海洋钻井钻柱升沉补偿系统分析
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摘要
随着海洋资源勘探开发由浅海到深海逐渐增多,深水钻井面临的难题也不同于陆地与浅水,如何在随着波浪起伏的钻井平台上保持钻压稳定,钻柱升沉补偿系统应运而生。钻柱升沉补偿系统应用于浮式钻井平台或钻井船,在船受风浪影响起伏颠簸时可以使钻柱保持相对静止,使钻头与孔底保持持续接触,钻压保持基本恒定,起到保护钻具,提高钻进效率的作用。本文介绍了升沉补偿系统的发展阶段和常用升沉补偿系统结构及优缺点,通过示意图说明了主动补偿系统、被动补偿系统和主被动一体式补偿系统的工作原理。同时通过实例与数据说明升沉补偿系统在提高钻速和岩心采收率方面的积极作用。
With the exploration of deep-sea resources increasing gradually,drilling is facing new difficulties.The drill string compensation system is applied to stabilize the floating drilling platform or drilling ship.The system can keep the drill string in a relative static position and protect it from jolting caused by wind and waves,thus allowing the drill bit in constant contact with the hole-bottom,and the bit pressure basically constant.It plays a role in protecting drilling tools and improving drilling efficiency.This paper introduces the advances of the compensation systems,as well as the structure,principle,advantages and disadvantages of various systems.Field cases and data are presented to demonstrate the benefits of the compensation system in improving drilling rates and core recovery.
With the exploration of deep-sea resources increasing gradually,drilling is facing new difficulties.The drill string compensation system is applied to stabilize the floating drilling platform or drilling ship.The system can keep the drill string in a relative static position and protect it from jolting caused by wind and waves,thus allowing the drill bit in constant contact with the hole-bottom,and the bit pressure basically constant.It plays a role in protecting drilling tools and improving drilling efficiency.This paper introduces the advances of the compensation systems,as well as the structure,principle,advantages and disadvantages of various systems.Field cases and data are presented to demonstrate the benefits of the compensation system in improving drilling rates and core recovery.
引文
[1]康健伟.海洋平台钻杆的升沉补偿装置原理与装备研究[D].陕西西安:西安石油大学,2015.KANG Jianwei.Principle and research of heave compensation system for drill string on platform[D].Xi’an Shaanxi:Xi’an Shiyou University,2015.
[2]贾俊梁,闫文辉,王维旭,等.主被动结合型钻柱升沉补偿装置[J].石油矿场机械,2015,44(1):52-55.JIA Junliang,YAN Wenhui,WANG Weixu,et al.Active and passive combination drill string heave compensation device[J].Oil Field Equipment,2015,44(1):52-55.
[3]刘清友,徐涛.深海钻井升沉补偿装置国内现状及发展思路[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(3):1-8.LIU Qingyou,XU Tao.Domestic status and thoughts on the development ideas of deepwater drilling heave compensation system[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2014,36(3):1-8.
[4]王世圣,谢彬,曾恒一,等.3000米深水半潜式钻井平台运动性能研究[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(4):277-284.WANG Shisheng,XIE Bin,ZENG Hengyi,et al.Study on motion performance of 3000meters deep-water semi-submersible drilling platform[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2007,19(4):277-284.
[5]方华灿.海洋钻井船升沉补偿装置的设计[J].石油钻采机械通讯,1976,(5):25-38.FANG Huacan.Design of heave compensation device for offshore drilling ship[J].Communication of Oil Drilling and Machinery,1976,(5):25-38.
[6]张彦廷,刘振东,姜浩,等.浮式钻井平台升沉补偿系统主动力研究[J].石油矿场机械,2010,39(4):1-4.ZHANG Yanting,LIU Zhendong,JIANG Hao,et al.Study on active force of compensation system for floating drilling platform[J].Oil Field Equipment,2010,39(4):1-4.
[7]邓智勇,高剑,谢金辉,等.主被动一体式升沉补偿系统及其控制方法[J].船舶科学技术,2014,36(11):102-107.DENG Zhiyong,GAO Jian,XIE Jinhui,et al.Active-passive heave compensation system and the research about feedback corrective control method[J].Ship Science and Technology,2014,36(11):102-107.
[8] Philip Bennett,Sedco Forex.Active heave:The benefits to operations as seen in the North Sea[C]//Amsterdam:SPE/IADC drilling conference,1997:207-217.
[9]赵传亮,张树立,王嘉波.深水钻井船钻井模块研究[J].装备制造技术,2017,(7):121-123.ZHAO Chuanliang,ZHANG Shuli,WANG Jiabo.Deepwater drilling ship drilling module research[J].Equipment Manufacturing Technology,2017,(7):121-123.
