南海深水盆地改善中深层地震成像关键技术研究
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摘要
南海深水区某盆地受复杂地质条件与崎岖海底等因素的影响,地震资料信噪比低,中深层成像差.经多次重处理后,盆地内大部分地区基底成像依旧不理想,严重制约了该区勘探研究工作的深入.有效恢复地震反射信号的能量和频率信息,提高叠前资料的信噪比是改善中深层成像的基础.针对该盆地中深层成像问题,研究了两项新技术:(1)基于自动寻优的鬼波压制技术;(2)基于高速倾角预测的seislet变换去噪技术——恢复了中深层低频信息,有效提高了中深层信噪比.实际地震资料应用效果表明:在目前常规深水资料处理流程中加入两项针对性的新技术后,该盆地地震资料中深层的成像质量得到了显著改善,特别是基底成像更加清晰、连续,为盆地区域研究与目标评价工作提供了可靠保障.
A basin in deep-water areas of South China Sea is a great exploration potential area. The complex geological structure and rough seafloor lead to low signal-to-noise ratio, weak reflection energy of effective wave and poor seismic imaging of mid-deep layers in result sections. Although the quality of seismic data is certainly improved after many reprocessing, further exploration research is still restricted by unclear imaging of the basement structure of the basin. As we know, the crux of improving the quality of mid-deep layer structure imaging is how to recover energy and frequency of effective wave, raise signal-to-noise ratio of gathers. So, in this paper, angling at the main problem of unclear structure imaging of mid-deep layers in the area, we chiefly develop two key techniques, including automatic optimizing de-ghost technique, and seislet transform de-noising technique based on dip prediction which recover the low frequency signal and increase effectively signal to noise ratio of mid-deep layers. Through integrated application of these two techniques basing on conventional processing flow of deepwater seismic data, mid-deep layer structure imaging in the final result section is improved significantly, which boosts the exploration research of the basin indeed.
A basin in deep-water areas of South China Sea is a great exploration potential area. The complex geological structure and rough seafloor lead to low signal-to-noise ratio, weak reflection energy of effective wave and poor seismic imaging of mid-deep layers in result sections. Although the quality of seismic data is certainly improved after many reprocessing, further exploration research is still restricted by unclear imaging of the basement structure of the basin. As we know, the crux of improving the quality of mid-deep layer structure imaging is how to recover energy and frequency of effective wave, raise signal-to-noise ratio of gathers. So, in this paper, angling at the main problem of unclear structure imaging of mid-deep layers in the area, we chiefly develop two key techniques, including automatic optimizing de-ghost technique, and seislet transform de-noising technique based on dip prediction which recover the low frequency signal and increase effectively signal to noise ratio of mid-deep layers. Through integrated application of these two techniques basing on conventional processing flow of deepwater seismic data, mid-deep layer structure imaging in the final result section is improved significantly, which boosts the exploration research of the basin indeed.
引文
Cui Z F. 2014. Research on threshold denoising method based on new Seislet transform in the condition of low SNR [Master’s thesis]. Changchun: Jilin University.
Deng Z Y, Zhang Z Z, Liao X F, et al. 2015. Challenges and resolution on seismic processing of rugged bathy area—an instance of 2D seismic reprocessing on L basin, South China Sea [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 30(3): 1410-1417, doi: 10.6038/pg20150355.
Gong X D, Chen J Z, Zhuang Z Y, et al. 2010. Key technologies in deep water seismic data processing [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics (in Chinese), 33(5): 336-341, 358.
Liu C, Cui F Z, Liu Y, et al. 2015. Threshold denoising method based on new Seislet transform in the condition of low SNR [J]. Journal of Jilin University: Earth Science Edition (in Chinese), 45(1): 293-301.
Peng H L. 2013. Research on the mechanism of ghost and deghosting method for marine seismic Data [Master’s thesis]. Qingdao:China University of Petroleum (EastChina).
Shen J B. 2012. The study of Seislet transform and its application in seismic data processing [Master’s thesis]. Qingdao:China University of Petroleum (EastChina).
Wang X J, Chen B S, Liu J R. 2010. The analysis and consideration on the difficult problem of the deepwater seismic data processing [C]// Chinese Geophysical Society. The symposium of 26th annals of CGS. Earthquake Publishing House, 469- 470.
Wang X J, Chen B S, Zhang J M, et al. 2014. A technique to stack multi-focusing CRB imaged in medium-deep intervals and its application [J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas (in Chinese), 26(1): 44- 48.
Xie Y H, Li L, Yuan Q S. 2012. Broadband marine seismic exploration in Qiongdongnan Basin deepwater areas [J]. Oli Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 47(3): 430- 435.
Zhang X C. 2009. Removal of prestack linear noise by seislet transform [Master’s thesis]. Chendu: Chendu University of Technology.
崔芳姿. 2014. 低信噪比条件下基于新型Seislet变换的阈值去噪方法研究[硕士论文]. 长春:吉林大学.
