历史时期以来人类活动与江汉湖群生态环境演变
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摘要
在收集历史文献和大量前人研究基础上,详细论述了江汉平原历史时期以来人类活动的不同阶段及其对湖泊生态的影响,重建了5个时期人-地相互作用的特征及其表现:新石器时代为人类活动影响微弱期,楚文化-隋朝为人类活动渐强期,唐-明朝为人类活动增强期,清-民国为人类活动强烈期,1949年至今为人类活动强烈干扰期.由于大规模围湖造田,湖群急剧萎缩、水量剧减、水体污染、生物多样性锐减.本文研究表明最近几百年来,人类活动已经成为江汉湖群生态环境演变的主导因子,在人类活动的强烈冲击下,湖泊生态系统在面积、数量、群落结构、生物多样性、营养状态等方面发生了深刻变化,江汉湖群生态处于脆弱状态,严重制约了地区可持续发展.反思人类活动对江汉湖群的影响历史.正确处理"人-湖"关系,不仅要保护和合理利用湖泊资源,而且要与退化湖区生态恢复并重.
On the basis of historical documents and previous researching data,this paper has rebuilt 5stages of human activity history and its impact on the ecological environment of Jianghan Lake Group since the historical period.Stage 1has a slight impact due to the low population in the Neolithic age.Stage 2(from Chu Dynasty to Sui Dynasty,770BC-618AD)has gradually enhanced intensity of human activity related to the slow growth of human population and land reclamation.The intensity of human activity in Stage 3(from Tang Dynasty to Ming Dynasty,618-1644AD)is greatly enhanced due to the sharp growth in population.The intensity of human activity is stronger in Stage 4(from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,1644-1949AD).The impact of human activity on the Jianghan Lake Group is strongest in Stage 5since the foundation of New China(1949AD-present).Due to the extensive reclamation from lakes,the Jianghan Lake Group has undergone a sharp loss of lake numbers,area,water volume,and biodiversity.Our results demonstrate that human activity has turned into being the dominant factor which controls the lake ecology and environment change.The intensive human activity has changed the area,quantity,community structure,biodiversity,and other aspects of nutritional status of lakes.Finally,the lake ecosystem has turned into being fragile,which is the key restriction to the local sustainable development.It is urgently needed to rethink the impact of human activity on the Jianghan Lake Group.How to treat with the relationship between human and lakes is the biggest topic on the regional sustainable development.Harmonious coexistence of human and lake needs great efforts of the whole society,which is,we not only protect lake ecosystems and make rational utilization of lake resources,but also conduct ecological restorations on the degraded ecosystems.
On the basis of historical documents and previous researching data,this paper has rebuilt 5stages of human activity history and its impact on the ecological environment of Jianghan Lake Group since the historical period.Stage 1has a slight impact due to the low population in the Neolithic age.Stage 2(from Chu Dynasty to Sui Dynasty,770BC-618AD)has gradually enhanced intensity of human activity related to the slow growth of human population and land reclamation.The intensity of human activity in Stage 3(from Tang Dynasty to Ming Dynasty,618-1644AD)is greatly enhanced due to the sharp growth in population.The intensity of human activity is stronger in Stage 4(from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,1644-1949AD).The impact of human activity on the Jianghan Lake Group is strongest in Stage 5since the foundation of New China(1949AD-present).Due to the extensive reclamation from lakes,the Jianghan Lake Group has undergone a sharp loss of lake numbers,area,water volume,and biodiversity.Our results demonstrate that human activity has turned into being the dominant factor which controls the lake ecology and environment change.The intensive human activity has changed the area,quantity,community structure,biodiversity,and other aspects of nutritional status of lakes.Finally,the lake ecosystem has turned into being fragile,which is the key restriction to the local sustainable development.It is urgently needed to rethink the impact of human activity on the Jianghan Lake Group.How to treat with the relationship between human and lakes is the biggest topic on the regional sustainable development.Harmonious coexistence of human and lake needs great efforts of the whole society,which is,we not only protect lake ecosystems and make rational utilization of lake resources,but also conduct ecological restorations on the degraded ecosystems.
引文
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