水合物沉积物介电特性测量实验
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摘要
介电常数法是探测冻土区水合物的一项有效技术。通过物理模拟实验,研究冻土区砂岩水合物沉积物的介电特性与水合物饱和度、骨架粒度等因素的关系,对水合物的勘探和开发具有重要意义。在实验室以不同粒度石英砂为骨架制备甲烷水合物和四氢呋喃(THF)水合物沉积物样品,并使用探地雷达测量其介电常数。结果显示:不同石英砂粒度条件下,两种甲烷水合物沉积物的介电常数均随饱和度增大而减小;相同饱和度条件下,围岩粒度小的甲烷水合物沉积物介电常数高,推断是孔隙内未反应的水引起的;在相同石英砂粒度条件下,THF水合物沉积物与甲烷水合物沉积物的介电常数随饱和度变化趋势相同,均表现为介电常数随饱和度增大而减小;在相同饱和度和石英砂粒度条件下,甲烷水合物沉积物介电常数整体大于THF水合物沉积物,推断是甲烷水合物沉积物孔隙中气相因素及未反应的水等综合因素所致。
As an effective way to detect hydrate in permafrost regions,the dielectric constant can be used to investigate the relations between dielectric constant characteristics of sandstone hydrate sediments and the hydrate saturation as well as the surrounding rock granularity with physical simulation tests,which is of great significance for the hydrate exploration and development.Soil samples of methane hydrate and tetrahydrofuran(THF)hydrate with different granularities of quartz sand framework are obtained through sample preparation in laboratory and their dielectric constants are analyzed.The following phenomena are observed:A.Under different granularities of quartz sands,the dielectric constants of two kinds of methane hydrate sediments decrease with the increase of saturation;B.Under the condition of same saturation,the dielectric constant of methane hydrate sediments with small granularity of surrounding rock is larger,which is inferred to be caused by the unreacted water in the pores;C.Under the same granularity of quartz sands,the changing trend of dielectric constant with the saturation in THF hydrate sediments is the same as that in methane hydrate sediments i.e.,both dielectric constant decreases with the increase of saturation;D.Under the condition of the same saturation,the dielectric constant of hydrate sediments is overall larger than that of THF hydrate,which is inferred to be caused by the combination of gas-phase factors in the pores of methane hydrate sediments and the presence of unreacted water.
As an effective way to detect hydrate in permafrost regions,the dielectric constant can be used to investigate the relations between dielectric constant characteristics of sandstone hydrate sediments and the hydrate saturation as well as the surrounding rock granularity with physical simulation tests,which is of great significance for the hydrate exploration and development.Soil samples of methane hydrate and tetrahydrofuran(THF)hydrate with different granularities of quartz sand framework are obtained through sample preparation in laboratory and their dielectric constants are analyzed.The following phenomena are observed:A.Under different granularities of quartz sands,the dielectric constants of two kinds of methane hydrate sediments decrease with the increase of saturation;B.Under the condition of same saturation,the dielectric constant of methane hydrate sediments with small granularity of surrounding rock is larger,which is inferred to be caused by the unreacted water in the pores;C.Under the same granularity of quartz sands,the changing trend of dielectric constant with the saturation in THF hydrate sediments is the same as that in methane hydrate sediments i.e.,both dielectric constant decreases with the increase of saturation;D.Under the condition of the same saturation,the dielectric constant of hydrate sediments is overall larger than that of THF hydrate,which is inferred to be caused by the combination of gas-phase factors in the pores of methane hydrate sediments and the presence of unreacted water.
引文
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[15] 翁爱华,刘云鹤,高丽娟等.天然气水合物的磁电阻率响应特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):158-161.WENG Aihua,LIU Yunhe,GAO Lijuan,et al.Magnetoelectric resistivity response characteristics for natural gas hydrate[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(S1):158-161.
[16] 李小森,陈琦,李刚等.海底水合物矿藏降压开采与甲烷气体扩散过程的数值模拟[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):598-606.LI Xiaosen,CHEN Qi,LI Gang,et al.The simulation of hydrate production by depressurization in deep ocean[J].Geoscience,2010,24(3):598-606.
[17] 卢振权,祝有海,张永勤,等.青海省祁连山冻土区天然气水合物存在的主要证据[J].现代地质,2010,24(2):329-336.LU Zhenquan,ZHU Youhai,ZHANG Yongqin,et al.Major evidence for gas hydrates existence in the Qi-lian mountain permafrost,Qinghai[J].Geoscience,2010,24(2):329-336.
[18] 吴时国,徐宁.加拿大马更些三角洲天然气水合物物化特性和含量[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(6):506-511.WU Shiguo,XU Ning.Physical & chemical characters and contents of gas hydrate researches in Ma-ckenzie delta area,Canada[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(6):506-511.
