澳洲坚果破壳最佳工艺参数研究
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摘要
目的通过正交试验和有限元分析获得澳洲坚果较好的破壳加载方向和破壳加载速率。方法首先设计一个正交试验,试验的因素有澳洲坚果直径、加载速度、加载方向,试验的指标为破壳力和整仁率。其次,通过Ansys软件对从不同方向加载的澳洲坚果进行有限元分析。结果试验指标受3种试验因素的影响都较显著,且3种因素的影响独立。澳洲坚果所需的破壳力随着坚果直径的增大而增大,破壳效果最好的加载速度在25～45 mm/min之间。整仁率最大的加载方向是沿种脐线方向加载。有限元分析得出沿种脐线方向加载时,裂纹较多且走向明显,破壳效果最佳。结论为澳洲坚果的包装生产工艺优化提供了参考。
The work aims to obtain the better loading direction and loading rate of shell breaking of Macadamia nuts through orthogonal test and finite element analysis. Firstly, an orthogonal experiment was designed. The factors of the experiment included the diameter of Macadamia nut, loading speed and loading direction. The indexes of the experiment were shell breaking force and peel rate. Secondly, the finite element analysis of Macadamia nuts loaded from different directions was carried out by Ansys software. The test indexes were significantly affected by three test factors, and the influence of three factors was independent. The shell breaking force of Macadamia nut increased with the increase of nut diameter. The loading speed for the best shell breaking effect was between 25～45 mm/min. The loading direction of the maximum peel rate was along the seed umbilical cord. Finite element analysis showed that, there were more cracks and obvious strikes along the direction of the seed umbilical cord, and the shell breaking effect was the best. It provides a reference for optimizing the packaging process of Macadamia nuts.
The work aims to obtain the better loading direction and loading rate of shell breaking of Macadamia nuts through orthogonal test and finite element analysis. Firstly, an orthogonal experiment was designed. The factors of the experiment included the diameter of Macadamia nut, loading speed and loading direction. The indexes of the experiment were shell breaking force and peel rate. Secondly, the finite element analysis of Macadamia nuts loaded from different directions was carried out by Ansys software. The test indexes were significantly affected by three test factors, and the influence of three factors was independent. The shell breaking force of Macadamia nut increased with the increase of nut diameter. The loading speed for the best shell breaking effect was between 25～45 mm/min. The loading direction of the maximum peel rate was along the seed umbilical cord. Finite element analysis showed that, there were more cracks and obvious strikes along the direction of the seed umbilical cord, and the shell breaking effect was the best. It provides a reference for optimizing the packaging process of Macadamia nuts.
引文
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[12]郑甲红,东泽,梁金生.基于Workbench的青核桃力学特性分析[J].食品与机械,2015,31(5):86-88.ZHEN Jia-hong,DONG Ze,LIANG Jin-sheng.Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Green Walnut Based on Workbench[J].Food and Machinery,2015,31(5):86-88.
[13]程红胜,李长友.荔枝果核力学特性分析及试验[J].农机化研究,2009,31(12):138-140.CHENG Hong-sheng,LI Chang-you.Analysis and Experiment of Mechanical Properties of Litchi Kernel[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009,31(12):138-140.
[14]杨锐,陈红.激光与核桃相互作用的力学推导及有限元分析[J].农机化研究,2008,30(4):52-54.YANG Rui,CHEN Hong.Mechanical Deduction and Finite Element Analysis of Interaction Between Laser and Walnut[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2008,30(4):52-54.
[15]王斌,刘德华,张淑娟.核桃物理力学特性参数的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2017(8):165-169.WANG Bin,LIU De-hua,ZHANG Shu-juan.Experimental Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Walnut[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017(8):165-169.
[16]贺熙勇,陶丽,倪书邦,等.15个澳洲坚果品种在云南的产量及品质[J].热带作物学报,2009,30(10):1399-1407.HE Xi-yong,TAO Li,NI Shu-bang,et al.Yield and Quality of 15 Macadamia Nut Varieties in Yunnan[J].Journal of Tropical Crops,2009,30(10):1399-1407.
[2]宋德庆,邓干然,薛忠,等.澳洲坚果破壳技术的发展现状及对策[J].农机化研究,2010,32(9):241-244.SONG De-qing,DENG Gan-ran,XUE Zhong,et al.Development and Status of Macadamia Hull Breaking Technology[J].Agricultural Mechanization Research,2010,32(9):241-244.