邓志勇, 张治忠, 廖显峰, 等. 2015. 深水崎岖海底地震资料问题及处理对策—以南海L盆地二维地震重处理为例[J]. 地球物理学进展, 30(3): 1410-1417, doi: 10.6038/pg20150355.
龚旭东, 陈继宗, 庄祖银, 等. 2010. 深水地震资料处理关键技术浅析[J]. 勘探地球物理进展, 33(5): 336-341, 358.
刘财, 崔芳姿, 刘洋. 2015. 基于低信噪比条件下新型Seislet变换的阈值去噪方法[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 45(1): 293-301.
彭海龙. 2013. 海上地震资料鬼波机理与消除方法研究[硕士论文]. 青岛:中国石油大学(华东).
申建波. 2012. Seislet变换及其在地震处理中的应用[硕士论文]. 青岛:中国石油石油大学(华东).
汪小将, 陈宝书, 刘军荣. 2010. 深水地震资料处理难点分析及思考[C]//中国地球物理学会. 第二十六届年会论文集. 地震出版社, 469- 470.
汪小将, 陈宝书, 张金淼, 等. 2014. 中深层成像多次聚焦共反射面元叠加技术研究及应用[J]. 中国海上油气, 26(1): 44- 48.
谢玉洪, 李列, 袁全社. 2012. 海上宽频地震勘探技术在琼东南盆地深水区的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 47(3): 430- 435.
张新超. 2009. Seislet变换去除叠前线性干扰[硕士论文]. 成都:成都理工大学.
Deng Z Y, Zhang Z Z, Liao X F, et al. 2015. Challenges and resolution on seismic processing of rugged bathy area—an instance of 2D seismic reprocessing on L basin, South China Sea [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 30(3): 1410-1417, doi: 10.6038/pg20150355.
Gong X D, Chen J Z, Zhuang Z Y, et al. 2010. Key technologies in deep water seismic data processing [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics (in Chinese), 33(5): 336-341, 358.
Liu C, Cui F Z, Liu Y, et al. 2015. Threshold denoising method based on new Seislet transform in the condition of low SNR [J]. Journal of Jilin University: Earth Science Edition (in Chinese), 45(1): 293-301.
Peng H L. 2013. Research on the mechanism of ghost and deghosting method for marine seismic Data [Master’s thesis]. Qingdao:China University of Petroleum (EastChina).
Shen J B. 2012. The study of Seislet transform and its application in seismic data processing [Master’s thesis]. Qingdao:China University of Petroleum (EastChina).
Wang X J, Chen B S, Liu J R. 2010. The analysis and consideration on the difficult problem of the deepwater seismic data processing [C]// Chinese Geophysical Society. The symposium of 26th annals of CGS. Earthquake Publishing House, 469- 470.
Wang X J, Chen B S, Zhang J M, et al. 2014. A technique to stack multi-focusing CRB imaged in medium-deep intervals and its application [J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas (in Chinese), 26(1): 44- 48.
Xie Y H, Li L, Yuan Q S. 2012. Broadband marine seismic exploration in Qiongdongnan Basin deepwater areas [J]. Oli Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 47(3): 430- 435.
Zhang X C. 2009. Removal of prestack linear noise by seislet transform [Master’s thesis]. Chendu: Chendu University of Technology.
崔芳姿. 2014. 低信噪比条件下基于新型Seislet变换的阈值去噪方法研究[硕士论文]. 长春:吉林大学.
邓志勇, 张治忠, 廖显峰, 等. 2015. 深水崎岖海底地震资料问题及处理对策—以南海L盆地二维地震重处理为例[J]. 地球物理学进展, 30(3): 1410-1417, doi: 10.6038/pg20150355.
龚旭东, 陈继宗, 庄祖银, 等. 2010. 深水地震资料处理关键技术浅析[J]. 勘探地球物理进展, 33(5): 336-341, 358.
刘财, 崔芳姿, 刘洋. 2015. 基于低信噪比条件下新型Seislet变换的阈值去噪方法[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 45(1): 293-301.
彭海龙. 2013. 海上地震资料鬼波机理与消除方法研究[硕士论文]. 青岛:中国石油大学(华东).
申建波. 2012. Seislet变换及其在地震处理中的应用[硕士论文]. 青岛:中国石油石油大学(华东).
汪小将, 陈宝书, 刘军荣. 2010. 深水地震资料处理难点分析及思考[C]//中国地球物理学会. 第二十六届年会论文集. 地震出版社, 469- 470.
汪小将, 陈宝书, 张金淼, 等. 2014. 中深层成像多次聚焦共反射面元叠加技术研究及应用[J]. 中国海上油气, 26(1): 44- 48.
谢玉洪, 李列, 袁全社. 2012. 海上宽频地震勘探技术在琼东南盆地深水区的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 47(3): 430- 435.
张新超. 2009. Seislet变换去除叠前线性干扰[硕士论文]. 成都:成都理工大学.
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