[19] 任静雅,鲁晓兵,张旭辉.水合物沉积物电阻特性研究初探[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(1):161-165.REN Jingya,LU Xiaobing,ZHANG Xuhui.Preliminary study on electric resistance of hydrate-bearing sediments[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(1):161-165.
[20] 曾昭发,薛建,王者江,等.探地雷达物理模拟相似性准则及监测油气污染试验[J].长春科技大学学报,1998,28(4):453-457.ZENG Zhaofa,XUE Jian,WANG Zhejiang, et al.The physical modeling similarity criterion of radar wave and the test for monitoring oil and gas pollution using GPR[J].Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology,1998,28(4):453-457.
[21] 胡俊,俞祁浩,游艳辉,等.探地雷达在多年冻土区正演模型研究及应用[J].物探与化探,2012,36(3):458-461.HU Jun,YU Qihao,YOU Yanhui,et al.The study and application of the ground penetration radar to the forward modeling of permafrost area[J].Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration,2012,36(3):458-461.
[22] 杜炳锐,白大为,方慧,等.实验室水合物物理模型的电磁特性研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2016,38(4):467-472.DU Bingrui,BAI Dawei,FANG Hui,et al.Preparation of laboratory hydrate physical model and research on the electromagnetic properties based on the ground penetrating radar[J].Computing Techniques for Geo-physical and Geochemical Exploration,2016,38(4):467-472.
[23] 杜炳锐,白大为,方慧,等.基于探地雷达的实验室水合物物理模型制备与电磁特性研究[J].物探与化探,2017,41(1):116-122.DU Bingrui,BAI Dawei,FANG Hui,et al.Prepara-tion of laboratory hydrate physical model and reserchon the electromagnetic properties based on the ground penetrating radar[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,41(1):116-122.
[24] Chuvilin E M,Makhonina N A,Jakoben T,et al.Petrophysical investigations of frozen sediments artificially saturated by hydrate[C].The 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrate,2002,734-739.
[25] 颜荣涛,韦昌富,魏厚振,等.水合物形成对含水合物砂土强度影响[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(7):1234-1240.YAN Rongtao,WEI Changfu,WEI Houzhen,et al.Effect of hydrate formation on mechanical strength of hydrate-bearing sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(7):1234-1240.
[2] 祝有海,张永勤,文怀军,等.青海祁连山冻土区发现天然气水合物[J].地质学报,2009,83(11):1762-1771.ZHU Youhai,ZHANG Yongqin,WEN Huaijun,et al.Gas hydrate in the Qilian mountain permafrost,Qinghai,northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(11):1762-1771.
[3] 王新全,刘晖,王林,等.南祁连盆地天然气水合物地震勘探技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):644-650.WANG Xinquan,LIU Hui,WANG Lin,et al.Seismic exploration for natural gas hydrate in the South Qilian Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(4):644-650.
[4] 杨睿,吴能友,白杰,等.南海北部无明显BSR地区天然气水合物识别研究[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):1034-1040.YANG Rui,WU Nengyou,BAI Jie,et al.Gas hydrate identification in non-BSR region,northern South China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(2):1034-1040.
[5] 邓灿,梁德清,李栋梁,等.H2-THF水合物形成过程研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(5):45-49.DENG Can,LIANG Deqing,LI Dongliang,et al.Research on the formation process of H2-THF clathrate hydrates[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2010,32(5):45-49.
[6] 冯凯,李敏锋,刘竣川,等.天然气水合物和游离气层的弹性参数异常特征及其在饱和度估算中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):430-436.FENG Kai,LI Minfeng,LIU Junchuan, et al.Anomalous feature of elastic parameters in sediments with gas-hydrate and free gas and application in estimation of saturation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(4):430-436.
[7] 肖昆,邹长春,邓居智,等.利用声波测井估算裂缝型水合物储层水合物饱和度[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(5):1034-1040.XIAO Kun,ZOU Changchun,DENG Juzhi,et al.Gas hydrate saturation estimation in fractured reservoirs with acoustic logging[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(5):1034-1040.
[8] William W,Michael W.Physical properties of sedi-ment from the Mount Elbert gas hydrate stratigraphic test well,Alaska North Slope[J].Marine and Petro-leum Geology,2011,28(9):361-380.
[9] 孙中明,刘昌岭,赵仕俊,等.时域反射技术测量 THF水合物体系含水量的实验研究[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28(5):64-70.SUN Zhongming,LIU Changling,ZHAO Shijun,et al.Experimental study on water content measurement in THF hydrate system with time domain reflectometry (TDR)[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2012,28(5):64-70.
