地震动脉冲参数对近断层区深水桥墩动力响应的影响分析
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摘要
本文采用基于流固耦合理论的势流体计算方法,以某典型铁路深水桥梁为研究对象建立墩-水作用模型,引入人工合成近断层等效速度脉冲方法,量化分析并提炼脉冲参数对深水桥墩动水压力及结构地震响应的影响规律。研究表明:脉冲效应有可能使结构动力响应成倍增大,脉冲峰值Vp、脉冲周期Tp和脉冲类型等3类脉冲参数对深水桥墩动力响应均存在明显影响。随着脉冲峰值Vp的增大,不同水深下桥墩结构的动力响应均增大;当脉冲周期Tp接近桥墩结构自振周期时,其动力响应被明显放大;对于本文算例,C类脉冲的影响最明显,B类次之,A类最小。结合反应谱分析可知,不同脉冲参数的影响方式和幅度有所差别,一定程度上可以根据脉冲波反应谱的频谱强度及周期分布特征解释。进行近断层区深水桥梁抗震设计时,应对比检验不同类型脉冲参数的潜在影响,确保桥梁地震安全。
With a typical railway bridge in deep water as an example,apier-water interaction model was established using potential-based fluid method based on fluid-structure interaction theory.The influence of pulse parameters of near-fault ground motions on hydrodynamic pressure and earthquake response on the equivalent pier was quantitatively analyzed,using artificially synthesized near-fault equivalent velocity pulse method.The results showed that the dynamic response of structure may be multiplied under pulse effect.Three kinds of pulse parameters,such as pulse peak Vp,pulse period Tpand pulse type,had great influence on the seismic behavior of pier.With the augmentation of Vp,the dynamic response of piers increased under different water depths.When Tpwas close to the natural vibration period of pier,the dynamic response amplified significantly.For this pier example,C-type pulse had the greatest effect,with the B-type pulse showing the second greatest effect,and A-type pulse showing the minimal effect.Combined with response spectrum analysis,the ways and magnitude of influence for each pulse parameter were different,and these could be explained from the distribution characteristics of intensity and spectrum period of impulsive ground motion.Therefore,for the seismic design of deep-water bridges in near-fault zone,potential influence of different pulse parameters should be contrastively discussed to ensure the safety of bridge structures.
With a typical railway bridge in deep water as an example,apier-water interaction model was established using potential-based fluid method based on fluid-structure interaction theory.The influence of pulse parameters of near-fault ground motions on hydrodynamic pressure and earthquake response on the equivalent pier was quantitatively analyzed,using artificially synthesized near-fault equivalent velocity pulse method.The results showed that the dynamic response of structure may be multiplied under pulse effect.Three kinds of pulse parameters,such as pulse peak Vp,pulse period Tpand pulse type,had great influence on the seismic behavior of pier.With the augmentation of Vp,the dynamic response of piers increased under different water depths.When Tpwas close to the natural vibration period of pier,the dynamic response amplified significantly.For this pier example,C-type pulse had the greatest effect,with the B-type pulse showing the second greatest effect,and A-type pulse showing the minimal effect.Combined with response spectrum analysis,the ways and magnitude of influence for each pulse parameter were different,and these could be explained from the distribution characteristics of intensity and spectrum period of impulsive ground motion.Therefore,for the seismic design of deep-water bridges in near-fault zone,potential influence of different pulse parameters should be contrastively discussed to ensure the safety of bridge structures.
引文
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[14]李新乐,朱晞.近断层地震动等效速度脉冲研究[J].地震学报,2004,26(6):634-643.LI Xin-le,ZHU Xi.Study on Equivalent Velocity Pulse of Near-fault Ground Motions[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(6):634-643.
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[16]江辉,朱晞,倪永军.基于谱分析与RC梁桥检验的脉冲型近场地震动强度度量指标[J].铁道学报,2011,33(3):91-99.JIANG Hui,ZHU Xi,NI Yong-jun.Intensity Indice of Impulsive Near-fault Earthquake Ground Motion Based on Spectra Analysis and RC Bridge Check[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2011,33(3):91-99.
[17]LIU T L,LUAN Y,ZHONG W.A Numerical Approach for Modeling Near-fault Ground Motion and Its Application in the 1994Northridge Earthquake[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2012,34(1):52-61.
[18]HOSEINI V S R,SHARBATDAR M K,AMIRI G G,et al.Dominant Pulse Simulation of Near Fault Ground Motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,12(2):267-278.
[19]王炎,谢旭,申永刚.近场地震作用下铁路减震桥梁地震响应研究[J].铁道学报,2012,34(12):102-109.WAN Yan,XIE Xu,SHEN Yong-gang.Seismic Response of Isolated Railway Bridge Subjected to Near-fault Ground Motion[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2012,34(12):102-109.
[20]居荣初,曾心传.弹性结构与液体的耦联振动理论[M].北京:地震出版社,1983:2-10.
