大管径超声波测流误差的影响因素及修正分析
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摘要
流量测量是影响水轮机效率测试精度最主要的因素。大管径流量测量的方法主要采用超声波法,然而,其测量精度及误差构成尚无有效的校验方法。结合时差法超声波流量计的测流原理,推导得到流量综合误差,建立测流误差描述模型。提出一种基于流量测量理想系统来进行误差分析的量化方法,为超声波测流系统的误差分析与控制提供一种新的途径。通过测流理想系统对超声波测流精度的影响因素进行仿真研究,分析了各项参数测量误差对系统综合误差的影响,针对影响较大的主导因素提出了相关修正方法,并对系统综合误差的控制进行了分析。最后搭建实验系统进行研究,实验结果初步验证了该方法的有效性。
Flow measurement is the most important factor affecting the test accuracy of hydro turbine efficiency. Ultrasonic method is mainly used in the flow measurement of large diameter-pipe. However, there is no effective calibration method for its measurement accuracy and error composition. Based on the principle of ultrasonic time difference flow measurement, the comprehensive flow error is deduced and the flow measurement error description model is established. A quantization method for error analysis based on ideal flow measurement system is proposed, which provides an analytical approach for error analysis and control of ultrasonic flow measurement system. The influence of ideal flow measurement system on the accuracy of ultrasonic flow measurement is simulated. The influence of the measurement errors of various parameters on the comprehensive errors of the system is analyzed. The relevant correction methods are proposed for the major influential factors, and the control of the comprehensive error of the system is analyzed. Finally, the experimental system is set up, and the experimental results preliminarily verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Flow measurement is the most important factor affecting the test accuracy of hydro turbine efficiency. Ultrasonic method is mainly used in the flow measurement of large diameter-pipe. However, there is no effective calibration method for its measurement accuracy and error composition. Based on the principle of ultrasonic time difference flow measurement, the comprehensive flow error is deduced and the flow measurement error description model is established. A quantization method for error analysis based on ideal flow measurement system is proposed, which provides an analytical approach for error analysis and control of ultrasonic flow measurement system. The influence of ideal flow measurement system on the accuracy of ultrasonic flow measurement is simulated. The influence of the measurement errors of various parameters on the comprehensive errors of the system is analyzed. The relevant correction methods are proposed for the major influential factors, and the control of the comprehensive error of the system is analyzed. Finally, the experimental system is set up, and the experimental results preliminarily verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
引文
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[12] 马立玲,郭坤,王军政.液体超声流量测量中的传播时间精度分析[J].仪器仪表学报,2012,33(5):1028-1034.MA L L,GUO K,WANG J ZH.Study of the accuracy of transit time ultrasonic flow measurement for liquids [J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2012,33(5):1028-1034.
[13] 葛辉,隋修武,王硕,等.超声波流量测量的误差分析与补偿方法研究[J].传感器与微系统,2015,34(10):38- 40.GE H,SUI X W,WANG SH,et al.Study on error analysis and compensation method of ultrasonic wave flow measurement [J].Sensors and Microsystems,2015,34(10):38- 40.
[14] 杨志勇,高钦和.提高小管径时差法超声波流量测量系统测量精度的研究[J].计量技术,2008,52(12):3-7.YANG ZH Y,GAO Q H.Research on improving measurement accuracy of ultrasonic flow measurement system with small diameter time difference method [J].Measurement Technique,2008,52(12):3-7.
[15] 杨声将,何敏,任佳.超声波流量计计量系统性能的主要影响因素[J].天然气工业,2006,26(3):111-113.YANG SH J,HE M,REN J.Main factors impacting performances of ultrasonic flowmeter measurement system [J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26 (3):111-113.
[16] 耿存杰,张东飞,李长武.管道材质及管径对超声波流量计计量精度的影响分析[J].工业计量,2018,28(2):7- 8.GENG C J,ZHANG D F,LI CH W.Analysis of the influence of pipe material and pipe diameter on the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic flowmeter [J].Industrial Metrology,2018,28 (2):7- 8.
[17] 徐志东,陈世涛.大学物理实验[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2006.XU ZH D,CHEN SH T.College Physics Experiment [M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2006.
[18] IOOSS B,LHUILLIER C.Numerical simulation of transit-time ultrasonic flow meters:Uncertainties due to flow profile and fluid turbulence [J].Ultrasonics,2002,40(9):1009-1015.
