7种半细毛羊常用饲料原料的营养价值评定
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摘要
试验旨在对半细毛羊常用饲料原料的营养价值进行评定。采集7种云南半细毛羊常用的饲料原料,采用概略养分分析法测定干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维等常规养分,并通过消化代谢试验测定各饲料原料的可消化粗蛋白、消化能和代谢能含量。在消化代谢试验中,粗饲料采用直接饲喂法,精饲料采用套算法。结果表明:由于所选7种原料在日粮中的使用目的不同,因此常规养分差异较大,其中干物质含量26.21%~91.13%,粗蛋白含量7.16%~44.73%,粗纤维含量3.71%~34.66%;这7种原料的可消化粗蛋白30.99~399.95 g/kg,消化能8.64~17.19 MJ/kg,代谢能7.07~15.81 MJ/kg,均以豆粕为最高值。通过比较分析,本试验测定的云南半细毛羊常用饲料原料的常规营养成分及可消化粗蛋白和有效能值均与中国饲料营养成分表有一定差异,从而为这7种原料在云南半细毛羊上的合理利用及中国饲料数据库的进一步完善提供一定的参考。
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritive values of common feedstuffs for semi-fine-wool sheep. The contents of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber of seven commonly used feedstuffs for Yunnan semi-fine-wool sheep were determined using the feed proximate Analysis. The digestible crude protein,digestible and metabolic energy were determined by digestion and metabolism experiments. Moreover, the roughages were determined by feeding directly, and concentrates were evaluated by the substitution method. Results showed that the conventional nutrients of seven selected feedstuffs were great difference due to different uses in diets, such as the dry matter varied from 26.21% to 91.13%, crude protein varied from 7.16% to 44.73%, crude fiber varied from 3.71% to 34.66%; 2) The digestible crude protein of seven commonly used feedstuffs varied from 30.99 to 399.95 g/kg, the digestible energy varied from 8.64 to 17.19 MJ/kg, the metabolic energy varied from 7.07 to 15.81 MJ/kg and the soybean meal had the highest contents of these available nutrients. Conclusion: There were difference between the evaluated available nutrients of commonly used feedstuffs for Yunnan semi-fine-wool sheep and Chinese Feed Ingredients Table in this experiment, which provide a reference for the proper utilization of these seven feedstuffs in Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep, and also promote the further improvement of Chinese feed database.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritive values of common feedstuffs for semi-fine-wool sheep. The contents of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber of seven commonly used feedstuffs for Yunnan semi-fine-wool sheep were determined using the feed proximate Analysis. The digestible crude protein,digestible and metabolic energy were determined by digestion and metabolism experiments. Moreover, the roughages were determined by feeding directly, and concentrates were evaluated by the substitution method. Results showed that the conventional nutrients of seven selected feedstuffs were great difference due to different uses in diets, such as the dry matter varied from 26.21% to 91.13%, crude protein varied from 7.16% to 44.73%, crude fiber varied from 3.71% to 34.66%; 2) The digestible crude protein of seven commonly used feedstuffs varied from 30.99 to 399.95 g/kg, the digestible energy varied from 8.64 to 17.19 MJ/kg, the metabolic energy varied from 7.07 to 15.81 MJ/kg and the soybean meal had the highest contents of these available nutrients. Conclusion: There were difference between the evaluated available nutrients of commonly used feedstuffs for Yunnan semi-fine-wool sheep and Chinese Feed Ingredients Table in this experiment, which provide a reference for the proper utilization of these seven feedstuffs in Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep, and also promote the further improvement of Chinese feed database.
引文
[1]国家畜禽遗传资源委员会.中国畜禽遗传资源志·羊志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[2]李丽娟,申小云.贵州半细毛羊的培育历程与养殖现状[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(11):182-184+188.
[3]赵江波,魏时来,马涛,等.套算法用于估测肉用羊单一谷物饲料代谢能值及养分消化率的探索[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(7):1405-1413.
[4]Galvani D B,Pires C C,Kozloski G V,et al.Energy requirements of Texel crossbred lambs[J].J Anim Sci,2008,86(12):3480-3490.
[5]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.
[6]Pelchan A,Peters K J.Methane emissions from sheep[J].Small Rumin ant Res,1998,27(2):137-150.
[7]刘德稳.生长猪常用七种饲料原料净能预测方程[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[8]Adeola O.Swine nutrition[M].//Lewis A J,Lee Southen2nd ed.Washington D C:CRC Press,2001:906.
