深部地质处置地下实验室花岗岩的加卸荷三轴蠕变试验与分析
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摘要
为研究地下深部洞室围岩的蠕变力学特性,以甘肃北山深部地质处置地下实验室为研究背景工程,开展不同加卸载应力路径下的三轴蠕变试验,有效揭示洞室花岗岩的蠕变变形特征与破坏机制,提出一个确定花岗岩长期强度的方法。研究结果表明:1)不同加卸载应力路径下的花岗岩均具有蠕变阀值;2)蠕变速率受围压和偏应力水平的影响较大,且横向变形相较于轴向变形更为敏感,这一规律在卸荷蠕变时最为明显,导致卸荷蠕变扩容比加载蠕变更加突出;3)加载蠕变岩样的破坏模式主要为剪切破坏,卸荷蠕变的破坏模式主要为拉剪破坏;4)岩石长期强度可以通过岩石的变形模量-时间曲线来确定,得到的流变长期强度与流变破坏强度的比值即σ∞/σf为0.626～0.717,比传统方法减少4%左右。
In order to study the rheological mechanical properties of the surrounding rock of the deep underground caverns, the triaxial rheological tests of hard brittle diabase in different stress paths were carried out by using granite specimens from deep geological disposal underground laboratory in Beishan, Gansu Province. The tests reveal the creep deformation characteristics and failure mechanism of granite. A method for determining the long-term strength of granite was proposed. The results show that: 1) threshold effect exists both in the unloading confining pressure rheological tests and the triaxial loading rheological tests; 2) creep rate is influenced by confining pressure and deviatoric stress level, and unloading rheolog dilatation is more prominent than loading rheolog; 3) the diabase specimens all show brittle failure in unloading and loading rheological tests, and the failure pattern in triaxial loading rheological tests is mainly in the form of shear failure while it is the tensile shear failure in unloading confining pressure rheological tests; 4) the long-term strength of rock can be determined by the deformation modulus-time curve of rock. σ∞/σf is 0.626-0.717, which is about 4% less than that of the traditional method.
In order to study the rheological mechanical properties of the surrounding rock of the deep underground caverns, the triaxial rheological tests of hard brittle diabase in different stress paths were carried out by using granite specimens from deep geological disposal underground laboratory in Beishan, Gansu Province. The tests reveal the creep deformation characteristics and failure mechanism of granite. A method for determining the long-term strength of granite was proposed. The results show that: 1) threshold effect exists both in the unloading confining pressure rheological tests and the triaxial loading rheological tests; 2) creep rate is influenced by confining pressure and deviatoric stress level, and unloading rheolog dilatation is more prominent than loading rheolog; 3) the diabase specimens all show brittle failure in unloading and loading rheological tests, and the failure pattern in triaxial loading rheological tests is mainly in the form of shear failure while it is the tensile shear failure in unloading confining pressure rheological tests; 4) the long-term strength of rock can be determined by the deformation modulus-time curve of rock. σ∞/σf is 0.626-0.717, which is about 4% less than that of the traditional method.
引文
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[18]张强勇,李术才,杨文东,等.高边坡岩体流变试验与流变理论及工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:191-192.ZHANG Qiangyong,LI Shucai,YANG Wendong,et al.Rheology test and rheology theory and engineering application of high slope rock mass[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014:191-192.
[19]杨文东.复杂高坝坝区边坡岩体的非线性损伤流变力学模型及其工程应用[D].济南:山东大学岩土与结构工程研究中心,2011:1-223.YANG Wendong.High dam complex nonlinear damage rheological model and its application in engineering area of rock slope[D].Jinan:Shandong University.Geotechnical&Structure Engineering Research Center,2011:1-223.
[2]云龙.高放废物处置库新场和芨芨槽预选场址地壳稳定性研究[D].北京:核工业北京地质研究院,2014:1-190.YUN Long.HLW repository in Xinchang and Jijicao preselected sites of crustal stability research[D].Beijing:Beijing Nuclear Industry Geological Research institute,2014:1-190.
[3]郭永海,王驹.高放废物地质处置库预选场址水文地质研究进展[J].世界核地质科学,2005,22(2):63-67.GUO Yonghai,WANG Ju.High level radioactive waste geological repository for hydrogeological research progress[J].World Nuclear Geological Science,2005,22(2):63-67.