[21]LI Q,YANG W L.An Improved Method of Hydrodynamic Pressure Calculation for Circular Hollow Piers in Deep Water under Earthquake[J].Ocean Engineering,2013,72:241-256.
[2]黄信,李忠献.动水压力作用对深水桥墩地震响应的影响[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(1):65-73.HUANG Xin,LI Zhong-xian.Influence of H·rodynamic Pressure on Seismic Response of Bridge Piers in Dee PWater[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(1):65-73.
[3]高学奎,朱晞,李辉.近场地震作用下深水桥墩的地震响应分析[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2006,28(3):83-87.GAO Xue-kui,ZHU Xi,LI Hui.Seismic Response Analysis of Bridge Pier in Dee PWater Excited by Near-fault Earthquakes[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2006,28(3):83-87.
[4]李悦,王克海,李茜,等.动水对深水大跨刚构桥地震响应影响[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(12):76-81.LI Yue,WANG Ke-hai,LI Qian,et al.Effect of H·rodynamic Force on Long-span Deep-water Rigid Frame Bridge in Earthquake[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(12):76-81.
[5]王海云,谢礼立.近断层强地震动的特点[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(12):2070-2072,2076.WANG Hai-yun,XIE Li-li.Characteristics of Near-fault Strong Ground Motions[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2006,38(12):2070-2072,2076.
[6]李爽,谢礼立.近场问题的研究现状与发展方向[J].地震学报,2007,29(1):102-111,114.LI Shuang,XIE Li-li.Progress and Trend on Near-field Problems in Civil Engineering[J].Acta Seimologica Sinica,2007,29(1):102-111,114.
[7]Jónsson M H,Bessason B,Haflidason E.Earthquake Response of a Base-isolated Bridge Subjected to Strong Nearfault Ground Motion[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30(6):447-455.
[8]BROWN A,SAIIDI M S.Investigation of Effect of Nearfault Motions on Substandard Bridge Structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,10(1):1-11.
[9]KRAWINKLER H,ALAVI B.Development of Improved Design Procedures for Near-fault Ground Motions[C]//SMIP98Seminar on Utilization of Strong-motion Data.Oakland:CA,1998:21-41.
[10]SASANI M,BERTEROV V.Importance of Severe Pulse type Ground Motions in Performance-based Engineering:Historical and Critical Review[C]//Proceedings of the12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Auckland:12WCEE,2000:1302.
[11]MAKRIS N,ROUSSOS Y.Rocking Response and Overturning of Equipment under Horizontal Pulse-type Motion[R].Report PEER 1998-05.Berkely:University of California,1998:1-81.
[12]MENUN C,FU Q.An Analytical Model for Near-fault Ground Motions and the Response of SDOF Systems[C]//Seventh U.S.National Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Boston:Massachusetts.2002.
[13]MAVROEIDIS G P.A Mathematical Representation of Near-fault Ground Motions[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93(3):1099-1131.
[14]李新乐,朱晞.近断层地震动等效速度脉冲研究[J].地震学报,2004,26(6):634-643.LI Xin-le,ZHU Xi.Study on Equivalent Velocity Pulse of Near-fault Ground Motions[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(6):634-643.
[15]田玉基,杨庆山,卢明奇.近断层脉冲型地震动的模拟方法[J].地震学报,2007,29(1):77-84.TIAN Yu-ji,YANG Qing-shan,LU Ming-qi.Simulation Method of Near-fault Pulse-type Ground Motion[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(1):77-84.
[16]江辉,朱晞,倪永军.基于谱分析与RC梁桥检验的脉冲型近场地震动强度度量指标[J].铁道学报,2011,33(3):91-99.JIANG Hui,ZHU Xi,NI Yong-jun.Intensity Indice of Impulsive Near-fault Earthquake Ground Motion Based on Spectra Analysis and RC Bridge Check[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2011,33(3):91-99.
[17]LIU T L,LUAN Y,ZHONG W.A Numerical Approach for Modeling Near-fault Ground Motion and Its Application in the 1994Northridge Earthquake[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2012,34(1):52-61.
[18]HOSEINI V S R,SHARBATDAR M K,AMIRI G G,et al.Dominant Pulse Simulation of Near Fault Ground Motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,12(2):267-278.
[19]王炎,谢旭,申永刚.近场地震作用下铁路减震桥梁地震响应研究[J].铁道学报,2012,34(12):102-109.WAN Yan,XIE Xu,SHEN Yong-gang.Seismic Response of Isolated Railway Bridge Subjected to Near-fault Ground Motion[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2012,34(12):102-109.
[20]居荣初,曾心传.弹性结构与液体的耦联振动理论[M].北京:地震出版社,1983:2-10.
[21]LI Q,YANG W L.An Improved Method of Hydrodynamic Pressure Calculation for Circular Hollow Piers in Deep Water under Earthquake[J].Ocean Engineering,2013,72:241-256.