盐碱胁迫对海岛棉种子萌发及幼苗根系生长的影响
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摘要
为明确海岛棉种子萌发及幼苗根系对盐胁迫的响应,并筛选出耐盐能力较高的海岛棉品种。以新疆阿克苏地区主推海岛棉品种新海31号、新海35号、新海43号和新海48号为试材,采用NaCl、Na2SO4以及NaCl、NaHCO3以物质的量1∶1混合分别模拟中性盐混合盐(中性盐)和碱性盐混合盐(碱性盐)两种盐类型,胁迫处理总盐浓度(Na+)为0、120、180、240、300、360 mmol L~(–1),研究了盐胁迫下海岛棉种子萌发和幼苗根系生长参数。结果表明,在两种盐类型下,随着盐浓度的增加,海岛棉种子的萌发参数、生物量、根冠比、盐敏感指数、盐耐受指数、根系长度、根系表面积及根系体积均呈下降趋势;高盐浓度下,海岛棉株高、根系生物量及茎叶生物量与盐浓度呈显著负相关,说明高盐环境抑制了棉种发芽及幼苗的正常生长。120 mmol L~(–1)浓度下,中性盐处理的新海48号的根系总长度比对照无显著增加,其余品种均有显著增加,各品种根系总体积与总表面积均无显著差异,低盐促进了各品种细根(d≤0.5 mm)的伸长及生长,新海43号的中根(0.5新海43号>新海31号>新海48号。
In order to determine the response of seed germination and seedling root system of island cotton to salt stress, and to screen out island cotton varieties with high salt tolerance, an experiment was conducted using main sea island cotton varieties Xinhai 31, Xinhai 35, Xinhai 43, and Xinhai 48 grown in Xinxiang Aksu area, with treatment of neutral salt(neutral salt) mixed with NaCl, Na2 SO4 at 1:1 of mole ratio and treatment of alkali salt(alkaline salt) mixed with NaCl and NaHCO3 at 1:1 of mole ratio, Total salt concentration(Na+) was 0, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 mmol L~(–1). Seed germination and seedling root growth parameters of island cotton under the stress were measured. The germination parameters, biomass, root and crown ratio, salt sensitivity index, salt tolerance index, root length, root surface area and root volume of the island cotton seeds decreased with the increase of salt concentration. Moreover, under high salt concentration, there was a significant negative correlation of plant height, root biomass, stem and leaf biomass with salt concentration, indicating that high salt environment inhibited cotton seed germination and normal growth of seedlings. Under the concentration of 120 mmol L~(–1), the total length of the root system of Xinhai 48 treated with neutral salt did not increase significantly compared with that of the control group, while that of the other varieties increased significantly. There was no significant difference in the total volume and total surface area of the roots. The low salt concentration promoted the elongation and growth of the fine roots(d ≤ 0.5 mm). The middle root(0.5 < d ≤ 2.0 mm) of Xinhai 43 increased significantly than that of CK, resulting in a significant increase in total root volume and total surface area. The total length, surface area, and volume in alkaline salt treatment were not significantly different from those of Xinhai 31 and the control, while decreased significantly in other varieties. At the concentration of 180–240 mmol L~(–1), the total length, surface area and volume of roots in neutral salt treatment had a significant decrease compared with these of the control except for Xinhai 43; there was no significant difference among all varieties; lot a decrease in alkaline salt treatment. Among them, the total length of the roots of Xinhai 35 decreased more slowly than that of other varieties. At the concentration of 300–360 mmol L~(–1), the total root length, volume and surface area of the two salt varieties dropped sharply. The alkaline salt stress had a more significant decrease effect than the neutral salt stress. Under the conditions of this experiment, the normal growth of island cotton seedlings could withstand the salt concentration of 240 mmol L~(–1), but the damage of alkaline salt to island cotton seedlings was much greater than that of neutral salt. The order of salt tolerance of the tested varieties was Xinhai 35, Xinhai 43, Xinhai 31, and Xinhai 48.
