鱼骨粉对土壤Cd污染钝化修复效应及其理化性质的影响
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摘要
通过1年静态培养试验,研究了鱼骨粉对碱性和酸性Cd污染土壤钝化修复效应、基本理化性质和酶活性的影响。结果表明:随着鱼骨粉施加量的增加,酸性和碱性土壤中pH、有机质和阳离子交换量增加,而含水率则较对照降低了2.90%～6.19%和0.10%～1.81%。土壤中TCLP(toxicity characteristic leaching procedure)提取态Cd含量随鱼骨粉投加量增加而降低,较对照最大分别降低49.7%和17.0%。施加鱼骨粉后,碱性土壤中过氧化氢酶活性显著升高(p<0.05),过氧化物酶则受到抑制,脲酶活性仅在≤1%鱼骨粉处理时有所促进,而在酸性土壤中,过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和脲酶活性最大分别可增加90.5%,65.4%,75.8%。施用鱼骨粉改变了土壤有机碳官能团的数量,其中酚类化合物、脂肪C、芳香C官能团含量均有所增加。土壤中有效态Cd与土壤有机质含量、过氧化氢酶活性呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.01),与土壤pH、阳离子交换量呈显著负相关关系(p<0.05)。研究表明利用鱼骨粉钝化修复Cd污染土壤较为有效可行。
One-year static cultivation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fish bone meal on immobilization remediation of cadmium(Cd), basic physiochemical properties and enzyme activities in acid and alkaline Cd contaminated soils. The results showed that with the increasing of fish bone meal amount, the pH, organic matter and cation exchange capacity increased in acid and alkaline soils, while the water content decreased by 2.90% ～ 6.19% and 0.10% ～ 1.81% compared with the control. The extractable Cd content of the TCLP(toxicity characteristic leaching procedure) in soil decreased with the increasing of fish bone meal, which decreased by 49.7% and 17.0% at most, respectively, when compared with the control. After the addition of fish bone meal to alkaline soil, the activity of catalase increased significantly(p < 0.05), while the peroxidase activity was restrained, and the urease activity was promoted only under the treatment of addition fish bone meal less than 1%. However, in the acid soil, the activity of catalase, peroxidase and urease increase by 90.5%, 65.4% and 75.8% at most, respectively. The number of organic carbon functional groups was changed after applying fish bone meal, and the content of phenolic compounds, aliphatic C and aromatic C increased. The content of available Cd in soil was extremely negatively correlated with the organic matter content and the catalase activity(p < 0.01), and it was obviously negatively correlated with pH and cation exchange capacity(p < 0.05). Therefore, using fish bone meal was efficient for remediation of Cd contaminated soil.
One-year static cultivation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fish bone meal on immobilization remediation of cadmium(Cd), basic physiochemical properties and enzyme activities in acid and alkaline Cd contaminated soils. The results showed that with the increasing of fish bone meal amount, the pH, organic matter and cation exchange capacity increased in acid and alkaline soils, while the water content decreased by 2.90% ～ 6.19% and 0.10% ～ 1.81% compared with the control. The extractable Cd content of the TCLP(toxicity characteristic leaching procedure) in soil decreased with the increasing of fish bone meal, which decreased by 49.7% and 17.0% at most, respectively, when compared with the control. After the addition of fish bone meal to alkaline soil, the activity of catalase increased significantly(p < 0.05), while the peroxidase activity was restrained, and the urease activity was promoted only under the treatment of addition fish bone meal less than 1%. However, in the acid soil, the activity of catalase, peroxidase and urease increase by 90.5%, 65.4% and 75.8% at most, respectively. The number of organic carbon functional groups was changed after applying fish bone meal, and the content of phenolic compounds, aliphatic C and aromatic C increased. The content of available Cd in soil was extremely negatively correlated with the organic matter content and the catalase activity(p < 0.01), and it was obviously negatively correlated with pH and cation exchange capacity(p < 0.05). Therefore, using fish bone meal was efficient for remediation of Cd contaminated soil.
引文
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[7] 孙约兵,徐应明,史新,等.污灌区镉污染土壤钝化修复及其生态效应研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(8):1467-1473.
[8] Smiciklas I,Dimovi? I,Mitri? M.Removal of Co2+ from aqueous solutions by hydroxyapatite [J].Water Research,2006,40(12):2267-2274.
