体外产气法筛选基于真姬菇菌糟碱贮的山羊日粮配方
|
摘要
试验选取6只6月龄、体重(25±2.5) kg、安装瘤胃瘘管的健康川中黑山羊为瘤胃液供体;采用ANKOM RFS体外产气系统筛选基于真姬菇菌糟复合碱贮的山羊全混合日粮(TMR)配方。试验日粮按NRC山羊营养需要量配制,真姬菇菌糟复合碱贮在其中的添加比例分别为0、20%、30%、40%(以DM计,分别记为CK、SMS2、SMS3、SMS4组),每个水平3次重复,测定发酵0、6、12、18、24、30、36、42、48 h的产气量(GP),并测定48 h发酵液中挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、微生物蛋白(MCP)、氨态氮(NH_3-N)含量、pH和体外真消化率(IVTD)。结果表明:SMS2、SMS3、SMS4组的GP_(48 h)、IVTD、MCP、TVFA较对照组分别提高了6.87%(P<0.01)、9.40%(P<0.01)、4.22%(P<0.05);10.98%(P<0.01)、16.11%(P<0.01)、18.17%(P<0.01);4.01%(P<0.05)、8.59%(P<0.05)、10.08%(P<0.05)及12.96%(P<0.05)、24.93%(P<0.01)、31.09%(P<0.01)。各组发酵液pH为6.66～6.70,NH_3-N浓度为16.96～18.45 mg/100 mL,乙酸丙酸比(A/P)为3.68～4.33,均在适宜范围之内。综合试验结果,真姬菇菌糟复合碱贮可以代替部分粗饲料,在育肥山羊全混合日粮(TMR)中的适宜添加比例为30%。
In this experiment,6 healthy Chuanzhong Black goats((25±2.5) kg) were selected and rumen fistula was installed for rumen fluid collection.The ANKOM RFS in vitro gas production system was used to select the diet formula based on compound alkali storage of spent mushroom substrate.The test formula was prepared according to the nutrient requirement of NRC goats.The addition ratio of the compound alkali storage of spent mushroom substrate was 0,20%,30%,40%(CK,SMS2,SMS3,SMS4),and each level was repeated 3 times.The gas production(GP) at 0,6,12,18,24,30,36,42 and 48 h was measured,and the volatile fatty acids(VFA),microbial protein(MCP),ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N),pH and in vitro true digestibility(IVTD) in fermentation broth at 48 h were determined.The results showed that the GP_(48 h),IVTD,MCP and TVFA of the experimental groups SMS2,SMS3 and SMS4 compared with control group,were increased by 6.87%(P<0.01),9.40%(P<0.01),4.22%(P<0.05);10.98%(P<0.01),16.11%(P<0.01),18.17%(P<0.01);4.01%(P<0.05),8.59%(P<0.05),10.08%(P<0.05) and 12.96%(P<0.05),24.93%(P<0.01),31.09%(P<0.01),respectively.The pH of four groups ranged from 6.66 to 6.70,NH_3-N ranged from 16.96 to 18.45 mg/100 mL,and A/P ranged from 3.68 to 4.33,they were all within the appropriate range.In conclusion,compound alkali storage of spent mushroom substrate could replace part of the roughage,and the recommended dosage was 30% for the fattening goat diet.
In this experiment,6 healthy Chuanzhong Black goats((25±2.5) kg) were selected and rumen fistula was installed for rumen fluid collection.The ANKOM RFS in vitro gas production system was used to select the diet formula based on compound alkali storage of spent mushroom substrate.The test formula was prepared according to the nutrient requirement of NRC goats.The addition ratio of the compound alkali storage of spent mushroom substrate was 0,20%,30%,40%(CK,SMS2,SMS3,SMS4),and each level was repeated 3 times.The gas production(GP) at 0,6,12,18,24,30,36,42 and 48 h was measured,and the volatile fatty acids(VFA),microbial protein(MCP),ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N),pH and in vitro true digestibility(IVTD) in fermentation broth at 48 h were determined.The results showed that the GP_(48 h),IVTD,MCP and TVFA of the experimental groups SMS2,SMS3 and SMS4 compared with control group,were increased by 6.87%(P<0.01),9.40%(P<0.01),4.22%(P<0.05);10.98%(P<0.01),16.11%(P<0.01),18.17%(P<0.01);4.01%(P<0.05),8.59%(P<0.05),10.08%(P<0.05) and 12.96%(P<0.05),24.93%(P<0.01),31.09%(P<0.01),respectively.The pH of four groups ranged from 6.66 to 6.70,NH_3-N ranged from 16.96 to 18.45 mg/100 mL,and A/P ranged from 3.68 to 4.33,they were all within the appropriate range.In conclusion,compound alkali storage of spent mushroom substrate could replace part of the roughage,and the recommended dosage was 30% for the fattening goat diet.