In order to determine the response of seed germination and seedling root system of island cotton to salt stress, and to screen out island cotton varieties with high salt tolerance, an experiment was conducted using main sea island cotton varieties Xinhai 31, Xinhai 35, Xinhai 43, and Xinhai 48 grown in Xinxiang Aksu area, with treatment of neutral salt(neutral salt) mixed with NaCl, Na2 SO4 at 1:1 of mole ratio and treatment of alkali salt(alkaline salt) mixed with NaCl and NaHCO3 at 1:1 of mole ratio, Total salt concentration(Na+) was 0, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 mmol L~(–1). Seed germination and seedling root growth parameters of island cotton under the stress were measured. The germination parameters, biomass, root and crown ratio, salt sensitivity index, salt tolerance index, root length, root surface area and root volume of the island cotton seeds decreased with the increase of salt concentration. Moreover, under high salt concentration, there was a significant negative correlation of plant height, root biomass, stem and leaf biomass with salt concentration, indicating that high salt environment inhibited cotton seed germination and normal growth of seedlings. Under the concentration of 120 mmol L~(–1), the total length of the root system of Xinhai 48 treated with neutral salt did not increase significantly compared with that of the control group, while that of the other varieties increased significantly. There was no significant difference in the total volume and total surface area of the roots. The low salt concentration promoted the elongation and growth of the fine roots(d ≤ 0.5 mm). The middle root(0.5 < d ≤ 2.0 mm) of Xinhai 43 increased significantly than that of CK, resulting in a significant increase in total root volume and total surface area. The total length, surface area, and volume in alkaline salt treatment were not significantly different from those of Xinhai 31 and the control, while decreased significantly in other varieties. At the concentration of 180–240 mmol L~(–1), the total length, surface area and volume of roots in neutral salt treatment had a significant decrease compared with these of the control except for Xinhai 43; there was no significant difference among all varieties; lot a decrease in alkaline salt treatment. Among them, the total length of the roots of Xinhai 35 decreased more slowly than that of other varieties. At the concentration of 300–360 mmol L~(–1), the total root length, volume and surface area of the two salt varieties dropped sharply. The alkaline salt stress had a more significant decrease effect than the neutral salt stress. Under the conditions of this experiment, the normal growth of island cotton seedlings could withstand the salt concentration of 240 mmol L~(–1), but the damage of alkaline salt to island cotton seedlings was much greater than that of neutral salt. The order of salt tolerance of the tested varieties was Xinhai 35, Xinhai 43, Xinhai 31, and Xinhai 48.
引文
[1]陈镭,侯东升,郭玲玲,司爱军,邓福军.新疆盐碱地形成特点及改良措施.新疆农垦科技,2009,32(5):56-57.Chen L,Hou D S,Guo L L,Si A J,Deng F J.Formation characteristics and improvement measures of saline and alkaline land in Xinjiang.Xinjiang Farmland Reclamation Sci Tech,2009,32(5):56-57(in Chinese).
[2]杨淑萍,危常州,梁永超.盐胁迫对海岛棉不同基因型幼苗生长及生理生态特征的影响.生态学报,2010,30:2322-2331.Yang S P,Wei C Z,Liang Y C.Effects of NaCl stress on growth and eco-physiological characteristics of different in sea island cotton genotypes in seedlings.Acta Ecol Sin,2010,30:2322-2331(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]Farooq M,Hussain M,Wakeel A,Siddique K H M.Salt stress in maize:effects,resistance mechanisms,and management:a review.Agron Sustain Dev,2015,35:461-481.
[4]王永娟,周妍,徐明,徐靖宇,金晓飞,石连旋.盐胁迫对大豆种子萌发及矿质元素变化的影响.生态学杂志,2015,34:1565-1571.Wang Y J,Zhou Y,Xu M,Xu J Y,Jin X F,Shi L X.Germination parameters and mineral levels in soybean plants under salt stress.Chin J Ecol,2015,34:1565-1571(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]周妍.盐胁迫对大豆种子萌发、离子平衡及可溶性糖含量影响的研究.东北师范大学硕士学位论文,吉林长春,2014.Zhou Y.Research on Germination,Ionic Balance and Soluble Sugars Contention of Glycine max under Saline Stress.MS Thesis of Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin,China,2014(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]Harfi M E,Hanine H,Rizki H,Latrache H,Nabloussi A.Effect of drought and salt stresses on germination and early seedling growth of different color-seeds of sesame(Sesamum indicum L.).Int J Agric Biol,2016,18:1088-1094.
