真姬菇菌糠碱贮效果研究
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摘要
为了研究真姬菇菌糠碱贮效果,试验采用CaO、Ca(OH)_2、CaO+3%尿素及Ca(OH)_2+3%尿素4种碱贮处理,每种处理碱(CaO或Ca(OH)_2)的添加量设3%、4%、5%及6%4个水平,分别为CO3、CO4、CO5、CO6,CH3、CH4、CH5、CH6,COU3、COU4、COU5、COU6,CHU3、CHU4、CHU5、CHU6,每个水平4个重复,2个空白组,1组空白(CK)仅为真姬菇菌糠,另1组空白(CKU)为真姬菇菌糠+3%尿素,室温下碱贮30d。结果表明:CO3、CO4、CO5、CO6组酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和游离棉酚含量较CK组分别降低8.61%、12.69%、13.74%、16.63%和29.58%、33.92%、39.04%、41.31%,CO5、CO6组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸洗木质素(ADL)含量较CK组显著降低(P<0.05),可降解细胞壁(CB2)和相对饲喂价值(RFV)较CK组显著提高(P<0.05);CH3、CH4、CH5、CH6组ADF和游离棉酚含量较CK组分别降低7.30%、10.90%、13.90%、17.14%和28.47%、32.69%、40.48%、43.59%,CH5、CH6组NDF、ADL含量较CK组显著降低(P<0.05),CB2和RFV较CK组显著提高(P<0.05);COU3、COU4、COU5、COU6组NDF、ADF和游离棉酚含量较CKU组分别降低6.72%、8.86%、9.78%、12.10%;14.63%、16.37%、18.19%、20.21%及5.49%、14.24%、23.63%、24.66%,RFV提高18.97%、23.19%、25.86%、30.79%;CHU3、CHU4、CHU5、CHU6组NDF、ADF、ADL和游离棉酚含量较CKU组分别降低8.34%、11.87%、14.08%、16.97%,11.94%、15.19%、18.21%、19.06%,7.40%、14.93%、19.47%、19.30%和6.84%、15.60%、22.39%、24.10%,RFV提高18.88%、26.20%、34.00%、37.88%。CaO与Ca(OH)_2碱贮效果相近,添加3%尿素碱贮较CaO或Ca(OH)_2直接碱贮效果更佳,且可长期保存。
In order to study the effect of alkali storage on spent mushroom substrate,CaO,Ca(OH)_2,CaO+3% urea and Ca(OH)_2+3% urea were adopted in the experiment.Each treatment of alkali(CaO/Ca(OH)_2)had four levels(3%,4%,5%and 6%additive amount),that was named CO3,CO4,CO5 and CO6;CH3,CH4,CH5 and CH6;COU3,COU4,COU5 and COU6;CHU3,CHU4,CHU5 and CHU6,with 4 replicates per treatment.There were 2 blank groups,one group(CK group)was only spent mushroom substrate,the other one(CKU)was added 3% urea in spent mushroom substrate.Alkaline storage were fermented for 30 dat room temperature.The results showed that compared with the CK group,the content of ADF and free gossypol in CO3,CO4,CO5 and CO6 groups decreased 8.61%,12.69%,13.74%,16.63% and 29.58%,33.92%,39.04%,41.31%;The contents of NDF and ADL in CO5 and CO6 groups were significantly decreased,while the CB2 and RFV were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the CKgroup,the content of ADF and free gossypol in CH3,CH4,CH5 and CH6 groups were decreased7.30%,10.90%,13.90%,17.14% and 28.47%,32.69%,40.48%,43.59%,respectively;The contents of NDF and ADL in CH5 and CH6 groups were significant decreased,while the CB2 and RFV were significant increased(P<0.05).Compared with the CKU group,the contents of NDF,ADF and free gossypol in COU3,COU4,COU5 and COU6 groups decreased 6.72%,8.86%,9.78%,12.10% and 14.63%,16.37%,18.19%,20.21% and 5.49%,14.24%,23.63%,23.66%;RFV increased 18.97%,23.19%,25.86%,30.79%,respectively.Compared with the CKU group,the contents of NDF,ADF,ADL and free gossypol in CHU3,CHU4,CHU5 and CHU6 groups decreased 8.34%,11.87%,14.08%,16.97% and 11.94%,15.19%,18.21%,19.06% and 7.40%,14.93%,19.47%,19.30% and 6.84%,15.60%,22.39%,24.10%,RFV was increased 18.88%,26.20%,34.00%,37.88%,respectively.The effect of CaO and Ca(OH)_2 alkali storage was similar.Adding 3% urea alkali to storage much more better than adding CaO or Ca(OH)_2,and it could be preserved for a long time.
