桂中坳陷南丹地区中—下泥盆统塘丁组富有机质页岩储层特征
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摘要
滇黔桂盆地桂中坳陷南丹地区泥盆系页岩特征研究较少。为了进一步评价该地区下—中泥盆统塘丁组页岩气勘探前景,以野外露头剖面观察和钻井资料为基础,结合薄片鉴定,对该地区泥盆系页岩特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)桂中坳陷泥盆纪广泛海侵和陆内裂陷使该地区发展成为"台—盆相间"格局,台盆环境发育大量页岩和碳质泥岩,其中塘丁组为一套黑色、深灰色、灰黑色泥页岩沉积,具有页岩气开发潜力;(2)塘丁组泥页岩厚度大,有机质丰度高(有机碳含量介于0.38%~4.21%),成熟度介于1.5%~3.6%,储层微孔隙发育,脆性矿物含量适中(介于44%~76%),具备形成页岩气的资源基础和成藏条件;(3)南丹地区塘丁组发育有连续且具一定厚度的页岩地层,其地化特征、物性特征及沉积厚度可与北美及四川页岩气储层对比。结论认为该区塘丁组页岩具有较好的页岩气勘探潜力,塘丁组上段页岩气开发潜力好于下段。
The characteristics of Devonian shale in the Nandan area of Guizhong Depression are less studied. In order to further evaluate the shale gas exploration potential of Tangding Formation, Lower-Middle Devonian in this area, the characteristics of Devonian shale in the Nandan area of Guizhong Depression were studied in this paper based on outcrop section observation and drilling data, combined with thin section analysis. It is shown that the "platform-basin" alternative pattern is developed in Nandan area due to Devonian extensive transgression and intracontinental rift in the Guizhong Depression. A great amount of shale and carbonaceous mudstone is developed in platform-basin environment. The Tangding Formation is a set of black, dark gray and gray black mud shale deposits, and it has the development potential of shale gas. The Tangding Formation mud shale is characterized by large thickness, high abundance of organic matter(TOC 0.38% ~ 4.21%), higher maturity(1.5% ~ 3.6%), presence of reservoir micropores and moderate brittle mineral content(44% ~ 76%), so it provides the resource base and accumulation conditions of shale gas. In the Nandan area, shale strata are developed continuously with a certain thickness. Compared with the shale gas in North America and Sichuan from the aspects of geochemistry, physical property and sedimentary thickness, the Tangding Formation shale gas in the Nandan area is better in shale gas exploration potential. It is indicated that the shale gas development potential of the upper member of Tangding Formation is better than that of the lower member.
The characteristics of Devonian shale in the Nandan area of Guizhong Depression are less studied. In order to further evaluate the shale gas exploration potential of Tangding Formation, Lower-Middle Devonian in this area, the characteristics of Devonian shale in the Nandan area of Guizhong Depression were studied in this paper based on outcrop section observation and drilling data, combined with thin section analysis. It is shown that the "platform-basin" alternative pattern is developed in Nandan area due to Devonian extensive transgression and intracontinental rift in the Guizhong Depression. A great amount of shale and carbonaceous mudstone is developed in platform-basin environment. The Tangding Formation is a set of black, dark gray and gray black mud shale deposits, and it has the development potential of shale gas. The Tangding Formation mud shale is characterized by large thickness, high abundance of organic matter(TOC 0.38% ~ 4.21%), higher maturity(1.5% ~ 3.6%), presence of reservoir micropores and moderate brittle mineral content(44% ~ 76%), so it provides the resource base and accumulation conditions of shale gas. In the Nandan area, shale strata are developed continuously with a certain thickness. Compared with the shale gas in North America and Sichuan from the aspects of geochemistry, physical property and sedimentary thickness, the Tangding Formation shale gas in the Nandan area is better in shale gas exploration potential. It is indicated that the shale gas development potential of the upper member of Tangding Formation is better than that of the lower member.
引文
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[13]潘仁芳,龚琴,鄢杰,金吉能.页岩气藏“甜点”构成要素及富气特征分析--以四川盆地长宁地区龙马溪组为例[J].天然气工业,2016,36(3):7-13.Pan Renfang,Gong Qin,Yan Jie&Jin Jineng.Elements and gas enrichment laws of sweet spots in shale gas reservoir:Acase study of the Longmaxi Fm in Changning Block,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(3):7-13.
[14]邹才能,董大忠,王社教,李建忠,李新景,王玉满,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Shejiao,Li Jianzhong,Li Xinjing,Wang Yuman,et al.Geological characteristics,formation mechanism and resource potential of shale gas in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):641-653.
