磁性颗粒/碳纤维轻质柔软复合材料制备及其吸波性能
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摘要
为开发兼具电损耗和磁损耗的新型轻质柔软吸波复合材料,采用聚丙烯腈(PAN)基预氧丝毡浸渍金属盐溶液,经高温处理工艺制备了磁性颗粒/碳纤维轻质柔软复合材料。通过弓形法吸波测试、X射线衍射、X射线能谱分析、扫描电子显微镜观察等方法对材料性能进行表征和分析。结果表明:所制备的复合材料由碳纤维和具有磁损耗性能的Fe—Co—Ni、Fe_3O_4、Fe—Ni、Fe—Co等颗粒组成,磁性颗粒沿着纤维轴向均匀分布,电损耗与磁损耗间的协同作用使磁性颗粒/碳纤维复合材料表现出优异的吸波性能。当处理温度为650℃和700℃时,试样电磁波发射损耗小于-5 d B的吸收波段分别为8. 6~18 GHz和10~18 GHz,电磁波反射损耗小于-10 d B的吸收波段分别为13. 9~18 GHz和14~18 GHz。结果表明,过高或过低的处理温度会降低材料电磁波损耗,通过调节处理温度可控制材料的吸波性能。
For developing novel flexible lightweight composite materials having both dielectric loss and magnetic loss abilities, magnetic particles-carbon fiber composites were prepared by impregnating polyacrylonitrile( PAN) based preoxidative fiber felts with metal salt solution and high temperature carbonizing. As-prepared materials were characterized and analyzed by segmental support based adsorption,X-ray diffraction,energy dispersive spectrometry,and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the prepared composite material was composed of carbon fibers and magnetic Fe-Co-Ni,Fe_3 O_4,Fe-Ni,Fe-Co and so on. The magnetic particles are uniformly distributed along the fiber axis. With the synergistic effects of dielectric loss of magnetic particles and magnetic loss of carbon fibers,such carbon fiber composite materials exhibites excellent microwave absorption property. When the treatment temperature is 650 ℃ and700 ℃,the absorption bands of electromagnetic wave loss lower than-5 d B are 8. 6-18 GHz and 10-18 GHz,respectively,while the absorption frequency are 13. 9-18 GHz and 14-18 GHz for those of electromagnetic loss lower than-10 d B. In addtion,the treatment temperature higher than 700 ℃ or lower than 650 ℃ will decrease the adsorption of electromagnetic waves. The microwave absorption property of magnetic particle-carbon fiber composites can controlled by adjusting the treatment temperature.
For developing novel flexible lightweight composite materials having both dielectric loss and magnetic loss abilities, magnetic particles-carbon fiber composites were prepared by impregnating polyacrylonitrile( PAN) based preoxidative fiber felts with metal salt solution and high temperature carbonizing. As-prepared materials were characterized and analyzed by segmental support based adsorption,X-ray diffraction,energy dispersive spectrometry,and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the prepared composite material was composed of carbon fibers and magnetic Fe-Co-Ni,Fe_3 O_4,Fe-Ni,Fe-Co and so on. The magnetic particles are uniformly distributed along the fiber axis. With the synergistic effects of dielectric loss of magnetic particles and magnetic loss of carbon fibers,such carbon fiber composite materials exhibites excellent microwave absorption property. When the treatment temperature is 650 ℃ and700 ℃,the absorption bands of electromagnetic wave loss lower than-5 d B are 8. 6-18 GHz and 10-18 GHz,respectively,while the absorption frequency are 13. 9-18 GHz and 14-18 GHz for those of electromagnetic loss lower than-10 d B. In addtion,the treatment temperature higher than 700 ℃ or lower than 650 ℃ will decrease the adsorption of electromagnetic waves. The microwave absorption property of magnetic particle-carbon fiber composites can controlled by adjusting the treatment temperature.
引文
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[16] HAN Z, LI D, WANG H, et al. Broadband electromagnetic-wave absorption by Fe Co/C nanocapsules[J]. Appl Phys Lett,2009,95:023114
[17] LU M M,CAO W Q,SHI H L,et al. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes decorated with Zn O nanocrystals:mild solution-process synthesis and highly efficient microwave absorption properties at elevated temperature[J]. J Mater Chem A,2014,2(27):10540-10547.
[18] CAO M S,QIN R R,QIU C J,et al. Matching design and mismatching analysis towards radar absorbing coatings based on conducting plate[J]. Mater Design,2003,24(5):391-396.
[19] WANG L, HE F, WAN Y. Facile synthesis and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of magnetic carbon fiber coated with Fe-Co alloy by electroplating[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2011,509(14):4726-4730.
[20] LI J,BI S,MEI B,et al. Effects of three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide coupled with nickel nanoparticles on the microwave absorption of carbon fiberbased composites[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,717:205-213.
[21] TEKMEN C, TSUNEKAWA Y, NAKANISHI H.Electrospinning of carbon nanofiber supported Fe/Co/Ni ternary alloy nanoparticles[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2010,210(3):451-455.
