城市社区老年人健康老龄化现状及相关因素分析
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摘要
目的了解城市社区老年人健康老龄化现状及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,根据地区特点及老年人口比例,选取北京、沈阳、武汉3个地区12个社区卫生服务中心/站所辖区域的492名城市社区老年人进行调查。结果社区老年人的健康老龄化中位数得分为129分,条目的中位数得分为3.7分;其中老年人社会参与较差。文化程度、邻居关系网络、朋友关系网络是社区老年人健康老龄化重要的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论社区老年人的健康老龄化水平有待提高。社区护理作为促进社区老年人健康老龄化的重要力量,在护理实践中一方面需要考虑不同文化程度老年人的理解力和接受度,另一方面需积极调动老年人的邻居关系网络、朋友关系网络等资源共同促进健康老龄化。
Objective To investigate the level and determinants of healthy aging in urban community in China.Methods Convenience sampling method was employed.A total of 492 older adults were selected from 12 urban community health service centers/stations in Beijing,Shenyang and Wuhan according to their regional characteristics and proportion of old persons,then they were surveyed.Results The median score of healthy aging was 129,and the median item score was 3.7.Social participation of the elderly was poor.Education level,neighborhood network and friendship network were predictors of healthy aging in community older population(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Healthy aging of community older population needs to be improved.Community nursing plays an important role in promoting healthy aging of the elderly,so nurses should consider the understanding and acceptance of healthy aging in the elderly with different education levels,and mobilize neighbors and friends of the elderly to participate in.
Objective To investigate the level and determinants of healthy aging in urban community in China.Methods Convenience sampling method was employed.A total of 492 older adults were selected from 12 urban community health service centers/stations in Beijing,Shenyang and Wuhan according to their regional characteristics and proportion of old persons,then they were surveyed.Results The median score of healthy aging was 129,and the median item score was 3.7.Social participation of the elderly was poor.Education level,neighborhood network and friendship network were predictors of healthy aging in community older population(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Healthy aging of community older population needs to be improved.Community nursing plays an important role in promoting healthy aging of the elderly,so nurses should consider the understanding and acceptance of healthy aging in the elderly with different education levels,and mobilize neighbors and friends of the elderly to participate in.
引文
[1]世界卫生组织.关于老龄化与健康的全球报告[R/OL].[2018-03-01].http://www.who.int/ageing/publications/world-report-2015/zh/.
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[3]姜向群,魏蒙,张文娟.中国老年人口的健康状况及影响因素研究[J].人口学刊,2015,37(2):46-56.
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[5]Mendoza-Nú1ez V M,González-Mantilla F,CorreaMu1oz E,et al.Relationship between social support networks and physical functioning in older communitydwelling Mexicans[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,993(14):1-9.
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[12]郭金玉,李峥.量表引进的过程及评价标准[J].中华护理杂志,2012,47(3):283-285.
[13]钱军程.中国老年人口健康老龄化四个社会效果维度的测量研究[J].老龄科学研究,2013,1(1):73-79.
[14]Wenger G C,Dykstra P A,Melkas T,et al.Social embeddedness and late-life parenthood:community activity,close ties,and support networks[J].J Fam Issues,2007,28(11):1419-1456.
[15]王庆端.上海市杨浦区十所社区老年人参与体育锻炼的现状调查与研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2014.
[16]Chatterji S,Byles J,Cutler D,et al.Health,functioning,and disability in older adults-present status and future implications[J].Lancet,2015,385(9967):563-575.
[17]Prince M J,Wu F,Guo Y,et al.The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice[J].Lancet,2015,385(9967):549-562.
[18]曾文,李卫燕,陆嘉燕.澳门老年人社会网络与身体健康状况及日常居家活动能力的相关性分析[J].护理管理杂志,2012,12(7):457-459.
[19]徐玲,雷鹏,吴擢春.中国城市老年人自感健康与社会网络的关系研究[J].中国健康教育,2011,27(7):494-497.
[20]纵蒙蒙,徐辉,巢健茜,等.南京市老年人健康自我管理现状[J].中国老年学杂志,2015,35(14):4002-4004.
[21]王黎荔,林丹,邵永强,等.社区中老年人营养知信行水平调查[J].浙江预防医学,2017,29(12):1203-1206.
[22]姜娅,柳韦华.社区老年人用药安全认知、态度及自我效能调查分析[J].护理学杂志,2017,32(13):80-83.
[23]Li T,Zhang Y.Social network types and the health of older adults:exploring reciprocal associations[J].Soc Sci Med,2015,130:59-68.
[24]张文娟,赵德宇.城市中低龄老年人的社会参与模式研究[J].人口与发展,2015,21(1):78-88.