[7]Bahrami H,Razmjoo J.Effect of salinity stress(NaCl)on germination and early seedling growth of ten sesame cultivars(Sesamum indicum L.).Int J AgriScience,2012,2:546-549.
[8]Mc Cormack M L,Dickie I A,Eissenstat D M,Fahey T J,Fernandez C W,Guo D L,Helmisaari H S,Hobbie E A,Iversen C M,Jackson R B,Leppalammi-Kujansuu J,Norby R J,Phillips R P,Pregitzer K S,Pritchard S G,Rewald B,Zadworny M.Redefining fine roots improves understanding of below-ground contributions to terrestrial biosphere processes.New Phytol,2015,207:505-518.
[9]Schleiff U.Conceptual approach to lateral salinity gradients around roots of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant crops under irrigation conditions.Ecol Questions,2011,14:35-38.
[10]刘正祥,张华新,杨秀艳,刘涛,狄文彬.NaCl胁迫下沙枣幼苗生长和阳离子吸收、运输与分配特性.生态学报,2014,34:326-336.Liu Z X,Zhang H X,Yang X Y,Liu T,Di W B.Growth,and cationic absorption,transportation and allocation of Elaeagnus angustifolia seedlings under NaCl stress.Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34:326-336(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]Qados A M S A.Effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism of bean plant Vicia faba(L.).J Saudi Soc Agric Sci,2011,10:7-15.
[12]Lu Y,Lei J Q,Zeng F J,Zhang B,Liu G J,Liu B.Effect of NaCl-induced changes in growth,photosynthetic characteristics,water status and enzymatic antioxidant system of Calligonum caput-medusae seedlings.Photosynthetica,2016,55:96-100.
[13]杨淑萍,危常州,梁永超.盐胁迫对不同基因型海岛棉种子萌发特性的影响.中国棉花,2012,39(12):6-10.Yang S P,Wei C Z,Liang Y C.Effects of NaCl stress on characteristics of seed germination of sea island cotton with different genotypes.China Cott,2012,39(12):6-10(in Chinese).
[14]王树凤,胡韵雪,孙海菁,施翔,潘红伟,陈益泰.盐胁迫对2种栎树苗期生长和根系生长发育的影响.生态学报,2014,34:1021-1029.Wang S F,Hu Y X,Sun H J,Shi X,Pan H W,Chen Y T.Effects of salt stress on growth and root development of two oak seedlings.Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34:1021-1029(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]Duan D.Effects of salt and water stress on the germination of Chenopodium glaucum L.seed.Chin J Eco-Agric,2005,36:793-800.
[16]Ibrahim D.Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on the germination of pepper seeds of different maturation stages.Braz Arch Biol Techn,2008,51:897-902.
[17]Byrt C S,Munns R,Burton R A,Gilliham M,Wege S.Root cell wall solutions for crop plants in saline soils.Plant Sci,2018,269:47-55.
[18]Llanes A,Andrade A,Masciarelli O,Alemano S,Luna V.Drought and salinity alter endogenous hormonal profiles at the seed germination phase.Seed Sci Res,2016,26:1-13.
[19]郭剑,李彩凤,刘磊,桑利敏,陈明,徐影,盖志佳,王玉波.Na2CO3胁迫下甜菜幼苗根际壤环境因子的变化及其相关性.应用生态学报,2016,27:904-910.Guo J,Li C F,Liu L,Sang L M,Chen M,Xu Y,Gai Z J,Wang YB.Variation of rhizosphere environmental factors of sugarbeet seedlings under Na2CO3 stress and their correlation.Chin J Appl Ecol,2016,27:904-910(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]Guo W Q,Zhang P T,Li C H,Yin J M,Han X Y.Recovery of root growth and physiological characters in cotton after salt stress relief.Chil J Agric Res,2015,75:85-91.
[21]王佺珍,刘倩,高娅妮,柳旭.植物对盐碱胁迫的响应机制研究进展.生态学报,2017,37:5565-5577.Wang Q Z,Liu Q,Gao Y N,Liu X.Review on the mechanisms of the response to salinity-alkalinity stress in plants.Acta Ecol Sin,2017,37:5565-5577(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]于天一,王春晓,孙学武,孙秀山,郑永美,吴正锋,沈浦,王才斌.碱胁迫对花生幼苗根系形态及干物质累积的影响.中国油料作物学报,2017,39(2):190-196.Yu T Y,Wang C X,Sun X W,Sun X S,Zheng Y M,Wu Z F,Shen P,Wang C B.Effects of alkaline stress on root morphology and dry matter accumulation characteristics of peanut seedling.Chin J Oil Crop Sci,2017,39(2):190-196(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]张华新,刘正祥,刘秋芳.盐胁迫下树种芽苗期生长及其耐盐性.生态学报,2009,29:2263-2271.Zhang H X,Liu Z X,Liu Q F.Seedling growth and salt tolerance of tree species under NaCl stress.Acta Ecol Sin,2009,29:2263-2271(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]Mai W X,Tian C Y,Li L.Localized salt accumulation:the main reason for cotton root length decrease during advanced growth stages under drip irrigation with mulch film in a saline soil.J Arid Land,2014,6:361-370.
[25]段九菊,郭世荣,康云艳,李璟,刘香娥.盐胁迫对黄瓜芽苗期根系生长和多胺代谢的影响.应用生态学报,2008,19:57-64.Duan J J,Guo S R,Kang Y Y,Li J,Liu X E.Effects of salt stress on cucumber seedling root growth and polyamine metabolism.Chin J Appl Ecol,2008,19:57-64(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]张晓磊,刘晓静,齐敏兴,刘艳楠,蒯佳林.混合盐碱对紫花苜蓿苗期根系特征的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21:340-346.Zhang X L,Liu X J,Qi M X,Liu Y N,Kuai J L.Alfalfa seeding root characteristics under complex saline-alkali stress.Chin JEco-Agric,2013,21:340-346(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]刘新伟,王巧兰,段碧辉,林亚蒙,赵小虎,胡承孝,赵竹青.亚硒酸盐对油菜幼苗硒吸收、根系形态及生理指标的影响.应用生态学报,2015,26:2050-2056.Liu X W,Wang Q L,Duan B H,Lin Y M,Zhao X H,Hu C X,Zhao Z Q.Effects of selenite addition on selenium absorption,root morphology and physiological characteristics of rape seedlings.Chin J Appl Ecol,2015,26:2050-2056(in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]潘雄波,向丽霞,胡晓辉,任文奇,张丽,倪新欣.外源亚精胺对盐碱胁迫下番茄幼苗根系线粒体功能的影响.应用生态学报,2016,27:491-498.Pan X B,Xiang L X,Hu X H,Ren W Q,Zhang L,Ni X X.Effects of exogenous spermidine on mitochondrial function of tomato seedling roots under salinity-alkalinity stress.Chin J Appl Ecol,2016,27:491-498(in Chinese with English abstract).
[29]Guo P,Wei H X,Zhang W J,Bao Y J.Physiological responses of alfalfa to high-level salt stress:root ion flux and stomatal characteristics.Int J Agric Biol,2016,18:125-133.
[2]杨淑萍,危常州,梁永超.盐胁迫对海岛棉不同基因型幼苗生长及生理生态特征的影响.生态学报,2010,30:2322-2331.Yang S P,Wei C Z,Liang Y C.Effects of NaCl stress on growth and eco-physiological characteristics of different in sea island cotton genotypes in seedlings.Acta Ecol Sin,2010,30:2322-2331(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]Farooq M,Hussain M,Wakeel A,Siddique K H M.Salt stress in maize:effects,resistance mechanisms,and management:a review.Agron Sustain Dev,2015,35:461-481.
