基于产汇流理论的设计洪水推理公式方法改进
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摘要
北京水科院推理公式法的建立、发展及成功应用,是我国水文科学的重要成就之一。水科院法是推理公式的优化,该方法考虑了暴雨时程的变化,在净雨分析时引入产流历时的概念,采用暴雨及平均损失强度进行洪水计算。近年来,实践验证及综合分析表明,水科院法采用的关键参数平均损失强度概化设定存在不确定性。损失强度概化设定实质是设计暴雨推求净雨过程中的扣损问题,而净雨计算可依靠目前较成熟的产汇流理论。利用降雨径流相关法,可推算出最大汇流历时的净雨量,也可计算净雨过程,得到净雨过程与断面出口洪水的对应关系,以避免损失强度概化设定的不确定性,使洪水计算结果接近实际,从而完善了推理公式法。
The establishment,improvement and successful application of the IWHR reasoning formula method,an optimization of the reasoning formula method,is one of the important achievements in hydrology. It considers the time-history variation of rainstorm,introduces the concept of runoff duration in the analysis of net rainfall,and adopts rainstorm and average loss intensity in the calculation of flood. In recent years,the practice and comprehensive analysis show that the determination of the average rainfall loss intensity,a key parameter of the IWHR reasoning formula method,is uncertain. In fact,the problem of the generalization and determination of the rainfall loss intensity is a reduction in the process from design rainstorm to net rainfall,which could be resolved by runoff generation and confluence theory. By using the method of rainfall-runoff correlation,the net rainfall in the maximum confluence duration and the net rain process can be calculated,so the relationship between the net rain process and the flood at the exit section can be formed. Thus,the uncertainty of the generalized loss intensity can be avoided and the flood calculation result is more closer to the reality. Therefore,the reasoning formula method is perfected.
The establishment,improvement and successful application of the IWHR reasoning formula method,an optimization of the reasoning formula method,is one of the important achievements in hydrology. It considers the time-history variation of rainstorm,introduces the concept of runoff duration in the analysis of net rainfall,and adopts rainstorm and average loss intensity in the calculation of flood. In recent years,the practice and comprehensive analysis show that the determination of the average rainfall loss intensity,a key parameter of the IWHR reasoning formula method,is uncertain. In fact,the problem of the generalization and determination of the rainfall loss intensity is a reduction in the process from design rainstorm to net rainfall,which could be resolved by runoff generation and confluence theory. By using the method of rainfall-runoff correlation,the net rainfall in the maximum confluence duration and the net rain process can be calculated,so the relationship between the net rain process and the flood at the exit section can be formed. Thus,the uncertainty of the generalized loss intensity can be avoided and the flood calculation result is more closer to the reality. Therefore,the reasoning formula method is perfected.
引文
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[3]陈家琦,张恭肃.小流域暴雨洪水计算[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1985.
[4]夏军,左其亭.国际水文科学研究的新进展[J].地球科学进展,2006(3):1-4.
[5]芮孝芳,梁霄.水文学的现状及未来[J].水利水电科技进展,2011(2):1-4.
[6]芮孝芳,梁霄.水文学与“大数据”[J].水利水电科技进展,2016(3):1-4.
[7]刘权授,胡凤彬.谈推理公式的改进—读“推理公式的应用与改进一文后”[J].水文,1984(3):53-56.
[8]刘克岩,张子贤.对确定推理公式中损失参数μ值的建议[J].水文,1985(3):45.
[9]四川省水利电力厅.四川省中小流域设计暴雨洪水图集[Z].成都:四川省水利电力厅,1984.
[10]河南省水利勘测设计院.河南省中小流域设计暴雨洪水图集[Z].郑州:河南省水利勘测设计院,1984.
[11]湖北省水利勘测设计院.湖北省暴雨径流查算图表[Z].武汉:湖北省水利勘测设计院,1985.
[12] SL44-2006水利水电工程设计洪水计算规范[S].
[13]芮孝芳.水文学原理[M].北京:水利电力出版社. 2004.
[14]詹道江,叶守泽.工程水文学(第三版)[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社,2000.
[15]包为民.水文预报(第三版)[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社,2006.
[16]水利部黄河水利委员会勘测规划设计研究院.蟒河口水库初步设计报告[R].郑州:水利部黄河水利委员会勘测规划设计研究院,2007.
[17] SL258-2017水库大坝安全评价导则[S].
[18]章彩霞.黄山市常遇洪峰流量计算探讨[J].江淮水利科技,2011(1):38-40.
[19]岳延兵,胡玉春.用设计暴雨推求设计洪水在防洪评价中的应用[J].人民黄河,2017,39(3):33-36.
[20]刘伟,王中华.设计洪水计算中扣损方法研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2013(S1):1-2.
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