渤海海域深层天然气勘探的突破与启示
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摘要
传统的观点认为:渤海湾盆地属于中国东部典型的油型盆地,难以形成大型天然气田,而近期渤中19-6深层天然气田的发现则展示了渤中凹陷深层巨大的天然气勘探潜力。为了给渤海湾盆地及其他地区的深层天然气勘探提供指导和借鉴,对该区深层天然气的成藏模式、主控因素及富集规律等进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)渤中凹陷厚层腐殖—腐泥型烃源岩在深埋条件下具有高成熟阶段富气的特点,具备形成大气田的物质条件;(2)岩石类型—应力改造—流体溶蚀联合控制了深部古近系碎屑岩及太古界变质岩超大规模储层的形成,为大型天然气田的形成提供了储层条件;(3)渤中凹陷巨厚超压泥岩形成的区域性盖层,为大规模天然气的汇聚成藏创造了有利的封盖及保存条件;(4)确立了渤中凹陷深层先油后气大型天然气田气侵式成藏模式,以巨大供油窗、快速成藏、内幕运移为其特点。结论认为,渤中凹陷深层天然气勘探之所以能够取得突破,主要得益于长期坚持"在油型盆地找大气田"的战略部署,得益于打开思路、精细研究、模式创新和技术进步。
It is generally thought that the Bohai Bay Basin belongs to a typical oil-type basin in the eastern China, where, for lack of gas reserves, giant gas fields will be difficult to be formed, however, the latest discovery of the Bozhong 19-6 deep gas field shows a great potential of natural gas resources in the deep strata of the Bozhong Sag. In order to give some guidance for deep-strata gas exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin and other areas, we discussed the accumulation modes, controlling factors and enrichment laws in this study area. The following findings were achieved.(1) Thick humic–sapropelic source rocks buried deep in the Tazhong Sag have the characteristics of gas enrichment in high maturation stage under deep burial and the material conditions of forming large-scale gas fields.(2) The combined main forces of rock types, stress transformation and fluid dissolution controlled the giant-scale formation of the deep-buried clastic rocks and metamorphic rocks, which provides favorable reservoir conditions for the formation of large-scale gas fields.(3) The regional caprocks of thick-deposited and overpressured mudstones in the Tazhong Sag provide sealing and preservation conditions for large-scale natural gas pools.(4) A large-scale gas field intrusive accumulation model was proposed to explain that gas accumulated later than oil in the Bozhong Sag, characterized by abundant gas supply, late-stage fast accumulation and insider migration. In conclusion, such a breakthrough made in gas exploration in this study area is attributed to the long-term strategic deployment of "Discovering Large-scale Gas Fields in Oil-type Basins" and the opening up of thoughts, fine research, model innovation and technological progress.
It is generally thought that the Bohai Bay Basin belongs to a typical oil-type basin in the eastern China, where, for lack of gas reserves, giant gas fields will be difficult to be formed, however, the latest discovery of the Bozhong 19-6 deep gas field shows a great potential of natural gas resources in the deep strata of the Bozhong Sag. In order to give some guidance for deep-strata gas exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin and other areas, we discussed the accumulation modes, controlling factors and enrichment laws in this study area. The following findings were achieved.(1) Thick humic–sapropelic source rocks buried deep in the Tazhong Sag have the characteristics of gas enrichment in high maturation stage under deep burial and the material conditions of forming large-scale gas fields.(2) The combined main forces of rock types, stress transformation and fluid dissolution controlled the giant-scale formation of the deep-buried clastic rocks and metamorphic rocks, which provides favorable reservoir conditions for the formation of large-scale gas fields.(3) The regional caprocks of thick-deposited and overpressured mudstones in the Tazhong Sag provide sealing and preservation conditions for large-scale natural gas pools.(4) A large-scale gas field intrusive accumulation model was proposed to explain that gas accumulated later than oil in the Bozhong Sag, characterized by abundant gas supply, late-stage fast accumulation and insider migration. In conclusion, such a breakthrough made in gas exploration in this study area is attributed to the long-term strategic deployment of "Discovering Large-scale Gas Fields in Oil-type Basins" and the opening up of thoughts, fine research, model innovation and technological progress.