引文
[1] 崔嘉,陈宝江.菌糠饲料的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2018,3:77-84.CUI J,CHEN B J.Research progress on bacillus feed[J].Feed Research,2018,3:77-84.(in Chinese)
[2] PAULA F S,TATTI E,ABRAM F,et al.Stabilisation of spent mushroom substrate for application as a plant growth-promoting organic amendment[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,196:476-486.
[3] MENG L,LI W,ZHANG S,et al.Feasibility of co-composting of sewage sludge,spent mushroom substrate and wheat straw[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,226:39-45.
[4] LOU Z,YUE S,BIAN S,et al.Nutrient conservation during spent mushroom compost application using spent mushroom substrate derived biochar[J].Chemosphere,2017,169:23-31.
[5] SEWU D D,BOAKYE P,JUNG H,et al.Synergistic dye adsorption by biochar from co-pyrolysis of spent mushroom substrate and Saccharina japonica[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,244:1142-1149.
[6] 陈鑫珠,李文杨,刘远,等.菌糠发酵饲料品质的动态变化[J].中国草食动物科学,2018,38(3):76-78.CHEN X Z,LI W Y,LIU Y,et al.Dynamic changes of fermentation quality of bacillus [J].China Herbivore Science,2018,38(3):76-78.(in Chinese)
[7] 许锦聪,苗景,何祥波,等.真姬菇菌糠碱贮效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(8):2147-2156.XU J C,MIAO J,HE X B,et al.Study on effect of alkali storage in spent mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) substrate[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(8):2147-2156.(in Chinese)
[8] MENKE K H,RAAB L,SALEWSKI A,et al.The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,93(1):217-222.
[9] 刘立成,曹秀青,刘大森.毛细管气相色谱法测试瘤胃液VFA可行性的研究[J].饲料工业,2008,20:59-60.LIU L C,CAO X Q,LIU D S.Feasibility study on testing VFA of rumen liquid by capillary gas chromatography[J].Feed Industry,2008,20:59-60.(in Chinese)
[10] BRODERICK G A,KANG J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[11] MAKKAR H P,BECKER K.Purine quantification in digesta from ruminants by spectrophotometric and HPLC methods[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1999,81(2):107-112.
[12] THEODOROU M K,WILLIAMS B A,DHANOA M S,et al.A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,1994,48(3):185-197.
[13] 于满满,姜雨轩,张美美,等.利用体外产气法评定不同比例氨化秸秆替代苜蓿的组合效应[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(12):3497-3504.YU M M,JIANG Y Z X,ZHANG M M,et al.Evaluation of associative effects of alfalfa meal and ammoniated corn strawby gas production technique in vitro[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(12):3497-3504.(in Chinese)
[14] 樊庆山,刁其玉,毕研亮,等.3种植物饼粕类饲料原料对肉牛体外产气量、瘤胃发酵以及瘤胃降解特性的影响[J].饲料工业,2018,39(13):9-17.FAN Q S,DIAO Q Y,BI Y L,et al.Effects of three kinds of plant cakes on in vitro gas production,rumen fermentation and degradation characteristics in beef cattle [J].Feed Industry,2018,39(13):9-17.(in Chinese)
[15] KONGMUN P,WANAPAT M,PAKDEE P,et al.Effect of coconut oil and garlic powder on in vitro fermentation using gas production technique[J].Livestock Science,2010,127(1):38-44.
[16] 马俊南,司丙文,李成旭,等.体外产气法评价南方经济作物副产物对肉牛的营养价值[J].饲料工业,2016,37(9):34-43.MA J N,SI B W,LI C X,et al.Assessment of nutritional value of southern economic crops byproducts on beef cattle by gas production method in vitro[J].Feed Industry,2016,37(9):34-43.(in Chinese)
[17] 刘洁,刁其玉,赵一广,等.饲粮不同NFC/NDF对肉用绵羊瘤胃pH、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(6):1069-1077.LIU J,DIAO Q Y,ZHAO Y G,et al.Effects of dietary NFC/NDF ratios on rumen pH,NH3-N and VFA of meat sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(6):1069-1077.(in Chinese)
[18] LIU D,LIU X J,ZHU L S.Histology of tissues and cell wall of rice straw influenced by treatment with different chemicals and rumen degradation[J].Journal of Animal Feed Sciences,2005,14(2):373-387.
[19] 韦子海,王迪铭,刘建新.反刍动物日粮中非纤维性碳水化合物营养代谢的研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(5):6-10.WEI Z H,WANG D M,LIU J X.Advance in nutritional functions of dietary non-fiber carbohydrate in ruminants[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2018,54(5):6-10.(in Chinese)
[20] ROTGER A,FERRET A,CALSAMIGLIA S,et al.Changes in ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in growing Holstein heifers from 80 to 250 kg fed high-concentrate diets with different forage-to-concentrate ratios [J].Journal of Animal Science,2005,83(7):1616-1624.