[15]张晓明,石万忠,徐清海,王任,徐壮,王健,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩气储层特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2015,08:926-939.Zhang Xiaoming,Shi Wanzhong,Xu Qinghai,Wang Ren,Xu Zhuang,Wang Jian,et al.Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of shale gas in Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,08:926-939.
[16]王阳,陈洁,胡琳,朱炎铭.沉积环境对页岩气储层的控制作用--以中下扬子区下寒武统筇竹寺组为例[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):845-850.Wang Yang,Chen Jie,Hu Lin&Zhu Yanming.Sedimentary environment control on shale gas reservoir:A case study of Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Middle Lower Yangtze area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(8):845-850.
[17]王亮,陈云燕,刘玉霞.川东南彭水地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(5):80-88.Wang Liang,Chen Yunyan&Liu Yuxia.Shale porous structural characteristics of Longmaxi Formation in Pengshui Area of Southeast Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(5):80-88.
[18]何建华,丁文龙,付景龙,李昂,代鹏.页岩微观孔隙成因类型研究[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(5):30-35.He Jianghua,Ding Wenlong,Fu Jinglong,Li Ang,Dai Peng.Study on genetic type of micropore in shale reservoir[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(5):30-35.
[19]陈元壮,刘洛夫,蔡勋育,王毅.华南地区晚古生代海相地层油气成藏条件[J].天然气工业,2007,27(10):20-23.Chen Yuanzhuang,Liu Luofu,Cai Xunyu&Wang Yi.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of Late Paleozoic marine strata in Southern China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(10):20-23.
[20]唐颖,邢云,李乐忠,张滨海,蒋时馨.页岩储层可压裂性影响因素及评价方法[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):356-363.Tang Ying,Xing Yun,Li Lezhong,Zhang Binhai&Jiang Shixin.Influence factors and evaluation methods of the gas shale fracability[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(5):356-363.
[21]闫建平,言语,司马立强,温丹妮,温新房,耿斌.泥页岩储层裂缝特征及其与“五性”之间的关系[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(3):87-93.Yan Jianping,Yan Yu,Si Ma Liqiang,Wen Danni,Wen Xinfang&Geng Bin.Relationship between fracture characteristics and"five-property"of shale reservoir[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(3):87-93.
[22]黄振凯,陈建平,薛海涛,王义军,王民,邓春萍.松辽盆地白垩系青山口组泥页岩孔隙结构特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):58-65.Huang Zhenkai,Chen Jianping,Xue Haitao,Wang Yijun,Wang Min&Deng Chunping.Microstructural characteristics of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation shale,Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration And Development,2013,40(1):58-65.
[2]钟光海,谢冰,周肖,彭骁,田冲.四川盆地页岩气储层含气量的测井评价方法[J].天然气工业,2016,36(8):43-51.Zhong Guanghai,Xie Bing,Zhou Xiao,Peng Xiao&Tian Chong.A logging evaluation method for gas content of shale gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(8):43-51.
[3]陈子炓,姚根顺,郭庆新,彭平安,徐政语,马立桥,等.桂中坳陷海相地层油气成藏与热作用改造[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(3):1-10.Chen Ziliao,Yao Genshun,Guo Qingxin,Peng Pingan,Xu Zhengyu,Ma Liqiao,et al.Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Thermal Reconstruction of Neopaleozoic Marine Strata in Guizhong Depression[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2010,15(3):1-10.
[4]林良彪,陈洪德,陈子炓,侯明才,贺训云,郝毅.桂中坳陷中泥盆统烃源岩特征[J].天然气工业,2009,29(3):45-47.Lin Liangbiao,Chen Hongde,Chen Ziliao,Hou Mingcai,He Xunyun&Hao Yi.Characteristics of Middle Devonian hydrocarbon source rocks in the Guizhong(Middle Guangxi)depression[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(3):45-47.
[5]贺训云,姚根顺,贺晓苏,陈子炓,王鹏万.桂中坳陷泥盆系烃源岩发育环境及潜力评价[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):273-279.He Xunyun,Yao Genshun,He Xiaosu,Chen Ziliao&Wang Pengwan.An evaluation of depositional environment and potential of Devonian source rocks in Guizhong Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):273-279.
[6]张志平,程礼军,刘俊峰,汪威,曾祥亮.湖南保靖下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏地质条件评价[J].天然气勘探与开发,2015,38(1):9-11.Zhang Zhiping,Cheng Lijun,Liu Junfeng,Wang Wei&Zeng Xiangliang.Geological conditions to form shale-gas reservoirs of Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation,Baojing area,Hunan Province[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2015,38(1):9-11.
[7]侯明才,陈洪德,田景春.晚古生代右江盆地生物礁储层特征研究[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2005,32(3):231-238.Hou Mingcai,Chen Hongde&Tian Jingchun.Study on reservoir characteristics of the Late Paleozoic reef in Youjiang Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2005,32(3):231-238.