引文
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[19]李三忠,索艳慧,戴黎明,刘丽萍,金宠,刘鑫,等.渤海湾盆地形成与华北克拉通破坏[J].地学前缘,2010,17(4):64-89.Li Sanzhong,Suo Yanhui,Dai Liming,Liu Liping,Jin Chong,Liu Xin,et al.Development of the Bohai Bay Basin and destruction of the North China Craton[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(4):64-89.
[20]操应长,杨田,宋明水,王艳忠,马奔奔,王健,等.陆相断陷湖盆低渗透碎屑岩储层特征及相对优质储层成因--以济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(7):727-743.Cao Yingchang,Yang Tian,Song Mingshui,Wang Yanzhong,Ma Benben&Wang Jian,et al.Characteristics of low-permeability clastic reservoirs and genesis of relatively high-quality reservoirs in the continental rift lake basin:A case study of Paleogene in the Dongying sag,Jiyang Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(7):727-743.
[21]蔡东升,罗毓晖,武文来,李家康,姚长华.渤海构造演化与油气关系的新认识[C]//“九五”全国地质科技重要成果论文集.北京:中国地质学会,2000.Cai Dongsheng,Luo Yuhui,Wu Wenlai,Li Jiakang&Yao Changhua.New understanding of the relationship between structural evolution and oil&gas in the Bohai Bay[C]//Papers on important achievements of national geological science and technology in the Ninth Five-Year Plan.Beijing:Geological Society of China,2000.
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[2]周心怀,张如才,李慧勇,王保全,郭永华.渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷深埋古潜山天然气成藏主控因素探讨[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(1):42-50.Zhou Xinhuai,Zhang Rucai,Li Huiyong,Wang Baoquan&Guo Yonghua.Major controls on natural gas accumulations in deep-buried hills in Bozhong Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(1):42-50.
[3]胡见义,徐树宝,童晓光.渤海湾盆地复式油气聚集区(带)的形成与分布[J].石油勘探与开发,1986,13(1):1-8.Hu Jianyi,Xu Shubao&Tong Xiaoguang.Formation and distribution of complex petroleum accumulation zones in Bohaiwan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1986,13(1):1-8.
[4]李德生.渤海湾含油气盆地的地质和构造特征[J].石油学报,1980,1(1):6-20.Li Desheng.The Geology and structural characteristics of Bohai Bay,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1980,1(1):6-20.
[5]薛永安,李慧勇.渤海海域深层太古界变质岩潜山大型凝析气田的发现及其地质意义[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(3):1-9.Xue Yong'an&Li Huiyong.Large condensate gas field in deep Archean metamorphic buried hill in Bohai Sea:Discovery and geological significance[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(3):1-9.
[6]龚再升.中国近海含油气盆地新构造运动与油气成藏[J].地球科学--中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):513-517.Gong Zaisheng.Neotectonics and petroleum accumulation in offshore Chinese basins[J].Earth Science,2004,29(5):513-517.
[7]朱伟林,米立军,高阳东,高乐,钟锴.领域性突破展现中国近海油气勘探前景--2011年中国近海油气勘探回顾[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(1):1-5.Zhu Weilin,Mi Lijun,Gao Yangdong,Gao Le&Zhong Kai.Exploratory field breakthroughs exhibit the future of hydrocarbon exploration offshore China:A review of hydrocarbon exploration offshore China in 2011[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(1):1-5.
[8]马永生.普光气田天然气地球化学特征及气源探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(1):1-7.Ma Yongsheng.Geochemical characteristics and origin of natural gases from Puguang Gas Field on Eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(1):1-7.
[9]郭利果,肖贤明,田辉.原油裂解气与干酪根裂解气差异实验研究[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(4):428-436.Guo Liguo,Xiao Xianming&Tian Hui.Laboratory studies of differences between oil-derived and kerogen maturation gases[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(4):428-436.
