互联网使用、就业决策与就业质量——基于CGSS数据的经验证据
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摘要
基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,本文利用多元Probit模型检验了互联网使用对个体就业决策及就业质量的影响效果。研究表明,使用互联网提高了个体标准就业和机会型创业的概率;将互联网作为主要信息渠道,有助于促进标准就业和机会型创业;闲暇时利用网络进行社交、学习及娱乐等活动,对就业决策的影响存在异质性。从就业质量的维度来看,使用互联网能够提高各类型就业的收入水平,并且对于标准就业和生存型创业而言,使用互联网可以减少工作时间,提高工作自主性。
Based on the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data,this paper uses multivariate Probit model to test the impact of internet use on individual employment decision,and discusses its impact on employment quality under different employment types.The results show as follows:Using the Internet can significantly promote the probability of individual engaged in standard-employment and opportunity-entrepreneurship.Using the internet as a major information access channel can promote the possibility of standard-employment and opportunity-entrepreneurship.Using the internet in leisure time for social networking,learning,entertainment or other different activities will have different impact on individual employment decision.For the various dimensions of employment quality,the internet use can significantly improve the income of different employment types,and for standard-employment and survival-entrepreneurs.the internet use can reduce their working time and improve their work autonomy.
Based on the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data,this paper uses multivariate Probit model to test the impact of internet use on individual employment decision,and discusses its impact on employment quality under different employment types.The results show as follows:Using the Internet can significantly promote the probability of individual engaged in standard-employment and opportunity-entrepreneurship.Using the internet as a major information access channel can promote the possibility of standard-employment and opportunity-entrepreneurship.Using the internet in leisure time for social networking,learning,entertainment or other different activities will have different impact on individual employment decision.For the various dimensions of employment quality,the internet use can significantly improve the income of different employment types,and for standard-employment and survival-entrepreneurs.the internet use can reduce their working time and improve their work autonomy.
引文
胡贝贝、王胜光、任静静,2015:《互联网时代创业活动的新特点---基于创客创业活动的探索性研究》,《科技创业月刊》第10期。
赖德胜、苏丽锋、孟大虎、李长安,2011:《中国各地区就业质量测算与评价》,《经济理论与经济管理》第11期。
李雪莲、马双、邓翔,2015:《公务员家庭、创业与寻租动机》,《经济研究》第5期。
李芸,2017:《适应与超越:“互联网+”时代的工会改革》,《南京社会科学》第9期。
毛宇飞、曾湘泉,2017:《互联网使用是否促进了女性就业---基于CGSS数据的经验分析》,《经济学动态》第6期。
宁光杰,2012:《自我雇佣还是成为工资获得者?---中国农村外出劳动力的就业选择和收入差异》,《管理世界》第7期。
石丹淅、赖德胜,2013:《自我雇佣问题研究进展》,《经济学动态》第10期。
史晋川、王维维,2017:《互联网使用对创业行为的影响---基于微观数据的实证研究》,《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》第4期。
王春超,2009:《中国农户就业决策行为的发生机制---基于农户家庭调查的理论与实证》,《管理世界》第7期。
王春超、吴佩勋,2011:《产业结构调整背景下农民工流动就业决策行为的双重决定---珠江三角洲地区农民工流动就业调查研究》,《经济社会体制比较》第5期。
王军超,2017:《“互联网+”背景下大学毕业生实现高质量就业的探索》,《创新与创业教育》第1期。
王重鸣、吴挺,2016:《互联网情境下的创业研究》,《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》第1期。
杨蕙馨、李春梅,2013:《中国信息产业技术进步对劳动力就业及工资差距的影响》,《中国工业经济》第1期。
周广肃,2017:《最低工资制度影响了家庭创业行为吗?---来自中国家庭追踪调查的证据》,《经济科学》第3期。
Autor,D.H.,F.Levy,and R.J.Murnane,2003,"The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change:An Empirical Exploration",Quarterly Journal of Economics,118(4):1279-1333.
Bauernschuster,S.,O.Falck,and L.Woessmann,2014,"Surfing Alone?The Internet and Social Capital:Evidence from an Unforeseeable Technological Mistake",Journal of Public Economics,117(1):73-89.
Bloom,N.,J.Liang,J.Roberts,and Z.J.Ying,2015,"Does Working from Home Work?Evidence from a Chinese Experiment",Quarterly Journal of Economics,130(1):165-218.
Dettling,L.J.,2017,"Broadband in the Labor Market:The Impact of Residential High Speed Internet on Married Women's Labor Force Participation",Industrial&Labor Relations Review,70(3):451-482.
Fiess,N.M.,M.Fugazza,and W.F.Maloney,2010,"Informal Self-employment and Macroeconomic Fluctuations",Journal of Development Economics,91(2):211-226.
Holman,D.,2013,"Job Types and Job Quality in Europe",Human Relations,66(4):475-502.
