新时代中央政府职能与作用的重新审视
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摘要
在有关中国改革的理论解释影响之下,当前的政策研究并没有给予中央政府足够的重视。中央政府极为关键,但是尚未被发掘的作用至少表现在两个方面。首先是为地方政府的政策创新创造基本条件。改革开放以来政策创新其本质是"中央搭台地方唱戏",在这场大规模工程中地方政府的政策创新只不过是其中一环,其职能与作用的凸显完全得益于中央政府在背后保障了这项大规模工程的持续推进。其次是解决地方政府自主决策权所带来的副作用。放权地方政府之后,自主决策权带来的不只是政策创新,还有与之相伴随的不良行为。这些不良行为常常导致严重后果,都需要中央政府加以应对。总体来看,中央政府是整个大局中的核心部分,在未来的研究中应给予中央政府更多重视。
The current policy study didn't give the central government sufficient attention. However, the central government plays critical roles in at least two aspects: First, it has to create foundations for the local government policy innovation. Since the reform and opening era, the essence of policy innovation is a large-scale project, and local policy innovation only consists of one part of this project.The local governments benefit from the central endeavor of promoting this project; second, the central government has to solve the side effect of system decentralizing. Decentralizing brings more than the autonomy of local government, but bad behaviors. These bad behav-iors often lead to serious consequences, which require central response. On balance, the central government is the most important part in the policy process. It requires more attention in future research.
The current policy study didn't give the central government sufficient attention. However, the central government plays critical roles in at least two aspects: First, it has to create foundations for the local government policy innovation. Since the reform and opening era, the essence of policy innovation is a large-scale project, and local policy innovation only consists of one part of this project.The local governments benefit from the central endeavor of promoting this project; second, the central government has to solve the side effect of system decentralizing. Decentralizing brings more than the autonomy of local government, but bad behaviors. These bad behav-iors often lead to serious consequences, which require central response. On balance, the central government is the most important part in the policy process. It requires more attention in future research.
引文
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[2]Heilmann S.Policy Experimentation in China’s Economic Rise[J].Studies in Comparative International Development,2008(1):1-26.
[3]郑永年,邱道隆.中国的“行为联邦制”:中央-地方关系的变革与动力[M].北京:东方出版社,2013.
[4]Xu C.The Fundamental Institutions of China’s Reforms and Development[J].Journal of Economic Literature,2011,49(4):1076-1151.
[5]刘培伟.基于中央选择性控制的试验——中国改革“实践”机制的一种新解释[J].开放时代,2010(4):59-81
[6]Mei C,Liu Z.Experiment-based Policy Making or Conscious Policy Design?The Case of Urban Housing Reform in China[J].Policy Sciences,2014,47(3):321-337.
[7]王绍光.学习机制与适应能力:中国农村合作医疗体制变迁的启示[J].中国社会科学,2008(6):111-133.
[8]任星欣,余嘉俊.改革开放以来的政策学习:以城镇土地使用政策变迁为例[J].公共管理评论,2016(2).