射流-旋流梯级内消能工临界水力条件初探
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摘要
为了获得射流-旋流内消能工这种新型梯级消能工稳定运行的临界水力条件,采用模型试验研究和理论分析相结合的方法,对射流-旋流梯级内消能工的压强特性进行研究。结果表明,当竖井内射流尾水洞洞顶的水深大于20%的尾水洞洞径时,可在消能工内形成稳定淹没射流与稳定水平旋转流的双稳运行流态。在淹没射流段和水平旋流段,壁面压强沿程呈现出分级分段变化特征,最大相对压强水头差分别为0.75和0.72。淹没射流孔口顶托压强随竖井水深增大而线性增大。起旋器孔口顶托压强与起旋器孔口水流弗劳德数,阻塞孔口水流弗劳德数,竖井水位与下游水位差有关,并随三者的增大均呈线性减小的趋势。以射流孔口水流弗劳德数和起旋器孔口顶托压强作为上下游水力条件,给出了梯级内消能工在双稳运行流态时需满足的临界水力条件。成果可为射流-旋流梯级内消能工的体型设计、优化与工程应用提供理论依据。
Scale model tests and theoretical analysis are used in this study to examine the pressure characteristics and critical hydraulic conditions of a new jet-rotary joint cascade inner energy disspator that combines a submerged jet with a horizontal rotary flow. The results show that when the submergence above the crown of the jet nozzle exit is no less than 20% of its diameter, a bi-stable flow regime is formed-a stable submerged jet and a stable horizontal rotary flow. In this case, the wall pressure features with obviously staged variations along the tunnel in the jet section and horizontal rotary flow section, with the maximum relative pressure drops of 0.75 and 0.72 across the two sections respectively. Pressure at the jet exit is increased linearly with the increasing water depth in the shaft. Relative pressure at the rotation generator exit depends on the Froude numbers at this exit and the rotation blocking contractor exit and also on the water level drop from the vertical shaft to the tunnel tail water; it is decreased linearly with an increase in any one of these three factors. We give the critical hydraulic conditions for the dissipator to operate in the bi-stable regime: the Froude number at the jet exit as an upstream condition, and the pressure at the rotation generator exit as a downstream condition. The results would help the design and optimization of jet-rotary joint cascade inner energy dissipators and their engineering application.
Scale model tests and theoretical analysis are used in this study to examine the pressure characteristics and critical hydraulic conditions of a new jet-rotary joint cascade inner energy disspator that combines a submerged jet with a horizontal rotary flow. The results show that when the submergence above the crown of the jet nozzle exit is no less than 20% of its diameter, a bi-stable flow regime is formed-a stable submerged jet and a stable horizontal rotary flow. In this case, the wall pressure features with obviously staged variations along the tunnel in the jet section and horizontal rotary flow section, with the maximum relative pressure drops of 0.75 and 0.72 across the two sections respectively. Pressure at the jet exit is increased linearly with the increasing water depth in the shaft. Relative pressure at the rotation generator exit depends on the Froude numbers at this exit and the rotation blocking contractor exit and also on the water level drop from the vertical shaft to the tunnel tail water; it is decreased linearly with an increase in any one of these three factors. We give the critical hydraulic conditions for the dissipator to operate in the bi-stable regime: the Froude number at the jet exit as an upstream condition, and the pressure at the rotation generator exit as a downstream condition. The results would help the design and optimization of jet-rotary joint cascade inner energy dissipators and their engineering application.
引文
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[11]南军虎,牛争鸣,张东,等.旋流消能工内空腔旋流的数值模拟[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2015,47(1):76-83.NAN Junhu,NIU Zhengming,ZHANG Dong,et al.Numerical simulation of cavity gyrating flow in gyrating discharge tunnel[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2015,47(1):76-83.(in Chinese)
[12]南军虎,马保泰,王煜搏,等.水平旋流消能工水力学研究方法适宜性[J].水科学进展,2018,29(3):390-397.NAN Junhu,MA Baotai,WANG Yubo,et al.Adaptability of hydraulic research methods to the horizontal gyrating discharge tunnel[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(3):390-397.(in Chinese)