[10]戴金星.各类烷烃气的鉴别[J].中国科学B辑,1992,22(2):185-193.Dai Jinxing.Identification of various alkane gases[J].SCIENCECHINA Chemistry,1992,22(2):185-193.
[11]宋岩,徐永昌.天然气成因类型及其鉴别[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):24-29.Song Yan&Xu Yongchang.Origin and identification of natural gases[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(4):24-29.
[12]戴金星.利用轻烃鉴别煤成气和油型气[J].石油勘探与开发,1993,20(5):26-32.Dai Jinxing.Identification of coal formed gas and oil type gas by light hydrocarbons[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1993,20(5):26-32.
[13]胡惕麟,戈葆雄,张义纲,刘斌.源岩吸附烃和天然气轻烃指纹参数的开发和应用[J].石油实验地质,1990,12(4):375-394.Hu Tilin,Ge Baoxiong,Zhang Yigang&Liu Bin.The development and application of fingerprint parameters for hydrocarbons absorbed by source rocks and light hydrocarbons in natural gas[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,1990,12(4):375-394.
[14]胡国艺,李剑,李谨,李志生,罗霞,张英.判识天然气成因的轻烃指标探讨[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2007,37(增刊2):111-117.Hu Guoyi,Li Jian,Li Jin,Li Zhisheng,Luo Xia&Zhang Ying.Discussion on light hydrocarbon index for identifying natural gas origin[J].Science in China:Earth Science,2007,37(S2):111-117.
[15]朱伟林.渤海海域油气成藏与勘探[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:1-77.Zhu Weilin.Hydrocarbon accumulation and exploration in Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:1-77.
[16]王军,王清斌,王飞龙,刘晓健,潘文静.渤海海域渤中地区烃源岩封闭金管热解模拟生烃实验研究[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(3):423-430.Wang Jun,Wang Qingbin,Wang Feilong,Liu Xiaojian&Pan Wenjing.Gold tube pyrolysis study of source rock hydrocarbon generation in Bozhong area,offshore Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(3):423-430.
[17]漆家福,张一伟,陆克政,杨桥.渤海湾盆地新生代构造演化[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995,19(增刊1):1-6.Qi Jiafu,Zhang Yiwei,Lu Kezheng&Yang Qiao.Cenozoic tectonic evolution in Bohai Bay Basin province[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Sciences),1995,19(S1):1-6.
[18]吴兴宁,周建勋.渤海湾盆地构造成因观点剖析[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(1):98-107.Wu Xingning&Zhou Jianxun.The anatomy about the tectonic cause of formation of Bohaiwan Basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2000,15(1):98-107.
[19]李三忠,索艳慧,戴黎明,刘丽萍,金宠,刘鑫,等.渤海湾盆地形成与华北克拉通破坏[J].地学前缘,2010,17(4):64-89.Li Sanzhong,Suo Yanhui,Dai Liming,Liu Liping,Jin Chong,Liu Xin,et al.Development of the Bohai Bay Basin and destruction of the North China Craton[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(4):64-89.
[20]操应长,杨田,宋明水,王艳忠,马奔奔,王健,等.陆相断陷湖盆低渗透碎屑岩储层特征及相对优质储层成因--以济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(7):727-743.Cao Yingchang,Yang Tian,Song Mingshui,Wang Yanzhong,Ma Benben&Wang Jian,et al.Characteristics of low-permeability clastic reservoirs and genesis of relatively high-quality reservoirs in the continental rift lake basin:A case study of Paleogene in the Dongying sag,Jiyang Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(7):727-743.
[21]蔡东升,罗毓晖,武文来,李家康,姚长华.渤海构造演化与油气关系的新认识[C]//“九五”全国地质科技重要成果论文集.北京:中国地质学会,2000.Cai Dongsheng,Luo Yuhui,Wu Wenlai,Li Jiakang&Yao Changhua.New understanding of the relationship between structural evolution and oil&gas in the Bohai Bay[C]//Papers on important achievements of national geological science and technology in the Ninth Five-Year Plan.Beijing:Geological Society of China,2000.
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