In order to study the effect of alkali storage on spent mushroom substrate,CaO,Ca(OH)_2,CaO+3% urea and Ca(OH)_2+3% urea were adopted in the experiment.Each treatment of alkali(CaO/Ca(OH)_2)had four levels(3%,4%,5%and 6%additive amount),that was named CO3,CO4,CO5 and CO6;CH3,CH4,CH5 and CH6;COU3,COU4,COU5 and COU6;CHU3,CHU4,CHU5 and CHU6,with 4 replicates per treatment.There were 2 blank groups,one group(CK group)was only spent mushroom substrate,the other one(CKU)was added 3% urea in spent mushroom substrate.Alkaline storage were fermented for 30 dat room temperature.The results showed that compared with the CK group,the content of ADF and free gossypol in CO3,CO4,CO5 and CO6 groups decreased 8.61%,12.69%,13.74%,16.63% and 29.58%,33.92%,39.04%,41.31%;The contents of NDF and ADL in CO5 and CO6 groups were significantly decreased,while the CB2 and RFV were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the CKgroup,the content of ADF and free gossypol in CH3,CH4,CH5 and CH6 groups were decreased7.30%,10.90%,13.90%,17.14% and 28.47%,32.69%,40.48%,43.59%,respectively;The contents of NDF and ADL in CH5 and CH6 groups were significant decreased,while the CB2 and RFV were significant increased(P<0.05).Compared with the CKU group,the contents of NDF,ADF and free gossypol in COU3,COU4,COU5 and COU6 groups decreased 6.72%,8.86%,9.78%,12.10% and 14.63%,16.37%,18.19%,20.21% and 5.49%,14.24%,23.63%,23.66%;RFV increased 18.97%,23.19%,25.86%,30.79%,respectively.Compared with the CKU group,the contents of NDF,ADF,ADL and free gossypol in CHU3,CHU4,CHU5 and CHU6 groups decreased 8.34%,11.87%,14.08%,16.97% and 11.94%,15.19%,18.21%,19.06% and 7.40%,14.93%,19.47%,19.30% and 6.84%,15.60%,22.39%,24.10%,RFV was increased 18.88%,26.20%,34.00%,37.88%,respectively.The effect of CaO and Ca(OH)_2 alkali storage was similar.Adding 3% urea alkali to storage much more better than adding CaO or Ca(OH)_2,and it could be preserved for a long time.
引文
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[26]热沙来提汗·买买提.化学及生物处理对棉花秸秆消化性改善效果研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2012.RESHALAITIHAN·MEMETI.Study of edible basidiomycete inoculated on the digestibility improvement of cotton stalk[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
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[2]陈明利,王晨,程薇,等.食用菌菌糠加工利用技术研究[J].中国食用菌,2015,2:1-4.CHEN M L,WANG C,CHENG W,et al.Processing and utilization technologies research on edible fungi residue[J].Edible Fungi of China,2015,2:1-4.(in Chinese)
[3]童应凯,王学佩,班立桐.食用菌栽培学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010.TONG Y K,WANG X P,BAN L T.Edible Mushroom Cultivation[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2010.(in Chinese)
[4]PAULA F S,TATTI E,ABRAM F,et al.Stabilization of spent mushroom substrate for application as a plant growth-promoting organic amendment[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,196:476-486.
[5]吴端钦,唐守伟,王延周,等.菌糠饲料化开发及其在动物生产中的应用[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(24):75-78.WU D Q,TANG S W,WANG Y Z,et al.Feed exploitation of spent mushroom substrate and its application in animal production[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2015,51(24):75-78.(in Chinese)
[6]FRUTOS I,GARCIA-DELGADO C,GARATE A,et al.Biosorption of heavy metals by organic carbon from spent mushroom substrates and their raw materials[J].International Journal of Environmental Science&Technology,2016,13(11):1-8.
