基于克希霍夫积分的3D保幅多次波衰减方法在浅海资料中的应用
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摘要
海底电缆OBC由于其采集方式的特殊性,能够在浅水环境下获得高品质的地震资料,相对拖缆采集能获取更多的地下有效信息。然而由于不同于拖缆的观测方式,加上海底崎岖不平产生的变周期多次波干扰,使得获得理想的成像剖面成为一大难题。因此,在保护地层有效反射的情况下尽可能地压制多次波成为首要任务。相对于其他多次波压制方法,基于水层建模理论的MWD方法能够更好地应用于OBC数据进行多次波压制。但是常规MWD方法仅考虑波场在水层中的传播时间和集合扩散特征,因此不能精确地预测多次波振幅。为解决该问题,本次研究在常规MWD方法的基础上,采用基于Krichhoff积分法对多次波贡献道集进行角度约束后叠加,有效解决了常规MWD方法预测多次波模型存在振幅误差的问题,使预测模型结果与实际多次波较为匹配,为后续的保幅去多次波提供了基础。理论模型和实际数据测试表明,该方法能取得较好的去多次波效果。
Different from the surface observation method,the OBC shots and receivers are deployed under the surface and on the sea-bottom,respectively.This method can provide more information in shallow water and obstacle area than other existing methods.Hence,it is more efficient than traditional seismic towed cable in such areas.However,the influence of sea surface and sea floor lowers the quality of data,especially in the rough sea floor zone.This is much more serious,as it is the main obstacle for obtaining the high-quality seismic profile.To solve this problem,This paper employs the methods that suppress multiples as the main task in processing workflow based on the Krichhoff method.Compared with other de-multiple method,the MWD method(model-based water-layer de-multiple)can receive a better de-multiple result.However,conventional MWD method just considers the kinematic characteristics,and cannot rebuild the accurate model of multiple.Based on conventional MWD method,this paper presents the method with constrained reflection angle,which can predict multiple with the extremely similar amplitude,and solve the problem of amplitude error between multiples in recording and model.After the modeling and re-al data verification,the ideal result was received.
Different from the surface observation method,the OBC shots and receivers are deployed under the surface and on the sea-bottom,respectively.This method can provide more information in shallow water and obstacle area than other existing methods.Hence,it is more efficient than traditional seismic towed cable in such areas.However,the influence of sea surface and sea floor lowers the quality of data,especially in the rough sea floor zone.This is much more serious,as it is the main obstacle for obtaining the high-quality seismic profile.To solve this problem,This paper employs the methods that suppress multiples as the main task in processing workflow based on the Krichhoff method.Compared with other de-multiple method,the MWD method(model-based water-layer de-multiple)can receive a better de-multiple result.However,conventional MWD method just considers the kinematic characteristics,and cannot rebuild the accurate model of multiple.Based on conventional MWD method,this paper presents the method with constrained reflection angle,which can predict multiple with the extremely similar amplitude,and solve the problem of amplitude error between multiples in recording and model.After the modeling and re-al data verification,the ideal result was received.
引文
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[23]宋建国,姜梦奇,杨宇.基于克希霍夫衍射理论的水层多次波预测方法[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(5):2133-2138.
[24]彭海龙,任婷,赫建伟,等.基于水层建模理论的浅水多次波消压制方法研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(4):1646-1654.
[25]方云峰,柯本喜,李鹏,等.优化多次波贡献道集求和孔径压制三维表面多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(5):848-853.
[26]欧阳敏,王大为,杨文博,等.多次波贡献道集优化在波场延拓压制多次波中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(5):256-262.
[27]Benxi K,Peng L,Yunfeng F,et al.An approach to optimize the multiple contribution gather aperture[C]∥SEG technical program expanded abstracts.[S.l.]:SEG,2012,31:1-5.
[2]徐强,王征,史增园,等.浅水多次波衰减[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(2):238-242.
[3]施剑,刘江平,陈刚,等.陆架浅水区自由表面多次波压制方法[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(2):902-910.
[4]王守君.海底电缆地震技术优势及在中国近海的应用效果[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(2):9-13.
[5]朱江梅,方中于,张兴岩,等.OBC与拖缆数据的子波域匹配滤波方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(1):280-286.
[6] Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Estimation of multiple scattering by interative inversion.Part I:Theoretical considerations[J].Geophysics,62(5):1586-1595.
[7]肖二莲,陈瑜,万欢,等.SRME多次波衰减方法在海洋地震资料中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):1057-1064.
[8]田继强,胡天跃.反馈迭代法在自由表面多次波压制中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):449-454.
[9]王成礼,宋玉龙,牟凤明,等.两步法预测反褶积在压制变周期鸣震中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(1):28-31.
[10]张军华,吕宁,雷凌,等.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):398-405.
[11]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭.高分辨率Radon变换方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):8-15.
[12]赵昌垒,叶月明,姚根顺,等.线性拉东域预测反褶积在海洋多次波去除中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):1026-1032.
[13]王保丽,Sacchi M D,印兴耀,等.基于保幅拉东变换的多次波衰减[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(6):1924-1933.
[14]陈浩林,张保庆,倪成洲,等.水深对OBC地震资料的影响分析与对策[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):18-24.
[15]张兴岩,潘冬明,史文英,等.浅水区海底电缆地震数据水层多次波压制技术及应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(6):816-824.
[16]全海燕,韩立强.海底电缆双检接收技术压制水柱混响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):7-12.
[17]王振华,夏庆龙,田立新,等.消除海底电缆双检地震资料中的鸣震干扰[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):626-635.
[18]贺兆全,张保庆,刘原英,等.双检理论研究及合成处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):522-528.
[19]陆文凯,骆毅,赵波,等.基于独立分量分析的多次波自适应相减技术[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):886-891.
[20]Guitton A.Multiple attenuation with multi-dimensional prediction-error filter[C]∥73th annual international meeting.SEG expanded abstracts.[S.l.]:SEG,2003:57-74.
[21]Wang P,Jin H Z,Xu S,et al.Model-based water-layer demultiple[C]∥81st annual international meeting,SEG expanded abstracts.[S.l.]:SEG,2011:3551-3555.
[22]Sun W Q,Wang H Z.Model-based water-layer-related demultiple with sparse constraints[C]∥84th SEG annual international meeting.expanded abstracts.[S.l.]:SEG,2014:1152-4156.
[23]宋建国,姜梦奇,杨宇.基于克希霍夫衍射理论的水层多次波预测方法[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(5):2133-2138.
[24]彭海龙,任婷,赫建伟,等.基于水层建模理论的浅水多次波消压制方法研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(4):1646-1654.
[25]方云峰,柯本喜,李鹏,等.优化多次波贡献道集求和孔径压制三维表面多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(5):848-853.
[26]欧阳敏,王大为,杨文博,等.多次波贡献道集优化在波场延拓压制多次波中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(5):256-262.
[27]Benxi K,Peng L,Yunfeng F,et al.An approach to optimize the multiple contribution gather aperture[C]∥SEG technical program expanded abstracts.[S.l.]:SEG,2012,31:1-5.
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