基于小型蒸渗仪试验的潜在蒸散发估算方法评价
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摘要
为了更直接地揭示潜在蒸散发估算方法与实际潜在蒸散发的差异,基于淮北平原五道沟水文水资源实验站2014年8月1日至2015年8月31日的水文气象观测资料,计算Penman系列方法、P-T法、H-S法、FAO24Radiation法及Turc法7种蒸散发估算方法的估算结果,对比相应时间蒸渗仪试验实测潜在蒸散量,评价各模型在该地区的适用性。结果表明,Penman系列估算方法是估算五道沟地区潜在蒸散发最佳的方法,但7种方法均存在较大误差。FAO56P-M方法估算结果与实测值有相对最好的线性关系,但存在10%的低估倾向,同时夏季(6～8月)绝对误差较春秋季有所增加。Turc法及P-T法更适用于缺资料地区长周期潜在蒸散发估算,H-S法及FAO24Radiation法相对不适用于五道沟地区。
Based on a lysimeter evapotranspiration experiment in Wudaogou hydrology and water resources experimental station,the observation potential evapotranspiration(ET0)from August 1,2014 to August 31,2015 was used to evaluate 7 ET0 calculation methods.These methods includes three kind of Penman methods(1948 Penman,FAO24 Penman,FAO56 Penman-Montieth),Priestley-Taylor,Hargreaves-Samani,FAO24 Radiation and Turc.The results indicate that Penman series methods performed best while there are big errors in all of the 7 estimation results.There is an optimal linear relationship between the observed potential evapotranspiration and the result estimated by FAO56 P-M method with 10% undervaluation.Meanwhile,FAO56 P-M method is more sensitive to meteorological condition in summer and winter.Turc method and P-T method are effective for long-term estimating with air temperature and radiation only.H-S method and FAO24 Radiation method are not suitable for Wudaogou area.
Based on a lysimeter evapotranspiration experiment in Wudaogou hydrology and water resources experimental station,the observation potential evapotranspiration(ET0)from August 1,2014 to August 31,2015 was used to evaluate 7 ET0 calculation methods.These methods includes three kind of Penman methods(1948 Penman,FAO24 Penman,FAO56 Penman-Montieth),Priestley-Taylor,Hargreaves-Samani,FAO24 Radiation and Turc.The results indicate that Penman series methods performed best while there are big errors in all of the 7 estimation results.There is an optimal linear relationship between the observed potential evapotranspiration and the result estimated by FAO56 P-M method with 10% undervaluation.Meanwhile,FAO56 P-M method is more sensitive to meteorological condition in summer and winter.Turc method and P-T method are effective for long-term estimating with air temperature and radiation only.H-S method and FAO24 Radiation method are not suitable for Wudaogou area.
引文
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[2] SL13-2015,灌溉试验规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015.
[3] 李天生,夏军,匡洋,等.不同潜在蒸散发估算方法在汉江流域中上游地区的适用性研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(6):1-10.
[4] 徐俊增,彭世彰,丁加丽,等.基于蒸渗仪实测数据的日参考作物蒸发腾发量计算方法评价[J].水利学报,2010,41(12):1 497-1 505.
[5] Doorenbos J,Pruitt W O.Guidelines for PredictingCrop Water Requirements[M].Irrigation and DrainagePaper No.24,FAO-ONU,Rome,Italy:1977.
[6] Allen R G,Pereira L S,Raes D,et al.Cropevapor-transpiration:Guidelines for Computing Crop WaterRequirements[M].FAO Irrigation and Drainage,Paper No.56.Rame:Fod and Agriculture Organzia-tion of United Nations,1998.
[7] George H.Hargreaves,Richard G Allen.History andEvaluation of Hargreaves Evapotranspiration Equation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2003,129(1):53-63.
[8] Irmak S,Allen R G,Whitty E B.Daily Grass andAlfalfa-Reference Evapotranspiration Estimates andAlfalfa-to-Grass Evapotranspiration Ratios in Flori-da[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineer-ing,2003,129(5):360-370.