Krueger,A.B.,1993,"How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure:Evidence from Microdata,1984-1989",Quarterly Journal of Economics,108(1):33-60.
Kuhn,P.,and H.Mansour,2014,"Is Internet Job Search Still Ineffective?",Economic Journal,124(581):1213-1233.
Mcgovern,P.G.,D.Smeaton,and S.Hill,2015,"Bad Jobs in Britain:Non-standard Employment and Job Quality",Work&Occupations,31(2):225-249.
Pabilonia,S.W.,2005,"Returning to the Returns to Computer Use",American Economic Review,95(2):314-317.
Rubery,J.,and D.Grimshaw,2001,"ICTs and Employment:The Problem of Job Quality",International Labour Review,140(2):165-192.
Weinberg,B.A.,2000,"Computer Use and the Demand for Female Workers",Industrial&Labor Relations Review,53(2):290-308.
Zhang,H.,2010,"The Hukou System's Constraints on Migrant Workers'Job Mobility in Chinese Cities",China Economic Review,21(1):51-64.
赖德胜、苏丽锋、孟大虎、李长安,2011:《中国各地区就业质量测算与评价》,《经济理论与经济管理》第11期。
李雪莲、马双、邓翔,2015:《公务员家庭、创业与寻租动机》,《经济研究》第5期。
李芸,2017:《适应与超越:“互联网+”时代的工会改革》,《南京社会科学》第9期。
毛宇飞、曾湘泉,2017:《互联网使用是否促进了女性就业---基于CGSS数据的经验分析》,《经济学动态》第6期。
宁光杰,2012:《自我雇佣还是成为工资获得者?---中国农村外出劳动力的就业选择和收入差异》,《管理世界》第7期。
石丹淅、赖德胜,2013:《自我雇佣问题研究进展》,《经济学动态》第10期。
史晋川、王维维,2017:《互联网使用对创业行为的影响---基于微观数据的实证研究》,《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》第4期。
王春超,2009:《中国农户就业决策行为的发生机制---基于农户家庭调查的理论与实证》,《管理世界》第7期。
王春超、吴佩勋,2011:《产业结构调整背景下农民工流动就业决策行为的双重决定---珠江三角洲地区农民工流动就业调查研究》,《经济社会体制比较》第5期。
王军超,2017:《“互联网+”背景下大学毕业生实现高质量就业的探索》,《创新与创业教育》第1期。
王重鸣、吴挺,2016:《互联网情境下的创业研究》,《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》第1期。
杨蕙馨、李春梅,2013:《中国信息产业技术进步对劳动力就业及工资差距的影响》,《中国工业经济》第1期。
周广肃,2017:《最低工资制度影响了家庭创业行为吗?---来自中国家庭追踪调查的证据》,《经济科学》第3期。
Autor,D.H.,F.Levy,and R.J.Murnane,2003,"The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change:An Empirical Exploration",Quarterly Journal of Economics,118(4):1279-1333.
Bauernschuster,S.,O.Falck,and L.Woessmann,2014,"Surfing Alone?The Internet and Social Capital:Evidence from an Unforeseeable Technological Mistake",Journal of Public Economics,117(1):73-89.
Bloom,N.,J.Liang,J.Roberts,and Z.J.Ying,2015,"Does Working from Home Work?Evidence from a Chinese Experiment",Quarterly Journal of Economics,130(1):165-218.
Dettling,L.J.,2017,"Broadband in the Labor Market:The Impact of Residential High Speed Internet on Married Women's Labor Force Participation",Industrial&Labor Relations Review,70(3):451-482.
Fiess,N.M.,M.Fugazza,and W.F.Maloney,2010,"Informal Self-employment and Macroeconomic Fluctuations",Journal of Development Economics,91(2):211-226.
Holman,D.,2013,"Job Types and Job Quality in Europe",Human Relations,66(4):475-502.
Krueger,A.B.,1993,"How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure:Evidence from Microdata,1984-1989",Quarterly Journal of Economics,108(1):33-60.
Kuhn,P.,and H.Mansour,2014,"Is Internet Job Search Still Ineffective?",Economic Journal,124(581):1213-1233.
Mcgovern,P.G.,D.Smeaton,and S.Hill,2015,"Bad Jobs in Britain:Non-standard Employment and Job Quality",Work&Occupations,31(2):225-249.
Pabilonia,S.W.,2005,"Returning to the Returns to Computer Use",American Economic Review,95(2):314-317.
Rubery,J.,and D.Grimshaw,2001,"ICTs and Employment:The Problem of Job Quality",International Labour Review,140(2):165-192.
Weinberg,B.A.,2000,"Computer Use and the Demand for Female Workers",Industrial&Labor Relations Review,53(2):290-308.
Zhang,H.,2010,"The Hukou System's Constraints on Migrant Workers'Job Mobility in Chinese Cities",China Economic Review,21(1):51-64.