河流氮输出对人类活动净氮输入的响应
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摘要
由人类活动产生的氮排放是影响河流氮通量输出的关键,本研究基于人类活动净氮输入模型和流域分布式水文模型(SWAT),计算了山美水库流域2001—2010年人为氮排放强度,模拟估算了同期的河流氮通量,对山美水库河流氮输出与人类活动净氮输入(NANI)之间的响应特征进行研究。结果表明,2001—2010年间,山美水库流域年均人类活动净氮输入强度为11 023 kg N·km~(-2),其中氮肥施用量占NANI总量的60%,是NANI的主要来源;河流氮通量的年际变化特征深受河流年径流变化影响,与NANI并无显著相关;NANI、滞留氮库以及自然背景源对流域河流氮输出总量的贡献率分别达到52%、44%和4%,包括NANI和滞留氮库在内的人为氮输入是影响山美水库流域河流氮通量输出的关键因素。
The nitrogen emissions generated by human activities are the key of the riverine nitrogen flux output. Based on the net anthropogenic nitrogen input model and the watershed distributed hydrological model(SWAT), the anthropogenic nitrogen emission intensity of Shanmei Reservoir watershed from 2001 to 2010 was calculated. Furthermore, the riverine annual nitrogen flux export was simulated to analyze the response of riverine nitrogen flux to the net anthropogenic nitrogen input in Shanmei Reservoir watershed. The results showed that between 2001 and 2010, the annual net anthropogenic nitrogen input intensity in the Shanmei Reservoir watershed is 11 023 kg N·km~(-2),of which chemical fertilizer application accounts for 60% of the total NANI.It is the main source of NANI. The annual variation of nitrogen flux in rivers is deeply affected by annual riverine runoff and not significantly related to NANI. The contribution rates of NANI, retained nitrogen pools and natural background sources to the total riverine nitrogen flux output reached 52%, 44% and 4%, respectively. Anthropogenic nitrogen input, including NANI and retained nitrogen pools, is a key factor affecting the riverine nitrogen flux in Shanmei Reservoir watershed.
The nitrogen emissions generated by human activities are the key of the riverine nitrogen flux output. Based on the net anthropogenic nitrogen input model and the watershed distributed hydrological model(SWAT), the anthropogenic nitrogen emission intensity of Shanmei Reservoir watershed from 2001 to 2010 was calculated. Furthermore, the riverine annual nitrogen flux export was simulated to analyze the response of riverine nitrogen flux to the net anthropogenic nitrogen input in Shanmei Reservoir watershed. The results showed that between 2001 and 2010, the annual net anthropogenic nitrogen input intensity in the Shanmei Reservoir watershed is 11 023 kg N·km~(-2),of which chemical fertilizer application accounts for 60% of the total NANI.It is the main source of NANI. The annual variation of nitrogen flux in rivers is deeply affected by annual riverine runoff and not significantly related to NANI. The contribution rates of NANI, retained nitrogen pools and natural background sources to the total riverine nitrogen flux output reached 52%, 44% and 4%, respectively. Anthropogenic nitrogen input, including NANI and retained nitrogen pools, is a key factor affecting the riverine nitrogen flux in Shanmei Reservoir watershed.
引文
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[17] 张柏发,陈丁江.1980～2010年浙江某典型河流硝态氮通量对净人类活动氮输入的动态响应[J].环境科学,2014,35(8):2911-2919.
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[19] 刘元元,黄宏,梅琨,等.珊溪水源地净人为氮输入演变及总氮浓度响应[J].浙江农业科学,2018,59(2):333-337.
[20] 刘梅冰,陈兴伟,陈莹.山美水库氮营养盐滞留特征及其影响因素的多时间尺度分析[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(7):2348-2356.
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[22] 关大伟,李力,岳现录,等.我国大豆的生物固氮潜力研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1497-1504.
[23] 肖林财,沈维力.蛋白质对鸡的营养作用及其需要量[J].养殖技术顾问,2014,(1):57.
[24] 陈天宝,万昭军,付茂忠,等.基于氮素循环的耕地畜禽承载能力评估模型建立与应用[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):191-195.
[25] 王光亚.中国食物成分表[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003:183.
[26] 李爱萍,黄广华,高人,等.福州、建瓯和武夷山大气氮/硫湿沉降特征分析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2015,10(3):33-40.
[27] HAN H,ALLANl J D. Estimation of nitrogen inputs to catchments: comparison of methods and consequences for riverine export prediction [J].Biogeochemistry,2008,91(2/3):177-199.
[28] MEYBECK M. Carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus transport by world rivers [J]. American Journal of Science,1982,282 (4):401-450.