[13]南军虎,牛争鸣,洪镝,等.公伯峡水平旋流泄洪洞水力特性研究[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(3):101-107.NAN Junhu,NIU Zhengming,HONG Di,et al.Study on hydraulic characteristics of horizontal spiral flow in the Gongboxia discharge tunnel[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(3):101-107.(in Chinese)
[14]葛晨,牛争鸣,李奇龙,等.泄洪洞内具有阻塞与扩散段的水平旋流消能方式水力特性的试验与数值模拟(2)[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(1):73-78.GE Chen,NIU Zhengming,LI Qilong,et al.Model tests and numerical simulations on hydraulic characteristics of level rotary flow in spillway tunnel with blocking and diffuser(II)[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(1):73-78.(in Chinese)
[15]李奇龙,牛争鸣,葛晨,等.泄洪洞内具有阻塞与扩散段的水平旋流消能方式水力特性的试验与数值模拟(1)[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(5):145-151.LI Qilong,NIU Zhengming,GE Chen,et al.Model tests and numerical simulation on hydraulic characteristics of level rotary flow in spillway tunnel with blocking and diffuser(I)[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(5):145-151.(in Chinese)
[16]孙静,牛争鸣,章晋雄.竖井进流水平旋转内消能泄水道流速分布的试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2003(2):233-240.SUN Jing,NIU Zhengming,ZHANG Jinxiong.Ecpermental study on volicity distribution of horizontal vortex and inner energy dissipating tunnel with inlet shaft[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics(Ser A),2003(2):233-240.(in Chinese)
[17]汪振,牛争鸣,李嘉,等.水平旋流内消能泄洪洞的壁面压强及脉动特性[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2008,40(1):32-37.WANG Zhen,NIU Zhengming,LI Jia,et al.The wall pressure and the pulsation characteristic of flood discharge tunnel with level swirling flow[J].Journal of SiChuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2008,40(1):32-37.(in Chinese)
[18]曹双利.大坡降水平旋流复合内消能泄洪洞的水力特性研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2013:31-35.CAO Shuangli.Study on the hydraulic characteristics of horizontal rotary flow compound internal energy dissipating spillway with heavy gradient[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Technology,2013:31-35.(in Chinese)
[19]安丰勇,付波,牛争鸣,等.阻塞对水平旋流泄洪洞水力特性的影响[J].西安理工大学学报,2008,24(2):210-214.AN Fengyong,FU Bo,NIU Zhengming,et al.The effect of bamge upon the hydraulic characteristics of the level rotary flow discharge tunnel[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Technology,2008,24(2):210-214.(in Chinese)
[20]牛争鸣,孙静,张宗孝,等.水平旋转内消能泄洪洞空腔环流内气体压强的变化规律[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2006,21(4):526-532.NIU Zhengming,SUN Jing,ZHANG Zongxiao,et al.Air pressure of level rotary flow in internal energy dissipation tunnel[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics(Ser A),2006,21(4):526-532.(in Chinese)
[21]牛争鸣,张宗孝,张壮志.水平旋流泄洪洞的基本流态与影响因素[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(4):1-5.NIU Zhengming,ZHANG Zongxiao,ZHANG Zhuangzhi.Basic flow pattern in horizontal rotary flow spillway tunnels and its influencing factors[J].Adbances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2007,27(4):1-5.(in Chinese)
[22]李奇龙,牛争鸣,王捷.基于准自由涡分布的阻塞旋流泄洪洞流场分析[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2014,46(5):49-57.LI Qilong,NIU Zhengming,WANG Jie.Analysis of rotary flow in spillway tunnel with blocking based on quasi-free-vortex rules[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2014,46(5):49-57.(in Chinese)
[2]CHEN H Y,XU W L,DENG J,et al.Theoretical and experimental studies of hydraulic characteristics of discharge tunnel with vortex drop[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.B,2010,22(4):582-589.
[3]高季章,董兴林,刘继广.生态环境友好的消能技术:内消能的研究与应用[J].水利学报,2008,39(10):1176-1182.GAO Jizhang,DONG Xinglin,LIU Jiguang.Research and application of eco-friendly energy dissipation technology-internal energy dissipation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(10):1176-1182.(in Chinese)
[4]董兴林,郭军,肖白云,等.高水头大泄量旋涡竖井式泄洪洞的设计研究[J].水利学报,2000,31(11):27-33.DONG Xinglin,GUO Jun,XIAO Baiyun,et al.Design principle of high head and large discharge vortex drop spillway[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000,31(11):27-33.(in Chinese)
[5]NIU Z M,ZHANG M Y.Basic hydrodynamics characteristics of cavity spiral flow in a large size level pipe[J].Journalof Hydrodynamics,Ser.B,2005,17(4):503-513.