[25]Cornwell B,Laumann E O.The health benefits of network growth:new evidence from a national survey of older adults[J].Soc Sci Med,2015,125:94-106.
[26]Beard J R,Officer A,de Carvalho I A,et al.The world report on ageing and health:a policy framework for healthy ageing[J].Lancet,2016,387(10033):2145-2154.
[27]Park S,Kang J Y,Chadiha L A.Social network types,health,and health-care use among south Korean older adults[J].Res Aging,2018,40(2):131-154.
[2]杜鹏,董亭月.促进健康老龄化:理念变革与政策创新-对世界卫生组织《关于老龄化与健康的全球报告》的解读[J].老龄科学研究,2015,3(12):3-10.
[3]姜向群,魏蒙,张文娟.中国老年人口的健康状况及影响因素研究[J].人口学刊,2015,37(2):46-56.
[4]Liu L,Su P.What factors influence healthy aging?A person-cenrered approach among older adults in Taiwan[J].Geriatr Gerontol Int,2016,17(5):697-707.
[5]Mendoza-Nú1ez V M,González-Mantilla F,CorreaMu1oz E,et al.Relationship between social support networks and physical functioning in older communitydwelling Mexicans[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,993(14):1-9.
[6]Manasatchakun P,Chotiga P,Hochwlder J,et al.Factors associated with healthy aging among older persons in northeastern Thailand[J].J Cross-Cult Gerontol,2016,31(4):369-384.
[7]Lubben J,Blozik E,Gillmann G,et al.Performance of an Abbreviated Version of the Lubben Social Network Scale among three European community-dwelling older adult populations[J].Gerontologist,2006,46(4):503-513.
[8]Description of the LSNS[EB/OL].(2016-04-26)[2018-03-10].http://www.bc.edu/schools/gssw/lubben/description_of_thelsns.html.
[9]Burnette D,Myagmarjav S.Translation and validation of the 18-item Lubben Social Network Scale with older adults in Mongolia[J].Int Psychogeriatr,2013,9(25):1493-1502.
[10]Thiamwong L,Maneesriwongul W,Malathum P,et al.Development and psychometric testing of the healthy aging instrument[J].Thai J Nurs Res,2008,12(4):285-296.
[11]Sousa V D,Rojjanasrirat W.Translation,adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research:a clear and user-friendly guideline[J].J Eval Clin Pract,2011,17(2):268-274.
[12]郭金玉,李峥.量表引进的过程及评价标准[J].中华护理杂志,2012,47(3):283-285.
[13]钱军程.中国老年人口健康老龄化四个社会效果维度的测量研究[J].老龄科学研究,2013,1(1):73-79.
[14]Wenger G C,Dykstra P A,Melkas T,et al.Social embeddedness and late-life parenthood:community activity,close ties,and support networks[J].J Fam Issues,2007,28(11):1419-1456.
[15]王庆端.上海市杨浦区十所社区老年人参与体育锻炼的现状调查与研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2014.
[16]Chatterji S,Byles J,Cutler D,et al.Health,functioning,and disability in older adults-present status and future implications[J].Lancet,2015,385(9967):563-575.
[17]Prince M J,Wu F,Guo Y,et al.The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice[J].Lancet,2015,385(9967):549-562.
[18]曾文,李卫燕,陆嘉燕.澳门老年人社会网络与身体健康状况及日常居家活动能力的相关性分析[J].护理管理杂志,2012,12(7):457-459.
[19]徐玲,雷鹏,吴擢春.中国城市老年人自感健康与社会网络的关系研究[J].中国健康教育,2011,27(7):494-497.
[20]纵蒙蒙,徐辉,巢健茜,等.南京市老年人健康自我管理现状[J].中国老年学杂志,2015,35(14):4002-4004.
[21]王黎荔,林丹,邵永强,等.社区中老年人营养知信行水平调查[J].浙江预防医学,2017,29(12):1203-1206.
[22]姜娅,柳韦华.社区老年人用药安全认知、态度及自我效能调查分析[J].护理学杂志,2017,32(13):80-83.
[23]Li T,Zhang Y.Social network types and the health of older adults:exploring reciprocal associations[J].Soc Sci Med,2015,130:59-68.
[24]张文娟,赵德宇.城市中低龄老年人的社会参与模式研究[J].人口与发展,2015,21(1):78-88.
[25]Cornwell B,Laumann E O.The health benefits of network growth:new evidence from a national survey of older adults[J].Soc Sci Med,2015,125:94-106.
[26]Beard J R,Officer A,de Carvalho I A,et al.The world report on ageing and health:a policy framework for healthy ageing[J].Lancet,2016,387(10033):2145-2154.
[27]Park S,Kang J Y,Chadiha L A.Social network types,health,and health-care use among south Korean older adults[J].Res Aging,2018,40(2):131-154.