128.
[3]汤连生,张鹏程,王思敬.水-岩化学作用的岩石宏观力学效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(4):526-531.TANG Lian-sheng,ZHANG Peng-cheng,WANG Si-jing.Testing study on macroscopic mechanics effect of chemical action of water on rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(4):526-531.
[4]王伟,李雪浩,朱其志,等.水化学腐蚀对砂板岩力学性能影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(9):2559-2566,2573.WANG Wei,LI Xue-hao,ZHU Qi-zhi,et al.Experimental study of mechanical characteristics of sandy slate under chemical corrosion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(9):2559-2566,2573.
[5]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,姚华彦,等.水化学溶液下灰岩力学特性及神经网络模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1173-1180.CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,YAO Hua-yan,et al.Study on mechanical behavior of limestone and simulation using neural network model under different water-chemical environments[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1173-1180.
[6]姚华彦,冯夏庭,崔强,等.化学侵蚀下硬脆性灰岩变形和强度特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(2):338-344.YAO Hua-yan,FENG Xia-ting,CUI Qiang,et al.Experimental study of effect of chemical corrosion on strength and deformation of hard brittle limestone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(2):338-344.
[7]凌斯祥,巫锡勇,孙春卫,等.水岩化学作用对黑色页岩的化学损伤及力学劣化试验研究[J].实验力学,2016,31(4):511-524.LING Si-xiang,WU Xi-yong,SUN Chun-wei,et al.Experimental study of chemical damage and mechanical deterioration of black shale due to water-rock chemical action[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2016,31(4):511-524.
[8]汤连生,王思敬.岩石水化学损伤的机制及量化方法探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):314-319.TANG Lian-sheng,WANG Si-jing.Analysis on mechanism and quantitative methods of chemical damage in water-rock interaction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):314-319.
[9]杨慧,曹平,江学良.水-岩化学作用等效裂纹扩展细观力学模型[J].岩土力学,2010,31(7):2104-2110.YANG Hui,CAO Ping,JIANG Xue-liang.Micromechanical model for equivalent crack propagation under chemical corrosion of water-rock interaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(7):2104-2110.
[10]YANG G S,ZHANG Q S,PU Y B.A study on the damage propagation characteristics of rock under the frost and thaw condition[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(6):838-842.
[11]吴安杰,邓建华,顾乡,等.冻融循环作用下泥质白云岩力学特性及损伤演化规律研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(11):3065-3072.WU An-jie,DENG Jian-hua,GU Xiang,et al.Research on mechanical properties and damage evolution law of argillaceous dolomite freeze-thaw cycles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(11):3065-3072.
[12]LIU H,NIU F J,XU Z Y,et al.Acoustic experimental study of two types of rock from the Tibetan Plateau under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles[J].Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions,2012,4(1):21-27.
[13]韩铁林,陈蕴生,师俊平,等.冻融循环下钙质砂岩力学特性及其损伤劣化机制的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(10):1802-1812.HAN Tie-lin,CHEN Yun-sheng,SHI Jun-ping,et al.Experimental study on mechanical properties and damage degradation mechanism of calcareous sandstone subjected to freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(10):1802-1812.
[14]杨更社,奚家米,李慧军,等.三向受力条件下冻结岩石力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):459-464.YANG Geng-she,XI Jia-mi,LI Hui-jun,et al.Experimental study of rock mechanical properties under triaxial compressive and frozen conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):459-464.
[15]YU J,CHEN X,LI H,et al.Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on mechanical properties and permeability of red sandstone under triaxial compression[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2015,12(1):218-231.
[16]俞缙,傅国锋,陈旭,等.冻融循环后砂岩三轴卸围压力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(10):2001-2009.YU Jin,FU Guo-feng,CHEN Xu,et al.Experimental study on mechanical properties of sandstone after freezing-thawing cycles under triaxial confining pressure unloading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(10):2001-2009.
[17]张慧梅,杨更社.冻融与荷载耦合作用下岩石损伤模型的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):471-476.ZHANG Hui-mei,YANG Geng-she.Research on damage model of rock under coupling action of freeze-thaw and load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):471-476.
[18]MCGREEVY J P,WHALLEY W B.Rock moisture content and frost weathering under natural and experimental conditions:A comparative discussion[J].Arctic and Alpine Research,1985,17(3):337-346.
[19]韩铁林,师俊平,陈蕴生,等.砂岩在化学腐蚀和冻融循环共同作用下力学特征劣化的试验研究[J].水利学报,2016,47(5):644-655.HAN Tie-lin,SHI Jun-ping,CHEN Yun-sheng,et al.Laboratory investigations on the mechanical properties degradation of sandstone under the combined action between water chemical corrosion and freezing and thawing cycles[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(5):644-655.
[20]陈有亮,王朋,张学伟,等.花岗岩在化学溶蚀和冻融循环后的力学性能试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(12):2226-2235.CHEN You-liang,WANG Peng,ZHANG Xue-wei,et al.Experimental research on mechanical properties of granite in chemical dissolution under freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(12):2226-2235.
[21]丁梧秀,徐桃,王鸿毅,等.水化学溶液及冻融耦合作用下灰岩力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(5):979-985.DING Wu-xiu,XU Tao,WANG Hong-yi,et al.Experimental study of mechanical property of limestone under coupled chemical solution and freezing-thawing process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(5):979-985.
[22]张继周,缪林昌,杨振峰.冻融条件下岩石损伤劣化机制和力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1688-1694.ZHANG Ji-zhou,MIAO Lin-chang,YANG Zhen-feng.Research on rock degradation and deterioration mechanisms and mechanical characteristics under cyclic freezing-thawing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1688-1694.
[23]CAI Yan-yan,YU Jin,FU Guo-feng,et al.Experimental investigation on the relevance of mechanical properties and porosity of sandstone after hydro chemical erosion[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2016,13(11):2053-2068.
[24]ZHOU K P,LI B,LI J L,et al.Microscopic damage and dynamic mechanical properties of rock under freeze-thaw environment[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(4):1254-1261.
[25]LI J L,ZHOU K P,LIU W J,et al.NMR research on deterioration characteristics of microscopic structure of sandstones in freeze-thaw cycles[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(11):2997-3003.
[26]MARTIN C D.The strength of massive Lac du Bonnet granite around underground openings[D].Manitoba,Canada:University of Manitoba,1993.
[27]MARTIN C D,CHANDLER N A.The progressive fracture of Lac du Bonnet granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1994,31(6):643-659.