[4]王永娟,周妍,徐明,徐靖宇,金晓飞,石连旋.盐胁迫对大豆种子萌发及矿质元素变化的影响.生态学杂志,2015,34:1565-1571.Wang Y J,Zhou Y,Xu M,Xu J Y,Jin X F,Shi L X.Germination parameters and mineral levels in soybean plants under salt stress.Chin J Ecol,2015,34:1565-1571(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]周妍.盐胁迫对大豆种子萌发、离子平衡及可溶性糖含量影响的研究.东北师范大学硕士学位论文,吉林长春,2014.Zhou Y.Research on Germination,Ionic Balance and Soluble Sugars Contention of Glycine max under Saline Stress.MS Thesis of Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin,China,2014(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]Harfi M E,Hanine H,Rizki H,Latrache H,Nabloussi A.Effect of drought and salt stresses on germination and early seedling growth of different color-seeds of sesame(Sesamum indicum L.).Int J Agric Biol,2016,18:1088-1094.
[7]Bahrami H,Razmjoo J.Effect of salinity stress(NaCl)on germination and early seedling growth of ten sesame cultivars(Sesamum indicum L.).Int J AgriScience,2012,2:546-549.
[8]Mc Cormack M L,Dickie I A,Eissenstat D M,Fahey T J,Fernandez C W,Guo D L,Helmisaari H S,Hobbie E A,Iversen C M,Jackson R B,Leppalammi-Kujansuu J,Norby R J,Phillips R P,Pregitzer K S,Pritchard S G,Rewald B,Zadworny M.Redefining fine roots improves understanding of below-ground contributions to terrestrial biosphere processes.New Phytol,2015,207:505-518.
[9]Schleiff U.Conceptual approach to lateral salinity gradients around roots of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant crops under irrigation conditions.Ecol Questions,2011,14:35-38.
[10]刘正祥,张华新,杨秀艳,刘涛,狄文彬.NaCl胁迫下沙枣幼苗生长和阳离子吸收、运输与分配特性.生态学报,2014,34:326-336.Liu Z X,Zhang H X,Yang X Y,Liu T,Di W B.Growth,and cationic absorption,transportation and allocation of Elaeagnus angustifolia seedlings under NaCl stress.Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34:326-336(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]Qados A M S A.Effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism of bean plant Vicia faba(L.).J Saudi Soc Agric Sci,2011,10:7-15.
[12]Lu Y,Lei J Q,Zeng F J,Zhang B,Liu G J,Liu B.Effect of NaCl-induced changes in growth,photosynthetic characteristics,water status and enzymatic antioxidant system of Calligonum caput-medusae seedlings.Photosynthetica,2016,55:96-100.
[13]杨淑萍,危常州,梁永超.盐胁迫对不同基因型海岛棉种子萌发特性的影响.中国棉花,2012,39(12):6-10.Yang S P,Wei C Z,Liang Y C.Effects of NaCl stress on characteristics of seed germination of sea island cotton with different genotypes.China Cott,2012,39(12):6-10(in Chinese).
[14]王树凤,胡韵雪,孙海菁,施翔,潘红伟,陈益泰.盐胁迫对2种栎树苗期生长和根系生长发育的影响.生态学报,2014,34:1021-1029.Wang S F,Hu Y X,Sun H J,Shi X,Pan H W,Chen Y T.Effects of salt stress on growth and root development of two oak seedlings.Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34:1021-1029(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]Duan D.Effects of salt and water stress on the germination of Chenopodium glaucum L.seed.Chin J Eco-Agric,2005,36:793-800.
[16]Ibrahim D.Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on the germination of pepper seeds of different maturation stages.Braz Arch Biol Techn,2008,51:897-902.
[17]Byrt C S,Munns R,Burton R A,Gilliham M,Wege S.Root cell wall solutions for crop plants in saline soils.Plant Sci,2018,269:47-55.
[18]Llanes A,Andrade A,Masciarelli O,Alemano S,Luna V.Drought and salinity alter endogenous hormonal profiles at the seed germination phase.Seed Sci Res,2016,26:1-13.