[8]杜远生,龚一鸣,吴诒,冯庆来,刘本培.黔桂地区泥盆纪层序地层和台内裂陷槽的形成演化[J].沉积学报,1997,15(4):11-17.Du Yuansheng,Gong Yiming,Wu Yi,Feng Qinglai&Liu Bengpei.Devonian Sequence Stratigrapny and Formation and Evolut ion of Intraplatform Rift Trough in the Guangxi and Guizhou Area,China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1997,15(4):104-113.
[9]Bowker KA.Barnett Shale gas production,Fort Worth Basin:Issues and discussion[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
[10]Chalmsrs RGR&Bustin RM.Lower Cretaceous gas shales of Northeastern British Columbia:Geological controls on gas capacity and regional evaluation of a potential resource[C]//Proceedings of 2008 AAPG Annual Convention.San Antonio,Texas:AAPG,2008.
[11]张水昌,梁狄刚,张大江.关于古生界烃源岩有机质丰度的评价标准[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(2):8-12.Zhang Shuichang,Liang Digang&Zhang Dajiang.Evaluation criteria for Paleozoic effective hydrocarbon source rocks[J].Petroleum Exploration And Development,2002,29(2):8-12.
[12]Peters KE&Cassa MR.Applied source rock geochemistry[M]//Magoon LB&Dow WG.The Petroleum,System:from Source to Trap,Tulsa:AAPG,1994.
[13]潘仁芳,龚琴,鄢杰,金吉能.页岩气藏“甜点”构成要素及富气特征分析--以四川盆地长宁地区龙马溪组为例[J].天然气工业,2016,36(3):7-13.Pan Renfang,Gong Qin,Yan Jie&Jin Jineng.Elements and gas enrichment laws of sweet spots in shale gas reservoir:Acase study of the Longmaxi Fm in Changning Block,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(3):7-13.
[14]邹才能,董大忠,王社教,李建忠,李新景,王玉满,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Shejiao,Li Jianzhong,Li Xinjing,Wang Yuman,et al.Geological characteristics,formation mechanism and resource potential of shale gas in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):641-653.
[15]张晓明,石万忠,徐清海,王任,徐壮,王健,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩气储层特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2015,08:926-939.Zhang Xiaoming,Shi Wanzhong,Xu Qinghai,Wang Ren,Xu Zhuang,Wang Jian,et al.Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of shale gas in Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,08:926-939.
[16]王阳,陈洁,胡琳,朱炎铭.沉积环境对页岩气储层的控制作用--以中下扬子区下寒武统筇竹寺组为例[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):845-850.Wang Yang,Chen Jie,Hu Lin&Zhu Yanming.Sedimentary environment control on shale gas reservoir:A case study of Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Middle Lower Yangtze area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(8):845-850.
[17]王亮,陈云燕,刘玉霞.川东南彭水地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(5):80-88.Wang Liang,Chen Yunyan&Liu Yuxia.Shale porous structural characteristics of Longmaxi Formation in Pengshui Area of Southeast Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(5):80-88.
[18]何建华,丁文龙,付景龙,李昂,代鹏.页岩微观孔隙成因类型研究[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(5):30-35.He Jianghua,Ding Wenlong,Fu Jinglong,Li Ang,Dai Peng.Study on genetic type of micropore in shale reservoir[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(5):30-35.
[19]陈元壮,刘洛夫,蔡勋育,王毅.华南地区晚古生代海相地层油气成藏条件[J].天然气工业,2007,27(10):20-23.Chen Yuanzhuang,Liu Luofu,Cai Xunyu&Wang Yi.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of Late Paleozoic marine strata in Southern China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(10):20-23.
[20]唐颖,邢云,李乐忠,张滨海,蒋时馨.页岩储层可压裂性影响因素及评价方法[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):356-363.Tang Ying,Xing Yun,Li Lezhong,Zhang Binhai&Jiang Shixin.Influence factors and evaluation methods of the gas shale fracability[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(5):356-363.
[21]闫建平,言语,司马立强,温丹妮,温新房,耿斌.泥页岩储层裂缝特征及其与“五性”之间的关系[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(3):87-93.Yan Jianping,Yan Yu,Si Ma Liqiang,Wen Danni,Wen Xinfang&Geng Bin.Relationship between fracture characteristics and"five-property"of shale reservoir[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(3):87-93.
[22]黄振凯,陈建平,薛海涛,王义军,王民,邓春萍.松辽盆地白垩系青山口组泥页岩孔隙结构特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):58-65.Huang Zhenkai,Chen Jianping,Xue Haitao,Wang Yijun,Wang Min&Deng Chunping.Microstructural characteristics of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation shale,Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration And Development,2013,40(1):58-65.