[2] QIN F, BROSSEAU C. A review and analysis of microwave absorption in polymer composites filled with carbonaceous particles[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,2012,111(6):061301.
[3]李晶晶,田启祥,邹南智,等.结构型碳纤维吸波复合材料的研究及应用[J].纤维复合材料,2012(2):7-10.LI Jingjing, TIAN Qixiang, ZOU Nanzhi, et al.Research and application development of carbon fiber reinforced structural microwave-absorbing composite material[J]. Fiber Composites,2012(2):7-10.
[4] FOLGUERAS L C,NOHARA E L,FEA R, et al.Dielectric microwave absorbing material processed by impregnation of carbon fiber fabric with poly-aniline[J].Materials Research,2007,10(1):95-99
[5] LIU Z, TAO R, LUO P, et al. Preparation and microwave absorbing property of carbon fiber/polyurethane radar absorbing coating[J]. Rsc Advances,2017,7(73):46060-46068.
[6] OSOULIBOSTANABAD K, AGHAJAN H,HOSSEINZADE E,et al. High microwave absorption of Nano-FeO deposited electrophoretically on carbon fiber[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes,31(1):1351-1356.
[7]王晨,康飞宇,顾家琳.铁钴镍合金粒子/石墨薄片复合材料的制备与吸波性能研究[J].无机材料学报,2010,25(4):406-410.WANG Chen,KANG Feiyu,GU Jialin. Synthesis and microwave absorbing properties of Fe Co Ni alloy particles/graphite flaky composites[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials,2010,25(4):406-410.
[8]吴爱兵.碳包覆磁性纳米颗粒的合成、结构及磁性能研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2011:92-97.WU Aibing. Synthesis,structure and mangetic property studies of catbom-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2011:92-97.
[9]曾国勋,张海燕,葛鹰,等. Fe Co Ni合金超细粉体的制备及其微波性能研究[J].表面技术,2010,39(3):1-5.ZENG Guoxun, ZHANG Haiyan, GE Ying, et al.Fabrication and absorption of Fe Co Ni alloy fine powders[J]. Surface Technology,2010,39(3):1-5.
[10]邹建平.磁性四氧化三铁纳米复合材料的制备及其微波吸收应用研究[D].合肥:安徽大学,2014:27-28.ZHOU Jianping. Preparation and microwave absorption property of magnetic Fe3O4nanocomposites[D]. Hefei:Anhui University,2014:27-28.
[11] LIU Z,XU G,ZHANG M,et al. Synthesis of Co Fe2O4/RGO nanocomposites by click chemistry and electromagnetic wave absorption properties[J]. J Mater Sci Mater Electron,2016,27(9):9278-9285.
[12] LI Z T,YE M Q,HAN A J,et al. Preparation,characterization and microwave absorption properties of Ni Fe2O4, and its composites with conductive polymer[J]. J Mater Sci Mater Electron,2016,27(1):1031-1043.
[13]吴友朋,刘祥萱,周友杰,等.吸收剂颗粒尺寸对吸波材料性能的影响[J].宇航材料工艺,2010,40(1):42-44.WU Youpeng,LIU Xiangxuan,ZHOU Youjie,et al.Effects of inclusion-particle size on absorbing ability of microwave absorbing materials[J]. Aerospace Materials&Technology,2010,40(1):42-44.
[14]张晏清,张雄.钡铁氧体的颗粒粒径与吸波性能研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(2):225-228.ZHANG Yanqing,ZHANG Xiong. Effect of particle size on microwave absorption property of barium ferrite[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science Edition),2006,34(2):225-228.
[15] DOSOUDIL R, USAKOVA M, FRANEK J, et al.Particle size and concentration effect on permeability and EM-wave absorption properties of hybrid ferrite polymer composites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Magr,2010,46(2):436-439.
[16] HAN Z, LI D, WANG H, et al. Broadband electromagnetic-wave absorption by Fe Co/C nanocapsules[J]. Appl Phys Lett,2009,95:023114
[17] LU M M,CAO W Q,SHI H L,et al. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes decorated with Zn O nanocrystals:mild solution-process synthesis and highly efficient microwave absorption properties at elevated temperature[J]. J Mater Chem A,2014,2(27):10540-10547.
[18] CAO M S,QIN R R,QIU C J,et al. Matching design and mismatching analysis towards radar absorbing coatings based on conducting plate[J]. Mater Design,2003,24(5):391-396.
[19] WANG L, HE F, WAN Y. Facile synthesis and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of magnetic carbon fiber coated with Fe-Co alloy by electroplating[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2011,509(14):4726-4730.
[20] LI J,BI S,MEI B,et al. Effects of three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide coupled with nickel nanoparticles on the microwave absorption of carbon fiberbased composites[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,717:205-213.
[21] TEKMEN C, TSUNEKAWA Y, NAKANISHI H.Electrospinning of carbon nanofiber supported Fe/Co/Ni ternary alloy nanoparticles[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2010,210(3):451-455.
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