[19]郭剑,李彩凤,刘磊,桑利敏,陈明,徐影,盖志佳,王玉波.Na2CO3胁迫下甜菜幼苗根际壤环境因子的变化及其相关性.应用生态学报,2016,27:904-910.Guo J,Li C F,Liu L,Sang L M,Chen M,Xu Y,Gai Z J,Wang YB.Variation of rhizosphere environmental factors of sugarbeet seedlings under Na2CO3 stress and their correlation.Chin J Appl Ecol,2016,27:904-910(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]Guo W Q,Zhang P T,Li C H,Yin J M,Han X Y.Recovery of root growth and physiological characters in cotton after salt stress relief.Chil J Agric Res,2015,75:85-91.
[21]王佺珍,刘倩,高娅妮,柳旭.植物对盐碱胁迫的响应机制研究进展.生态学报,2017,37:5565-5577.Wang Q Z,Liu Q,Gao Y N,Liu X.Review on the mechanisms of the response to salinity-alkalinity stress in plants.Acta Ecol Sin,2017,37:5565-5577(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]于天一,王春晓,孙学武,孙秀山,郑永美,吴正锋,沈浦,王才斌.碱胁迫对花生幼苗根系形态及干物质累积的影响.中国油料作物学报,2017,39(2):190-196.Yu T Y,Wang C X,Sun X W,Sun X S,Zheng Y M,Wu Z F,Shen P,Wang C B.Effects of alkaline stress on root morphology and dry matter accumulation characteristics of peanut seedling.Chin J Oil Crop Sci,2017,39(2):190-196(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]张华新,刘正祥,刘秋芳.盐胁迫下树种芽苗期生长及其耐盐性.生态学报,2009,29:2263-2271.Zhang H X,Liu Z X,Liu Q F.Seedling growth and salt tolerance of tree species under NaCl stress.Acta Ecol Sin,2009,29:2263-2271(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]Mai W X,Tian C Y,Li L.Localized salt accumulation:the main reason for cotton root length decrease during advanced growth stages under drip irrigation with mulch film in a saline soil.J Arid Land,2014,6:361-370.
[25]段九菊,郭世荣,康云艳,李璟,刘香娥.盐胁迫对黄瓜芽苗期根系生长和多胺代谢的影响.应用生态学报,2008,19:57-64.Duan J J,Guo S R,Kang Y Y,Li J,Liu X E.Effects of salt stress on cucumber seedling root growth and polyamine metabolism.Chin J Appl Ecol,2008,19:57-64(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]张晓磊,刘晓静,齐敏兴,刘艳楠,蒯佳林.混合盐碱对紫花苜蓿苗期根系特征的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21:340-346.Zhang X L,Liu X J,Qi M X,Liu Y N,Kuai J L.Alfalfa seeding root characteristics under complex saline-alkali stress.Chin JEco-Agric,2013,21:340-346(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]刘新伟,王巧兰,段碧辉,林亚蒙,赵小虎,胡承孝,赵竹青.亚硒酸盐对油菜幼苗硒吸收、根系形态及生理指标的影响.应用生态学报,2015,26:2050-2056.Liu X W,Wang Q L,Duan B H,Lin Y M,Zhao X H,Hu C X,Zhao Z Q.Effects of selenite addition on selenium absorption,root morphology and physiological characteristics of rape seedlings.Chin J Appl Ecol,2015,26:2050-2056(in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]潘雄波,向丽霞,胡晓辉,任文奇,张丽,倪新欣.外源亚精胺对盐碱胁迫下番茄幼苗根系线粒体功能的影响.应用生态学报,2016,27:491-498.Pan X B,Xiang L X,Hu X H,Ren W Q,Zhang L,Ni X X.Effects of exogenous spermidine on mitochondrial function of tomato seedling roots under salinity-alkalinity stress.Chin J Appl Ecol,2016,27:491-498(in Chinese with English abstract).
[29]Guo P,Wei H X,Zhang W J,Bao Y J.Physiological responses of alfalfa to high-level salt stress:root ion flux and stomatal characteristics.Int J Agric Biol,2016,18:125-133.