[10]陈进娥,何顺利,刘广峰.我国海洋石油勘探开发装备现状及发展趋势[J].油气藏评价与开发,2012,2(6):67-71.CHEN Jine,HE Shunli,LIU Guangfeng.Current situation and development trends of China offshore oil exploration and development equipments[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2012,2(6):67-71.
[11]姜浩,刘衍聪,张彦廷,等.浮式钻井平台主动式钻柱升沉补偿装置设计[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):483-486.JIANG Hao,LIU Yancong,ZHANG Yanting,et al.Design for an active drill-string heave compensation system of the floating drilling platform[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):483-486.
[12]姜浩,刘衍聪,张彦廷,等.浮式钻井平台被动升沉补偿装置设计[J].液压与气动,2011,(10):50-52.JIANG Hao,LIU Yancong,ZHANG Yanting,et al.Research of passive heave compensation system for float drilling platform[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2011,(10):50-52.
[13]陈祖波,吕岩,李志刚,等.浮式钻井钻柱升沉补偿概述[J].石油矿场机械,2011,40(10):28-32.CHEN Zubo,LYan,LI Zhigang,et al.Review of drill string heave compensation systems for floating drilling platform[J].Oil Field Equipment,2011,40(10):28-32.
[14]吴金波,宋宇宸.海上作业起重机主动升沉补偿系统的设计与分析[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(15):1989-1996.WU Jinbo,SONG Yuchen.Design and analysis of active heave compensation system for offshore cranes[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2016,27(15):1989-1996.
[15]蔡东伟,刘荣华,张作礼,等.一种主动升沉波浪补偿控制系统研究[J].船舶工程,2012,34(S2):103-106.CAI Dongwei,LIU Ronghua,ZHANG Zuoli,et al.Study of an active heave compensation control system[J].Ship Engineering,2012,34(S2):103-106.
[16]白鹿.钻柱液压升沉补偿系统设计研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2009.BAI Lu.Research and design of hydraulic heave compensation systerm for drill string[D].Qingdao Shandong:China University of Petroleum,2009.
[17]姜浩,刘衍聪,张彦廷,等.浮式钻井平台钻柱升沉补偿系统研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(6):122-126.JIANG Hao,LIU Yancong,ZHANG Yanting,et al.Research on drill string heave compensation system for floating drilling platform[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(6):122-126.
[18]任克忍,沈大春,王定亚,等.海洋钻井升沉补偿系统技术分析[J].石油机械,2009,37(9):125-128.REN Keren,SHEN Dachun,WANG Dingya,et al.Technical analysis of offshore drilling heave compensation system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2009,37(9):125-128.
[19]张萌,胡小东,李波.半主动式钻柱升沉补偿系统补偿机理分析[J].石油机械,2012,40(5):57-60.ZHANG Meng,HU Xiaodong,LI Bo.Analysis of the compensating mechanism of semi-active drill string heaving compensation system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2012,40(5):57-60.
[20]鄢华林,姜飞龙.海洋平台吊机波浪补偿系统研究[J].液压与气动,2011,(2):22-25.YAN Hualin,JIANG Feilong.Research on wave compensation system of ocean-platform crane[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2011,(2):22-25.
[21]张新福,黄海波,冯林.一种主动式波浪补偿装置的设计与实现[J].液压与气动,2011,(8):27-29.ZHANG Xinfu,HUANG Haibo,FENG Lin.The design and realization of an active heave compensation device[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2011,(8):27-29.
[2]贾俊梁,闫文辉,王维旭,等.主被动结合型钻柱升沉补偿装置[J].石油矿场机械,2015,44(1):52-55.JIA Junliang,YAN Wenhui,WANG Weixu,et al.Active and passive combination drill string heave compensation device[J].Oil Field Equipment,2015,44(1):52-55.
[3]刘清友,徐涛.深海钻井升沉补偿装置国内现状及发展思路[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(3):1-8.LIU Qingyou,XU Tao.Domestic status and thoughts on the development ideas of deepwater drilling heave compensation system[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2014,36(3):1-8.
[4]王世圣,谢彬,曾恒一,等.3000米深水半潜式钻井平台运动性能研究[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(4):277-284.WANG Shisheng,XIE Bin,ZENG Hengyi,et al.Study on motion performance of 3000meters deep-water semi-submersible drilling platform[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2007,19(4):277-284.
[5]方华灿.海洋钻井船升沉补偿装置的设计[J].石油钻采机械通讯,1976,(5):25-38.FANG Huacan.Design of heave compensation device for offshore drilling ship[J].Communication of Oil Drilling and Machinery,1976,(5):25-38.