[6]牛争鸣,洪镝,张浩博,等.公伯峡旋流泄洪洞的水力特性与原型观测[J].水力发电学报,2008,27(4):30-35.NIU Zhengming,HONG Di,ZHANG Haobo,et al.Hydraulic characteristics and archetypal observation of the rotary discharge tunnel of Gong-Boxia power station[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2008,27(4):30-35.(in Chinese)
[7]西北水利科学研究所实验中心.黄河公伯峡水电站枢纽右岸泄洪洞旋流消能减压模型补充试验报告[R].西安:西北水利科学研究所实验中心,2005.Northwest Water Science Research Institute Experimental Center.Supplementary test report of swirl energy dissipation and decompression model for the right bank spillway tunnel of the Gongboxia Hydropower Station on the Yellow River[R].Xi’an:Northwest Water Science Research Institute Experimental Center,2005.(in Chinese)
[8]董兴林,郭军,杨开林,等.高水头大流量泄洪洞内消能工研究进展[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2003(3):185-189.DONG Xinglin,GUO Jun,YANG Kailin,et al.Reserch and prospect of interior energy dissipaters in high head and large discharge tunnels[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2003(3):185-189.(in Chinese)
[9]牛争鸣,余聪,李奇龙,等.淹没射流与水平旋流梯级内消能工的水力特性[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(12):65-74.NIU Zhengming,YU Cong,LI Qilong,et al.Hydraulic characteristics of grade inner energy dissipator with submerged jet and horizontal swirling flow[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2018,37(12):65-74.(in Chinese)
[10]李贵信,周恒.公伯峡水电站导流洞改建为旋流泄洪洞方案研究[J].水力发电,2002(8):41-44.LI Guixin,ZHOU Heng.Study on the alternative of reconstructing the diversion tunnel into rotation-flow flood-releasing tunnel for the Gongboxia Hydropower Station[J].Water Power,2002(8):41-44.(in Chinese)
[11]南军虎,牛争鸣,张东,等.旋流消能工内空腔旋流的数值模拟[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2015,47(1):76-83.NAN Junhu,NIU Zhengming,ZHANG Dong,et al.Numerical simulation of cavity gyrating flow in gyrating discharge tunnel[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2015,47(1):76-83.(in Chinese)
[12]南军虎,马保泰,王煜搏,等.水平旋流消能工水力学研究方法适宜性[J].水科学进展,2018,29(3):390-397.NAN Junhu,MA Baotai,WANG Yubo,et al.Adaptability of hydraulic research methods to the horizontal gyrating discharge tunnel[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(3):390-397.(in Chinese)
[13]南军虎,牛争鸣,洪镝,等.公伯峡水平旋流泄洪洞水力特性研究[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(3):101-107.NAN Junhu,NIU Zhengming,HONG Di,et al.Study on hydraulic characteristics of horizontal spiral flow in the Gongboxia discharge tunnel[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(3):101-107.(in Chinese)
[14]葛晨,牛争鸣,李奇龙,等.泄洪洞内具有阻塞与扩散段的水平旋流消能方式水力特性的试验与数值模拟(2)[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(1):73-78.GE Chen,NIU Zhengming,LI Qilong,et al.Model tests and numerical simulations on hydraulic characteristics of level rotary flow in spillway tunnel with blocking and diffuser(II)[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(1):73-78.(in Chinese)
[15]李奇龙,牛争鸣,葛晨,等.泄洪洞内具有阻塞与扩散段的水平旋流消能方式水力特性的试验与数值模拟(1)[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(5):145-151.LI Qilong,NIU Zhengming,GE Chen,et al.Model tests and numerical simulation on hydraulic characteristics of level rotary flow in spillway tunnel with blocking and diffuser(I)[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(5):145-151.(in Chinese)
[16]孙静,牛争鸣,章晋雄.竖井进流水平旋转内消能泄水道流速分布的试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2003(2):233-240.SUN Jing,NIU Zhengming,ZHANG Jinxiong.Ecpermental study on volicity distribution of horizontal vortex and inner energy dissipating tunnel with inlet shaft[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics(Ser A),2003(2):233-240.(in Chinese)
[17]汪振,牛争鸣,李嘉,等.水平旋流内消能泄洪洞的壁面压强及脉动特性[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2008,40(1):32-37.WANG Zhen,NIU Zhengming,LI Jia,et al.The wall pressure and the pulsation characteristic of flood discharge tunnel with level swirling flow[J].Journal of SiChuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2008,40(1):32-37.(in Chinese)
[18]曹双利.大坡降水平旋流复合内消能泄洪洞的水力特性研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2013:31-35.CAO Shuangli.Study on the hydraulic characteristics of horizontal rotary flow compound internal energy dissipating spillway with heavy gradient[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Technology,2013:31-35.(in Chinese)
[19]安丰勇,付波,牛争鸣,等.阻塞对水平旋流泄洪洞水力特性的影响[J].西安理工大学学报,2008,24(2):210-214.AN Fengyong,FU Bo,NIU Zhengming,et al.The effect of bamge upon the hydraulic characteristics of the level rotary flow discharge tunnel[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Technology,2008,24(2):210-214.(in Chinese)
[20]牛争鸣,孙静,张宗孝,等.水平旋转内消能泄洪洞空腔环流内气体压强的变化规律[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2006,21(4):526-532.NIU Zhengming,SUN Jing,ZHANG Zongxiao,et al.Air pressure of level rotary flow in internal energy dissipation tunnel[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics(Ser A),2006,21(4):526-532.(in Chinese)
[21]牛争鸣,张宗孝,张壮志.水平旋流泄洪洞的基本流态与影响因素[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(4):1-5.NIU Zhengming,ZHANG Zongxiao,ZHANG Zhuangzhi.Basic flow pattern in horizontal rotary flow spillway tunnels and its influencing factors[J].Adbances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2007,27(4):1-5.(in Chinese)
[22]李奇龙,牛争鸣,王捷.基于准自由涡分布的阻塞旋流泄洪洞流场分析[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2014,46(5):49-57.LI Qilong,NIU Zhengming,WANG Jie.Analysis of rotary flow in spillway tunnel with blocking based on quasi-free-vortex rules[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2014,46(5):49-57.(in Chinese)