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[10] Valipour M,Shahbazi K,Khanmirzaei A.Chemical immobilization of lead,cadmium,copper,and nickel in contaminated soils by phosphate amendments [J].CLEAN-Soil,Air,Water,2016,44(5):572-578.
[11] Shahid M,Xiong T,Masood N,et al.Influence of plant species and phosphorus amendments on metal speciation and bioavailability in a smelter impacted soil:A case study of food-chain contamination [J].Journal of Soils & Sediments,2014,14(4):655-665.
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[13] Austruy A ,Shahid M ,Tiantian X,et al.Mechanisms of metal-phosphates formation in the rhizosphere soils of pea and tomato:Environmental and sanitary consequences [J].Journal of Soils & Sediments,2014,14(4):666-678.
[14] 纪艺凝,王农,徐应明,等.无机-有机复配材料对Cd污染土壤的修复效应[J].环境化学,2017,36(11):2333-2340.
[15] Kalbitz K,Wennrich R.Mobilization of heavy metals and arsenic in polluted wetland soils and its dependence on dissolved organic matter [J].Science of Total Environment,1998,209(1):27-39.
[16] 林大松,徐应明,孙国红,等.土壤pH、有机质和含水氧化物对镉、铅竞争吸附的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(2):510-515.
[17] Lee Y C,Kim E J,Ko D A,et al.Water-soluble organo-building blocks of aminoclay as a soil-flushing agent for heavy metal contaminated soil [J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,196(1):101-108.
[18] 宋波,曾炜铨.土壤有机质对镉污染土壤修复的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,46(4):1018-1024.
[19] Liu C C,Lin Y C.Reclamation of copper-contaminated soil using EDTA or citric acid coupled with dissolved organic matter solution extracted from distillery sludge [J].Environmental Pollution,2013,178(1):97-101.
[20] 王永强,肖立中,李伯威,等.不同改良剂对复合污染重金属形态与再分配的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(34):17027-17029.
[21] Coles C A,Yong R N.Aspects of kaolinite characterization and retention of Pb and Cd [J].Applied Clay Science,2002,22(1):39-45.
[22] 杜彩艳,祖艳群,李元,等.pH和有机质对土壤中镉和锌生物有效性影响研究[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,20(4):539-543.
[23] 廖敏,黄昌勇,谢正苗.pH对镉在土水系统中的迁移和形态的影响[J].环境科学学报,1999,19(1):81-86.
[24] Yang Z F,Chen Y L,Xun Q,et al.A study of the effect of soil pH on chemical species of cadmium by simulated experiments [J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12:252-260.
[25] Lucchini P,Quilliam R S,Deluca T H,et al.Increased bioavailability of metals in two contrasting agricultural soils treated with waste wood-derived biochar and ash [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(5):3230-3240.
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[28] 郑顺安,郑向群,张铁亮,等.水分条件对紫色土中铅形态转化的影响[J].环境化学,2011,30(12):2080-2085.
[29] 杜传宝.纳米羟基磷灰石固定污染土壤重金属的应用研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[30] Cao X,Ma L Q,Rhue D R,et al.Mechanisms of lead,copper,and zinc retention by phosphate rock [J].Environmental Pollution,2004,131(3):435-444.
[31] Xu Y,Schwartz F W,Traina S J.Sorption of Zn2+ and Cd2+ on hydroxyapatite surfaces [J].Environmental Science and Technology,1994,28(8):1472-1480.
[32] Ryan J A,Zhang P,Hesterberg D,et al.Formation of chloropyromorphite in a Lead-contaminated soil amended with hydroxyapatite [J].Environmental Science & Technology,2001,35(18):3798-3803.
[33] Raicevic S,Kaludjerovicradoicic T,Zouboulis A I.In situ stabilization of toxic metals in polluted soils using phosphates:Theoretical prediction and experimental verification [J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,117(1):41-53.
[34] 许剑臣,李晔,肖华锋,等.改良剂对重金属复合污染土壤的修复效果[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(12):6511-6517.
[35] 石小娟,刘玉清,易悦,等.3种含磷材料修复铜镉复合污染土壤的研究[J].湖南农业科学,2015(4):116-118.
[36] 龙梅,胡锋,李辉信,等.低成本含磷材料修复环境重金属污染的研究进展[J].环境工程学报,2006,7(7):1-10.
[37] Smucker A J M,Wang W,Kravchenko A N,et al.Forms and functions of meso and micro-niches of carbon within soil aggregates [J].Journal of Nematology,2010,42(1):84-86.
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