[29] GAO W,SWANEY D P,Hong B,et al. Evaluating anthropogenic N inputs to diverse lake basins: A case study of three Chinese lakes [J]. Ambio,2015,44(7):635-646.
[2] HOWARTH R,CHAN F,CONLEY D J,et al. Coupled biogeochemical cycles: Eutrophication and hypoxia in temperate estuaries and coastal marine ecosystems [J]. Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment,2011,9(1): 18-26.
[3] HOWARTH R W. Coastal nitrogen pollution: A review of sources and trends globally and regionally [J]. Harmful Algae,2008,8(1): 14-20.
[4] 方华,莫江明.活性氮增加:一个威胁环境的问题[J].生态环境,2006,15(1):164-168.
[5] 陈小锋,揣小明,曾巾,等.太湖氮素出入湖通量与自净能力研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(7) : 2309-2314.
[6] 梅琨,商栩,王振峰,等.土地利用对流域氮素记忆效应的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36 (10) :3856-3863.
[7] HOWARTH R,BILLEN G,SWANEY D,et al. Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N&P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human influences [J]. Biogeochemistry,1996,35:75-139.
[8] MCLSAAC G F,DAVID M B,GERTNER G Z,et al. Eutrophication: Nitrate flux in the Mississippi River [J]. Nature,2001,414:166-167.
[9] HONG B,SWANEY D P,MORTH C M,et al.Evaluating regional variation of net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs ( NANI/NAPI),major drivers,nutrient retention pattern and management implications in the multinational areas of Baltic Sea Basin [J]. Ecological Modelling,2012,227: 117-135.
[10] HAN H,ALLAN J D,SCAVIA D.Influence of climate and human activities on the relationship between watershed nitrogen input and river export [J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2009,43(6): 1916-1922.
[11] 高伟,高波,严长安,等.鄱阳湖流域人为氮磷输入演变及湖泊水环境响应[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(9):3137-3145.
[12] CHEN F,HOU L,LIU M,et al.Net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs(NANI) into the Yangtze River basin and the relationship with riverine nitrogen export [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,2016,121(2):451-465.
[13]HOWARTH R W,SWANEY D P,BOYER E W,et al.The influence of climate on average nitrogen export from large watersheds in the Northeastern United States [J]. Biogeochemistry,2006,79: 163-186.
[14] 韩玉国,李叙勇,南哲,等.北京地区2003—2007年人类活动氮积累状况研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1537-1545.
[15] 张汪寿,苏静君,杜新忠,等. 1990—2010 年淮河流域人类活动净氮输入[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1831-1839.
[16] 陈岩,高伟,王东,等.缺水地区人类活动净氮输入与河流响应特征——以海河流域为例[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(10):3600-3606.
[17] 张柏发,陈丁江.1980～2010年浙江某典型河流硝态氮通量对净人类活动氮输入的动态响应[J].环境科学,2014,35(8):2911-2919.
[18] 张汪寿,李叙勇,苏静君.河流氮输出对流域人类活动净氮输入的响应研究综述[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):272-278.
[19] 刘元元,黄宏,梅琨,等.珊溪水源地净人为氮输入演变及总氮浓度响应[J].浙江农业科学,2018,59(2):333-337.
[20] 刘梅冰,陈兴伟,陈莹.山美水库氮营养盐滞留特征及其影响因素的多时间尺度分析[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(7):2348-2356.
[21] LIU X J,ZHANG Y,HAN W X,et al. Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China [J]. Nature,2013,294 (7438):459-462.
[22] 关大伟,李力,岳现录,等.我国大豆的生物固氮潜力研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1497-1504.
[23] 肖林财,沈维力.蛋白质对鸡的营养作用及其需要量[J].养殖技术顾问,2014,(1):57.
[24] 陈天宝,万昭军,付茂忠,等.基于氮素循环的耕地畜禽承载能力评估模型建立与应用[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):191-195.
[25] 王光亚.中国食物成分表[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003:183.
[26] 李爱萍,黄广华,高人,等.福州、建瓯和武夷山大气氮/硫湿沉降特征分析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2015,10(3):33-40.
[27] HAN H,ALLANl J D. Estimation of nitrogen inputs to catchments: comparison of methods and consequences for riverine export prediction [J].Biogeochemistry,2008,91(2/3):177-199.
[28] MEYBECK M. Carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus transport by world rivers [J]. American Journal of Science,1982,282 (4):401-450.
[29] GAO W,SWANEY D P,Hong B,et al. Evaluating anthropogenic N inputs to diverse lake basins: A case study of three Chinese lakes [J]. Ambio,2015,44(7):635-646.
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