[9]熊本海,罗清尧,赵峰.中国饲料成分及营养价值(2016年第27版)制订说明[J].饲料广角,2016,24:26-36.
[10]熊本海,罗清尧,赵峰.中国饲料成分及营养价值(2016年第27版)续[J].饲料广角,2017,(1):27-32.
[11]王成章,王恬.饲料学[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[12]Morrison I M.Changes in the lignin and hemicelluloses concentrations of ten varieties of temperate grasses with increasing maturity[J].Grass Forage Sci,1980,35(4):287-393.
[13]许艳芬.山东省猪饲料原料的营养价值评定[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[14]赵丽华,莫放,余汝华,等.收刈时间对玉米秸秆营养物质产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007,(7):11-14.
[15]邓卫东,席冬梅,毛华明.云南省反刍家畜主要饲料营养价值评价[J].黄牛杂志,2002,28(1):23-27.
[16]陶春卫.反刍动物常用粗饲料营养价值评定及其有效能值预测模型的建立[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2009.
[17]刘洁.肉用绵羊饲料代谢能与代谢蛋白质预测模型的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[18]赵明明,马涛,马俊南,等.肉用绵羊常用粗饲料有效能值的预测与方程的建立[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(8):2385-2395.
[19]王菲.肉牛饲料有效能值预测模型的建立与评价[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[20]Abate A L,Mayer M.Prediction of the useful energy in tropical feeds from proximate composition and in vivo derived energetic contents 1.Metabolisable energy[J].Small Rumin Res,1997,25(1):51-59.
[21]李德勇.体外法评价肉牛饲料净蛋白质利用率和瘤胃降解率[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[22]赵江波,魏时来,马涛,等.应用套算法估测肉羊精饲料代谢能[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1217-1224.
[2]李丽娟,申小云.贵州半细毛羊的培育历程与养殖现状[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(11):182-184+188.
[3]赵江波,魏时来,马涛,等.套算法用于估测肉用羊单一谷物饲料代谢能值及养分消化率的探索[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(7):1405-1413.
[4]Galvani D B,Pires C C,Kozloski G V,et al.Energy requirements of Texel crossbred lambs[J].J Anim Sci,2008,86(12):3480-3490.
[5]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.
[6]Pelchan A,Peters K J.Methane emissions from sheep[J].Small Rumin ant Res,1998,27(2):137-150.
[7]刘德稳.生长猪常用七种饲料原料净能预测方程[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[8]Adeola O.Swine nutrition[M].//Lewis A J,Lee Southen2nd ed.Washington D C:CRC Press,2001:906.
[9]熊本海,罗清尧,赵峰.中国饲料成分及营养价值(2016年第27版)制订说明[J].饲料广角,2016,24:26-36.
[10]熊本海,罗清尧,赵峰.中国饲料成分及营养价值(2016年第27版)续[J].饲料广角,2017,(1):27-32.
[11]王成章,王恬.饲料学[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[12]Morrison I M.Changes in the lignin and hemicelluloses concentrations of ten varieties of temperate grasses with increasing maturity[J].Grass Forage Sci,1980,35(4):287-393.
[13]许艳芬.山东省猪饲料原料的营养价值评定[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[14]赵丽华,莫放,余汝华,等.收刈时间对玉米秸秆营养物质产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007,(7):11-14.
[15]邓卫东,席冬梅,毛华明.云南省反刍家畜主要饲料营养价值评价[J].黄牛杂志,2002,28(1):23-27.
[16]陶春卫.反刍动物常用粗饲料营养价值评定及其有效能值预测模型的建立[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2009.
[17]刘洁.肉用绵羊饲料代谢能与代谢蛋白质预测模型的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[18]赵明明,马涛,马俊南,等.肉用绵羊常用粗饲料有效能值的预测与方程的建立[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(8):2385-2395.
[19]王菲.肉牛饲料有效能值预测模型的建立与评价[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[20]Abate A L,Mayer M.Prediction of the useful energy in tropical feeds from proximate composition and in vivo derived energetic contents 1.Metabolisable energy[J].Small Rumin Res,1997,25(1):51-59.
[21]李德勇.体外法评价肉牛饲料净蛋白质利用率和瘤胃降解率[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[22]赵江波,魏时来,马涛,等.应用套算法估测肉羊精饲料代谢能[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1217-1224.
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