[10] 胡高伟,业渝光,刁少波,等.时域反射技术测量海洋沉积物含水量的研究[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):622-626.HU Gaowei,YE Yuguang,DIAO Shaobo,et al.Research of time domain reflectometry in measuring water content of marine sediments[J].Geoscience,2010,24(3):622-626.
[11] 李栋梁,卢静生,梁德青.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物形成对岩芯电阻率及介电常数的影响[J].新能源进展,2016,4(3):179-183.LI Dongliang,LU Jingsheng,LIANG Deqing.Resistivity and dielectric constant characteristics of natural gas hydrate-bearing sandstone from permafrost regions of Qilian mountains[J].Advances in New and Renewable Energy,2016,4(3):179-183.
[12] Spangenberg E,Kulenkampff J.Influence of methane hydrate content on electrical sediment properties[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(24):1-5.
[13] Zain Z M,Yang J H,Tohidi B,et al.Hydrate monitoring and warning system:A new approach for reducing gas hydrate risks[C].SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference,2005.
[14] 符志国,李忠,赵尧,等.薄砂岩储层多波叠后地震反射特征分析及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(5):1016-1024.FU Zhiguo,LI Zhong,ZHAO Yao,et al.Post-stack multi-wave reflection characteristics of thin sand re-servoirs[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(5):1016-1024.
[15] 翁爱华,刘云鹤,高丽娟等.天然气水合物的磁电阻率响应特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):158-161.WENG Aihua,LIU Yunhe,GAO Lijuan,et al.Magnetoelectric resistivity response characteristics for natural gas hydrate[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(S1):158-161.
[16] 李小森,陈琦,李刚等.海底水合物矿藏降压开采与甲烷气体扩散过程的数值模拟[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):598-606.LI Xiaosen,CHEN Qi,LI Gang,et al.The simulation of hydrate production by depressurization in deep ocean[J].Geoscience,2010,24(3):598-606.
[17] 卢振权,祝有海,张永勤,等.青海省祁连山冻土区天然气水合物存在的主要证据[J].现代地质,2010,24(2):329-336.LU Zhenquan,ZHU Youhai,ZHANG Yongqin,et al.Major evidence for gas hydrates existence in the Qi-lian mountain permafrost,Qinghai[J].Geoscience,2010,24(2):329-336.
[18] 吴时国,徐宁.加拿大马更些三角洲天然气水合物物化特性和含量[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(6):506-511.WU Shiguo,XU Ning.Physical & chemical characters and contents of gas hydrate researches in Ma-ckenzie delta area,Canada[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(6):506-511.
[19] 任静雅,鲁晓兵,张旭辉.水合物沉积物电阻特性研究初探[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(1):161-165.REN Jingya,LU Xiaobing,ZHANG Xuhui.Preliminary study on electric resistance of hydrate-bearing sediments[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(1):161-165.
[20] 曾昭发,薛建,王者江,等.探地雷达物理模拟相似性准则及监测油气污染试验[J].长春科技大学学报,1998,28(4):453-457.ZENG Zhaofa,XUE Jian,WANG Zhejiang, et al.The physical modeling similarity criterion of radar wave and the test for monitoring oil and gas pollution using GPR[J].Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology,1998,28(4):453-457.
[21] 胡俊,俞祁浩,游艳辉,等.探地雷达在多年冻土区正演模型研究及应用[J].物探与化探,2012,36(3):458-461.HU Jun,YU Qihao,YOU Yanhui,et al.The study and application of the ground penetration radar to the forward modeling of permafrost area[J].Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration,2012,36(3):458-461.
[22] 杜炳锐,白大为,方慧,等.实验室水合物物理模型的电磁特性研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2016,38(4):467-472.DU Bingrui,BAI Dawei,FANG Hui,et al.Preparation of laboratory hydrate physical model and research on the electromagnetic properties based on the ground penetrating radar[J].Computing Techniques for Geo-physical and Geochemical Exploration,2016,38(4):467-472.
[23] 杜炳锐,白大为,方慧,等.基于探地雷达的实验室水合物物理模型制备与电磁特性研究[J].物探与化探,2017,41(1):116-122.DU Bingrui,BAI Dawei,FANG Hui,et al.Prepara-tion of laboratory hydrate physical model and reserchon the electromagnetic properties based on the ground penetrating radar[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,41(1):116-122.
[24] Chuvilin E M,Makhonina N A,Jakoben T,et al.Petrophysical investigations of frozen sediments artificially saturated by hydrate[C].The 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrate,2002,734-739.
[25] 颜荣涛,韦昌富,魏厚振,等.水合物形成对含水合物砂土强度影响[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(7):1234-1240.YAN Rongtao,WEI Changfu,WEI Houzhen,et al.Effect of hydrate formation on mechanical strength of hydrate-bearing sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(7):1234-1240.
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