[2] 邹岩础,黄景湖.鲁布革电站的热力法水轮机效率测量[J].水电站机电技术,1991,14(3):19- 27.ZOU Y CH,HUANG J H.Measurement of turbine efficiency of thermal process in Lubuge power station [J].Mechanical & Electrical Technique of Hydropower Station,1991,14(3):19- 27.
[3] 李艳艳.便携式超声波流量计[J].消防科学与技术,2017,36(7):110.LI Y Y.Portable ultrasonic flow [J].Fire Science and Technology,2017,36(7):110.
[4] 李冬,孙建亭,杜广生,等.结构参数对超声波流量计水流特性影响的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(4):945-951.LI D,SUN J T,DU G SH,et al.Study on the influence of structure parameters on flow characteristics of ultrasonic flowmeter [J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2016,37(4):945-951.
[5] SIMURDA M,LASSEN B,DUGGEN L,et al.A Fourier collocation approach for transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter under multi-phase flow conditions [J].Journal of Computational Acoustics,2017,25(4):7.
[6] CHEN G,LIU G,ZHU B,et al.3D isosceles triangular ultrasonic path of transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter:theoretical design and CFD simulations[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2015,15(9):4733- 4742.
[7] 罗凤琼.超声波流量计测量准确度的影响因素分析[J].仪器仪表标准化与计量,2018,34(3):43- 45.LUO F Q.Analysis of factors affecting measurement accuracy of ultrasonic flowmeter[J].Standardization & Measurement of Instrumentation,2018,34(3):43- 45.
[8] DANDAN Z,MI W,YANNZHAO S.Effect of velocity distribution on acoustic propagation of gas ultrasonic flowmeter[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2017,50(11):1169-1175.
[9] 刘兵.HFETR二次水超声波流量偏小原因分析[J].管道技术与设备,2017,25(3):17-18.LIU B.Small measurement cause analysis for HFETR second coolant ultrasonic flow [J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,2017,25(3):17-18.
[10] 赵方芳,朱强,夏飞.超声波流量计的自适应时延估计法研究及应用[J].仪表技术,2018,47(4):8-12.ZHAO F F,ZHU Q,XIA F.Research and application of adaptive time delay estimation for the ultrasonic flow meter [J].Instrumentation Technology,2018,47(4):8-12.
[11] MAHADEVA D V,BAKER R C,WOODHOUSE J.Further studies of the accuracy of clamp-on transit-time ultrasonic flowmeters for liquids[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2009,58(5):1602-1609.
[12] 马立玲,郭坤,王军政.液体超声流量测量中的传播时间精度分析[J].仪器仪表学报,2012,33(5):1028-1034.MA L L,GUO K,WANG J ZH.Study of the accuracy of transit time ultrasonic flow measurement for liquids [J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2012,33(5):1028-1034.
[13] 葛辉,隋修武,王硕,等.超声波流量测量的误差分析与补偿方法研究[J].传感器与微系统,2015,34(10):38- 40.GE H,SUI X W,WANG SH,et al.Study on error analysis and compensation method of ultrasonic wave flow measurement [J].Sensors and Microsystems,2015,34(10):38- 40.
[14] 杨志勇,高钦和.提高小管径时差法超声波流量测量系统测量精度的研究[J].计量技术,2008,52(12):3-7.YANG ZH Y,GAO Q H.Research on improving measurement accuracy of ultrasonic flow measurement system with small diameter time difference method [J].Measurement Technique,2008,52(12):3-7.
[15] 杨声将,何敏,任佳.超声波流量计计量系统性能的主要影响因素[J].天然气工业,2006,26(3):111-113.YANG SH J,HE M,REN J.Main factors impacting performances of ultrasonic flowmeter measurement system [J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26 (3):111-113.
[16] 耿存杰,张东飞,李长武.管道材质及管径对超声波流量计计量精度的影响分析[J].工业计量,2018,28(2):7- 8.GENG C J,ZHANG D F,LI CH W.Analysis of the influence of pipe material and pipe diameter on the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic flowmeter [J].Industrial Metrology,2018,28 (2):7- 8.
[17] 徐志东,陈世涛.大学物理实验[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2006.XU ZH D,CHEN SH T.College Physics Experiment [M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2006.
[18] IOOSS B,LHUILLIER C.Numerical simulation of transit-time ultrasonic flow meters:Uncertainties due to flow profile and fluid turbulence [J].Ultrasonics,2002,40(9):1009-1015.
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