[6]张彦廷,刘振东,姜浩,等.浮式钻井平台升沉补偿系统主动力研究[J].石油矿场机械,2010,39(4):1-4.ZHANG Yanting,LIU Zhendong,JIANG Hao,et al.Study on active force of compensation system for floating drilling platform[J].Oil Field Equipment,2010,39(4):1-4.
[7]邓智勇,高剑,谢金辉,等.主被动一体式升沉补偿系统及其控制方法[J].船舶科学技术,2014,36(11):102-107.DENG Zhiyong,GAO Jian,XIE Jinhui,et al.Active-passive heave compensation system and the research about feedback corrective control method[J].Ship Science and Technology,2014,36(11):102-107.
[8] Philip Bennett,Sedco Forex.Active heave:The benefits to operations as seen in the North Sea[C]//Amsterdam:SPE/IADC drilling conference,1997:207-217.
[9]赵传亮,张树立,王嘉波.深水钻井船钻井模块研究[J].装备制造技术,2017,(7):121-123.ZHAO Chuanliang,ZHANG Shuli,WANG Jiabo.Deepwater drilling ship drilling module research[J].Equipment Manufacturing Technology,2017,(7):121-123.
[10]陈进娥,何顺利,刘广峰.我国海洋石油勘探开发装备现状及发展趋势[J].油气藏评价与开发,2012,2(6):67-71.CHEN Jine,HE Shunli,LIU Guangfeng.Current situation and development trends of China offshore oil exploration and development equipments[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2012,2(6):67-71.
[11]姜浩,刘衍聪,张彦廷,等.浮式钻井平台主动式钻柱升沉补偿装置设计[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):483-486.JIANG Hao,LIU Yancong,ZHANG Yanting,et al.Design for an active drill-string heave compensation system of the floating drilling platform[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):483-486.
[12]姜浩,刘衍聪,张彦廷,等.浮式钻井平台被动升沉补偿装置设计[J].液压与气动,2011,(10):50-52.JIANG Hao,LIU Yancong,ZHANG Yanting,et al.Research of passive heave compensation system for float drilling platform[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2011,(10):50-52.
[13]陈祖波,吕岩,李志刚,等.浮式钻井钻柱升沉补偿概述[J].石油矿场机械,2011,40(10):28-32.CHEN Zubo,LYan,LI Zhigang,et al.Review of drill string heave compensation systems for floating drilling platform[J].Oil Field Equipment,2011,40(10):28-32.
[14]吴金波,宋宇宸.海上作业起重机主动升沉补偿系统的设计与分析[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(15):1989-1996.WU Jinbo,SONG Yuchen.Design and analysis of active heave compensation system for offshore cranes[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2016,27(15):1989-1996.
[15]蔡东伟,刘荣华,张作礼,等.一种主动升沉波浪补偿控制系统研究[J].船舶工程,2012,34(S2):103-106.CAI Dongwei,LIU Ronghua,ZHANG Zuoli,et al.Study of an active heave compensation control system[J].Ship Engineering,2012,34(S2):103-106.
[16]白鹿.钻柱液压升沉补偿系统设计研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2009.BAI Lu.Research and design of hydraulic heave compensation systerm for drill string[D].Qingdao Shandong:China University of Petroleum,2009.
[17]姜浩,刘衍聪,张彦廷,等.浮式钻井平台钻柱升沉补偿系统研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(6):122-126.JIANG Hao,LIU Yancong,ZHANG Yanting,et al.Research on drill string heave compensation system for floating drilling platform[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(6):122-126.
[18]任克忍,沈大春,王定亚,等.海洋钻井升沉补偿系统技术分析[J].石油机械,2009,37(9):125-128.REN Keren,SHEN Dachun,WANG Dingya,et al.Technical analysis of offshore drilling heave compensation system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2009,37(9):125-128.
[19]张萌,胡小东,李波.半主动式钻柱升沉补偿系统补偿机理分析[J].石油机械,2012,40(5):57-60.ZHANG Meng,HU Xiaodong,LI Bo.Analysis of the compensating mechanism of semi-active drill string heaving compensation system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2012,40(5):57-60.
[20]鄢华林,姜飞龙.海洋平台吊机波浪补偿系统研究[J].液压与气动,2011,(2):22-25.YAN Hualin,JIANG Feilong.Research on wave compensation system of ocean-platform crane[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2011,(2):22-25.
[21]张新福,黄海波,冯林.一种主动式波浪补偿装置的设计与实现[J].液压与气动,2011,(8):27-29.ZHANG Xinfu,HUANG Haibo,FENG Lin.The design and realization of an active heave compensation device[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2011,(8):27-29.