[7]马吉锋,侯鹏霞,王建东,等.肉牛生产中菌糠饲料开发利用[J].中国畜禽种业,2017,2:81-83.MA J F,HOU P X,WANG J D,et al.Development and utilization of spent mushroom substrate in beef production[J].The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding,2017,2:81-83.(in Chinese)
[8]秦翠静,程书梅,陈宝江,等.菌糠在饲料中的应用研究[J].食用菌,2016,38(2):5-6.QIN C J,CHENG S M,CHEN B J,et al.Study on the application of spent mushroom substrate in feed[J].Edible Fungi,2016,38(2):5-6.(in Chinese)
[9]HALL M B.Comparisons of in vitrofermentation and high moisture forage processing methods for determination of neutral detergent fiber digestibility[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,2015,199(199):127-136.
[10]李志涛,林冬梅.菌糠发酵饲料开发应用研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(9):119-121.LI Z T,LIN D M.Study on the development and application of fermented fodder with spent mushroom substrate[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2015,47(9):119-121.(in Chinese)
[11]于满满,姜雨轩,张美美,等.利用体外产气法评定不同比例氨化秸秆替代苜蓿的组合效应[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(12):3497-3504.YU M M,JIANG Y X,ZHANG M M,et al.Evaluation of associative effects of alfalfa meal and ammoniated corn straw by gas production technique in vitro[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(12):3497-3504.(in Chinese)
[12]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].第2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.ZHANG L Y.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology[M].The second edition.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[13]VAN SOEST P J.Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feedsⅣ.Determination of plant cell-wall constituents[J].Journal-Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1967,50:50-55.
[14]CHEMISTS A O C.Approved methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists[M].Fayetteville:American Association of Cereal Chemists,1983.
[15]KRISHNAMOORTHY U,NIFFEN C J,STERN M D,et al.Evaluation of a mathematical model of rumen digestion and an in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen-undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1983,50(3):555-568.
[16]FOX D G,SNIFFEN C J,O’CONNOR J D,et al.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets:Ⅲ.Cattle requirements and diet adequacy[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(11):3578-3596.
[17]红敏,高民,卢德勋,等.粗饲料品质评定指数新一代分级指数的建立及与分级指数(GI_(2001))和饲料相对值(RFV)的比较研究[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011,32(9-10):143-146.HONG M,GAO M,LU D X,et al.New forage grading index:Its establishment and comparative study on the evaluation of forage quality with the grading index-2001(GI2001)and relative feed value(RFV)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,32(9-10):143-146.(in Chinese)
[18]李亚娇,孙国琴,郭九峰,等.食用菌菌糠利用的最新研究进展[J].中国食用菌,2017,36(4):1-4.LI Y Q,SUN G Q,GUO J F,et al.Latest research progress and utilization on spent mushroom substrate[J].Edible Fungi of China,2017,36(4):1-4.(in Chinese)
[19]李兵,王满红,刘继军,等.不同尿素水平氨化稻草体外培养发酵的产气规律[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(21):34-37.LI B,WANG M H,LIU J J,et al.In vitro gas production of rice straw ammoniated with different levels of urea[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2011,47(21):34-37.(in Chinese)
[20]COOK D E,BENDER R W,SHINNERS K J,et al.The effects of calcium hydroxide-treated whole-plant and fractionated corn silage on intake,digestion,and lactation performance in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(7):5385-5389.
[21]徐清华,张文举,赵新伟,等.复合化学处理麦秸的效果研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,17:17-20.XU Q H,ZHANG W J,ZHAO X W,et al.Study on the effects of complex chemical treatments on wheat straw[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2014,17:17-20.(in Chinese)
[22]SOSNOWSKI J,JANKOWSKI K,DOMANSKI P,et al.Relative feed value of different varieties of Dactylis glomerata and Festuca pratensis[J].Journal of Life Science,2015,9:443-448.
[23]张晓梅.种畜棉酚中毒的诊治[J].黑龙江动物繁殖,2016,24(1):56-57.ZHANG X M.The diagnosis and treatment of breeding stock of gossypol poisoning[J].Heilongjiang Journal of Animal Reproduction,2016,24(1):56-57.(in Chinese)
[24]邓思君,袁慧.棉籽饼饲料中棉酚生殖毒性的研究进展[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011,32(7):37-38.DENG S J,YUAN H.Research progress on the reproductive toxicity of gossypol in the feed of cottonseed cake[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2011,32(7):37-38.(in Chinese)
[25]王炜康,杨红建,邢亚亮,等.棉酚对反刍动物的危害性及其瘤胃微生物学脱毒机理探讨[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(6):15-19.WANG W K,YANG H J,XING Y L,et al.Gossypol’s toxicity and its microbial detoxification mode in ruminants:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2017,53(6):15-19.(in Chinese)
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