科层组织的时间维度:差序、支配与管理
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摘要
本文以科层组织的时间维度为切入点,从宏观、中观和微观层面界定了社会时间、科层组织时间和个人时间对科层组织的意涵;提出了时间价值、时间管理能力和时间支配权三个分析概念;构建了我国科层组织时空结构的一般模型;并结合上述概念与模型分析了差序分布之下,我国科层组织运作过程的时间特征及其所诱发的组织后果;最后,本文为未来的科层组织时间研究,提出了可能的实证探索方向。
Based on the previous researches, this paper focuses on the temporal dimension of hierarchy in an effort to explore and interpret the indispensible value of temporal study in public management. Firstly, this paper defines the meanings of social time, organizational time and personal time to the hierarchical organizations,and articulates three analyzing concepts: time value, time management ability and time discretion. Secondly,this paper develops a general model to portrait the temporal and spatial structure of the Chinese hierarchical organizations. Using these concepts and model, this paper discusses the possible consequences and organizational outcomes of the Chinese hierarchy. Last but not least, this paper explores some promising directions and issues for further studies.
Based on the previous researches, this paper focuses on the temporal dimension of hierarchy in an effort to explore and interpret the indispensible value of temporal study in public management. Firstly, this paper defines the meanings of social time, organizational time and personal time to the hierarchical organizations,and articulates three analyzing concepts: time value, time management ability and time discretion. Secondly,this paper develops a general model to portrait the temporal and spatial structure of the Chinese hierarchical organizations. Using these concepts and model, this paper discusses the possible consequences and organizational outcomes of the Chinese hierarchy. Last but not least, this paper explores some promising directions and issues for further studies.
引文
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[22]Zerubavel,E..Private Time and Public Time:the Temporal Structure of Social Accessibility and Professional Commitments.Social forces,1979(1).
[23]练宏.注意力分配--基于跨学科视角的理论述评[J].社会学研究,2015(4).
[24]Repenning,N.P.Understanding fire fighting in new product development.Journal of Product Innovation Management,2001(5).
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[26]Yadav,M.S.,Prabhu,J.C.,Chandy R.K.Managing the Future:CEO Attention and Innovation Outcomes.Journal of Marketing,2007(4).
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[28]Mark,G.,Gudith,D.,Klocke U.The Cost of Interrupted Work:More Speed and Stress.Sigchi Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Florence,2008.pp107-110.
[30]Coviello,D.,Persico,N.,Goldberg,P.K.Time Allocation and Task Juggling.American Economic Review,2014(2).
[2][德]马克斯·韦伯.韦伯作品集--支配社会学[M].简惠美译.西宁:广西师范大学出版社,2004.82.
[3]薄贵利.集权分权与国家兴衰[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2001.
[4]Gabriella,M.,Qian,Y.Y.,Weingast,B.R.Federalism,Chinese Style:The Political Basis for Economic Success in China.World Politics,1995(1).
[5]史普原.政府组织间的权责配置--兼论“项目制”[J].社会学研究,2016(2).
[6]渠敬东.项目制:一种新的国家治理体制[J].中国社会科学,2012(5).
[7]Agranoff,R.,Mcguire,M..Collaborative Public Management:New Strategies for Local Governments.Washington D.C:Georgetown University Press,2004.
[8][英]安东尼·吉登斯.社会的构成[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1998.62.
[9][美]塔尔科特·帕森斯.社会行动的结构[M].南京:译林出版社,2012.860.
[10]Noonan,J.Thought-Time,Money-Time and the Conditions of Free Academic Labour.Time&Society,2015(1).
[11]黄希庭,张志杰.论个人的时间管理倾向[J].心理科学,2001(5).
[12]Link,A.N.,Swann,C.A.,Bozeman,B.A.Time Allocation Study of University Faculty.Economics of Education Review,2008(4).
[13][29]Perlow,L.A..The Time Famine:Toward a Sociology of Work Time.Administrative Science Quarterly,1999(1).
[14][21]倪星,黄佳圳.工作打断、运动式治理与科层组织的应对策略[J].江汉论坛,2016(5).
[15]Lewis,J.D.,Weigert,A.J..The Structures and Meanings of Social Time.in Hassard J.The Sociology of Time.London:Palgrave Macmillan,1990.pp432-462.
[16]王汉生,王一鸽.目标管理责任制:农村基层政权的实践逻辑[J].社会学研究,2009(2).
[17]Holmstrom,B.,Milgrom,P.Multitask Principal-Agent Analyses:Incentive Contracts,Asset Ownership,and Job Design.Journal of Law Economics&Organization,1991(7.Special Issue).
[18][19]练宏.注意力竞争--基于参与观察与多案例的组织学分析[J].社会学研究,2016(4).
[20]Anderson,D.M.,Slade,C.P.Managing Institutional Research Advancement:Implications from a University Faculty Time Allocation Study.Research in Higher Education,2016(1).
[22]Zerubavel,E..Private Time and Public Time:the Temporal Structure of Social Accessibility and Professional Commitments.Social forces,1979(1).
[23]练宏.注意力分配--基于跨学科视角的理论述评[J].社会学研究,2015(4).
[24]Repenning,N.P.Understanding fire fighting in new product development.Journal of Product Innovation Management,2001(5).
[25]李琳琳.时不我待:中国大学教师学术工作的时间观研究[J].北京大学教育评论,2017(1).
[26]Yadav,M.S.,Prabhu,J.C.,Chandy R.K.Managing the Future:CEO Attention and Innovation Outcomes.Journal of Marketing,2007(4).
[27]Roy,D.F.“Banana Time”:Job Satisfaction and Informal Interaction.Human Organization,1959(4).
[28]Mark,G.,Gudith,D.,Klocke U.The Cost of Interrupted Work:More Speed and Stress.Sigchi Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Florence,2008.pp107-110.
[30]Coviello,D.,Persico,N.,Goldberg,P.K.Time Allocation and Task Juggling.American Economic Review,2014(2).