[3]云南澳洲坚果产业调研组.云南省澳洲坚果产业发展现状存在问题及建议[J].热带农业科技,2007,30(1):1014.Yunnan Macadamia Industry Research Group.Problems and Suggestions on Macadamia Industry in Yunnan[J].Tropical Agricultural Technology,2007,30(1):1014.
[4]刁卓超,杨薇,李建欢,等.澳洲坚果热风干燥特性研究[J].食品与机械,2010,26(6):44-46.DIAO Zhuo-chao,YANG Wei,LI Jian-huan,et al.Study on Hot Air Drying Characteristics of Macadamia Nut[J].Food and Machinery,2010,26(6):44-46.
[5]何义川,王序俭,曹肆林,等.对辊挤压式核桃破壳装置的设计与试验研究[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(9):350-352.HE Yi-chuan,WANG Xu-jian,CAO Si-lin,et al.Design and Experimental Study of Roller Crushing Shell for Walnut[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(9):350-352.
[6]董诗韩,史建新.多辊挤压式核桃破壳机的设计与试验[J].新疆农业大学学报,2011,30(1):62-65.DONG Shi-han,SHI Jian-xin.Design and Experiment of Multi Roll Extrusion Walnut Shell Breaking Machine[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2011,30(1):62-65.
[7]谢丽娟.莲子破裂最佳位置的有限元模拟及试验研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2005.XIE Li-juan.Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Study on the Optimal Location of Lotus Seed Bursting[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2005
[8]谢丽娟,宗力.莲子受力有限元分析[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(6):94-97.XIE Li-juan,ZONG Li.Finite Element Analysis of Lotus Seed Stress[J].Journal of Agricultural Machinery,2006,37(6):94-97.
[9]李勇,张宏,王萍,等.温185核桃压缩力学特性研究[J].食品与机械,2016,32(4):57-60.LI Yong,ZHANG Hong,WANG Ping,et al.Study on Compressive Mechanical Properties of Walnut 185[J].Food and Machinery,2016,32(4):57-60.
[10]沈柳杨,张宏,唐玉荣,等.自分级挤压式核桃破壳机的设计与试验[J].食品与机械,2016,32(7):80-85.SHEN Liu-yang,ZHANG Hong,TANG Yu-rong,et al.Design and Experiment of Self Grading Walnut Shell Breaking Machine[J].Food and Machinery,2016,32(7):80-85.
[11]袁越锦,徐英英,党新安.板栗脱壳技术与破壳机理研究现状及发展趋势[J].食品工业科技,2008,29(10):301-305.YUAN Yue-jin,XU Ying-ying,DANG Xin-an.Research Status and Development Trend of Chestnut Shelling Technology and Shell Breaking Mechanism[J].Food Industry Technology,2008,29(10):301-305.
[12]郑甲红,东泽,梁金生.基于Workbench的青核桃力学特性分析[J].食品与机械,2015,31(5):86-88.ZHEN Jia-hong,DONG Ze,LIANG Jin-sheng.Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Green Walnut Based on Workbench[J].Food and Machinery,2015,31(5):86-88.
[13]程红胜,李长友.荔枝果核力学特性分析及试验[J].农机化研究,2009,31(12):138-140.CHENG Hong-sheng,LI Chang-you.Analysis and Experiment of Mechanical Properties of Litchi Kernel[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009,31(12):138-140.
[14]杨锐,陈红.激光与核桃相互作用的力学推导及有限元分析[J].农机化研究,2008,30(4):52-54.YANG Rui,CHEN Hong.Mechanical Deduction and Finite Element Analysis of Interaction Between Laser and Walnut[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2008,30(4):52-54.
[15]王斌,刘德华,张淑娟.核桃物理力学特性参数的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2017(8):165-169.WANG Bin,LIU De-hua,ZHANG Shu-juan.Experimental Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Walnut[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017(8):165-169.
[16]贺熙勇,陶丽,倪书邦,等.15个澳洲坚果品种在云南的产量及品质[J].热带作物学报,2009,30(10):1399-1407.HE Xi-yong,TAO Li,NI Shu-bang,et al.Yield and Quality of 15 Macadamia Nut Varieties in Yunnan[J].Journal of Tropical Crops,2009,30(10):1399-1407.