[4]杨春和,王贵宾,王驹,等.甘肃北山预选区岩体力学与渗流特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(4):825-832.YANG Chunhe,WANG Guibin,WANG Ju,et al.Study on rock mechanics and percolation characteristics of Gansu Beishan preselected area[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(4):825-832.
[5]郑金栋.浅谈核废料处置库围岩[J].河南科技,2013,15(8):64.ZHENG Jindong.Discussion on the surrounding rock of nuclear waste repository[J].Journal of Henan Science and Technology,2013,15(8):64.
[6]潘鹏志,冯夏庭,申林方,等.裂隙花岗岩各向异性蠕变特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):36-44.PAN Pengzhi,FENG Xiating,SHEN Linfang,et al.Study on anisotropic creep properties of fractured granite[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):36-44.
[7]陈亮,刘建锋,王春萍,等.不同温度及应力状态下北山花岗岩蠕变特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(6):1228-1235.CHEN Liang,LIU Jianfeng,WANG Chunping,et al.Study on the creep characteristics of the Beishan granite under different temperatures and stress states[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(6):1228-1235.
[8]邓广哲,王广地.北山花岗岩热粘弹性流变特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(S1):4368-4372.DENG Guangzhe,WANG Guangdi.Analysis of thermal viscoelastic rheological properties of Beishan granite[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(S1):4368-4372.
[9]刘月妙,王驹,谭国焕,等.热力耦合条件下北山深部花岗岩长期性能研究[C]//第九届全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集.北京:中国岩石力学与工程学会,2006:334-351.LIU Yuemiao,WANG Ju,TAN Guohuan,et al.The long-term performance of Beishan deep granite under the condition of thermal coupling[C]//The Ninth National Conference on Rock Mechanics and Engineering Conference.Beijing:Chinese Society of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006:334-351.
[10]DAMJANAC B,FAIRHURST C.Evidence for a long-term strength threshold in crystalline rock[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2010,43(5):513-531.
[11]KINOSHITAN,INADAY.Effects of high temperature on strength,deformation,thermal properties and creep of rocks[J].Journal of the Society of Materials Science,2006,55(5):489-494.
[12]王驹,刘月妙.高放废物地质处置与岩石力学研究[J].岩土力学,2003,24(S2):14-27.WANG Ju,LIU Yuemiao.Geological disposal and rock mechanics of high level radioactive waste[J].Geotechnical Mechanics,2003,24(S2):14-27.
[13]SCHMIDTK R H,LAJTAI E Z.The long-term strength of Lac du Bonnet granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1985,22(6):461-465.
[14]陈芳,张强勇,杨文东,等.坝区辉绿岩体的长期剪切流变强度分析研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2011,43(6):91-97.CHEN Fang,ZHANG Qiangyong,YANG Wendong,et al.Study on the long term shear rheological strength of diabase in the dam area[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2011,43(6):91-97.
[15]陈芳.高坝坝区硬脆性裂隙岩体的流变强度时效模型及工程应用研究[D].济南:山东大学岩土与结构工程研究中心,2012:1-178.CHEN Fang.The high dam region of brittle fractured rock rheological strength aging model and engineering application[D].Jinan:Shandong University.Geotechnical&Structure Engineering Research Center,2012:1-178.
[16]张龙云,张强勇,李术才,等.硬脆性岩石卸荷流变试验及长期强度研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2399-2407.ZHANG Longyun,ZHANG Qiangyong,LI Shucai,et al.The rheological test of hard brittle rocks and study on the long term strength of[J].Journal of Coal,2015,40(10):2399-2407.
[17]张强勇,杨文东,陈芳,等.硬脆性岩石的流变长期强度及细观破裂机制分析研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(12):1911-1918.ZHANG Qiangyong,YANG Wendong,CHEN Fang,et al.Analysis and Study on the rheological long-term strength and meso fracture mechanism of hard brittle rocks[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(12):1911-1918.
[18]张强勇,李术才,杨文东,等.高边坡岩体流变试验与流变理论及工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:191-192.ZHANG Qiangyong,LI Shucai,YANG Wendong,et al.Rheology test and rheology theory and engineering application of high slope rock mass[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014:191-192.
[19]杨文东.复杂高坝坝区边坡岩体的非线性损伤流变力学模型及其工程应用[D].济南:山东大学岩土与结构工程研究中心,2011:1-223.YANG Wendong.High dam complex nonlinear damage rheological model and its application in engineering area of rock slope[D].Jinan:Shandong University.Geotechnical&Structure Engineering Research Center,2011:1-223.