[2] PAULA F S,TATTI E,ABRAM F,et al.Stabilisation of spent mushroom substrate for application as a plant growth-promoting organic amendment[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,196:476-486.
[3] MENG L,LI W,ZHANG S,et al.Feasibility of co-composting of sewage sludge,spent mushroom substrate and wheat straw[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,226:39-45.
[4] LOU Z,YUE S,BIAN S,et al.Nutrient conservation during spent mushroom compost application using spent mushroom substrate derived biochar[J].Chemosphere,2017,169:23-31.
[5] SEWU D D,BOAKYE P,JUNG H,et al.Synergistic dye adsorption by biochar from co-pyrolysis of spent mushroom substrate and Saccharina japonica[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,244:1142-1149.
[6] 陈鑫珠,李文杨,刘远,等.菌糠发酵饲料品质的动态变化[J].中国草食动物科学,2018,38(3):76-78.CHEN X Z,LI W Y,LIU Y,et al.Dynamic changes of fermentation quality of bacillus [J].China Herbivore Science,2018,38(3):76-78.(in Chinese)
[7] 许锦聪,苗景,何祥波,等.真姬菇菌糠碱贮效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(8):2147-2156.XU J C,MIAO J,HE X B,et al.Study on effect of alkali storage in spent mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) substrate[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(8):2147-2156.(in Chinese)
[8] MENKE K H,RAAB L,SALEWSKI A,et al.The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,93(1):217-222.
[9] 刘立成,曹秀青,刘大森.毛细管气相色谱法测试瘤胃液VFA可行性的研究[J].饲料工业,2008,20:59-60.LIU L C,CAO X Q,LIU D S.Feasibility study on testing VFA of rumen liquid by capillary gas chromatography[J].Feed Industry,2008,20:59-60.(in Chinese)
[10] BRODERICK G A,KANG J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[11] MAKKAR H P,BECKER K.Purine quantification in digesta from ruminants by spectrophotometric and HPLC methods[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1999,81(2):107-112.
[12] THEODOROU M K,WILLIAMS B A,DHANOA M S,et al.A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,1994,48(3):185-197.
[13] 于满满,姜雨轩,张美美,等.利用体外产气法评定不同比例氨化秸秆替代苜蓿的组合效应[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(12):3497-3504.YU M M,JIANG Y Z X,ZHANG M M,et al.Evaluation of associative effects of alfalfa meal and ammoniated corn strawby gas production technique in vitro[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(12):3497-3504.(in Chinese)
[14] 樊庆山,刁其玉,毕研亮,等.3种植物饼粕类饲料原料对肉牛体外产气量、瘤胃发酵以及瘤胃降解特性的影响[J].饲料工业,2018,39(13):9-17.FAN Q S,DIAO Q Y,BI Y L,et al.Effects of three kinds of plant cakes on in vitro gas production,rumen fermentation and degradation characteristics in beef cattle [J].Feed Industry,2018,39(13):9-17.(in Chinese)
[15] KONGMUN P,WANAPAT M,PAKDEE P,et al.Effect of coconut oil and garlic powder on in vitro fermentation using gas production technique[J].Livestock Science,2010,127(1):38-44.
[16] 马俊南,司丙文,李成旭,等.体外产气法评价南方经济作物副产物对肉牛的营养价值[J].饲料工业,2016,37(9):34-43.MA J N,SI B W,LI C X,et al.Assessment of nutritional value of southern economic crops byproducts on beef cattle by gas production method in vitro[J].Feed Industry,2016,37(9):34-43.(in Chinese)
[17] 刘洁,刁其玉,赵一广,等.饲粮不同NFC/NDF对肉用绵羊瘤胃pH、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(6):1069-1077.LIU J,DIAO Q Y,ZHAO Y G,et al.Effects of dietary NFC/NDF ratios on rumen pH,NH3-N and VFA of meat sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(6):1069-1077.(in Chinese)
[18] LIU D,LIU X J,ZHU L S.Histology of tissues and cell wall of rice straw influenced by treatment with different chemicals and rumen degradation[J].Journal of Animal Feed Sciences,2005,14(2):373-387.
[19] 韦子海,王迪铭,刘建新.反刍动物日粮中非纤维性碳水化合物营养代谢的研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(5):6-10.WEI Z H,WANG D M,LIU J X.Advance in nutritional functions of dietary non-fiber carbohydrate in ruminants[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2018,54(5):6-10.(in Chinese)
[20] ROTGER A,FERRET A,CALSAMIGLIA S,et al.Changes in ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in growing Holstein heifers from 80 to 250 kg fed high-concentrate diets with different forage-to-concentrate ratios [J].Journal of Animal Science,2005,83(7):1616-1624.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |