中国生物燃料乙醇替代汽油的净能源分析
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摘要
中国明确提出了2020年实现全国覆盖E10汽油目标,但目前生物燃料乙醇实际产出不到目标的1/4,中国生物燃料乙醇是否有潜力实现该目标成为了不可回避的课题。本文利用净能源理论对生物燃料乙醇进行了能源投入回报(EROI)分析,确定中国木薯、甜高粱和秸秆为原料的燃料乙醇EROI均大于1,具备可行性,但受资源限制净能源供应能力还远低于汽油。本文提出2点建议:一是加快提效降耗技术发展,将EROI提高到1.78左右,将生物燃料乙醇EROI对净能源量的影响降低到较低水平;二是着力开发秸秆资源利用,控制边际性土地大面积开发利用,促进生物质能友好发展。
China has clearly stated that it will achieve the goal of nationwide covering E10 gasoline by 2020.However, the actual output of bioethanol is less than 1/4 of the target now. Whether China's bioethanol can achieve this goal become an unavoidable issue. The paper studies EROI analysis of bioethanol by different raw material and gasoline. The results show that the EROI of bioethanol all are more than 1, which means feasible, but due to limited resource its net energy supply ability is still lower than gasoline. Finally, the paper offers two suggestions: first, it should speed up the technology for reducing energy consumption, and enhance the EROI to 1.78, which means that the bioethanol EROI impact on net energy lowly; secondly, it should focus on the development of straw resources and control marginal land large-scale use to promote the friendly development of biomass.
China has clearly stated that it will achieve the goal of nationwide covering E10 gasoline by 2020.However, the actual output of bioethanol is less than 1/4 of the target now. Whether China's bioethanol can achieve this goal become an unavoidable issue. The paper studies EROI analysis of bioethanol by different raw material and gasoline. The results show that the EROI of bioethanol all are more than 1, which means feasible, but due to limited resource its net energy supply ability is still lower than gasoline. Finally, the paper offers two suggestions: first, it should speed up the technology for reducing energy consumption, and enhance the EROI to 1.78, which means that the bioethanol EROI impact on net energy lowly; secondly, it should focus on the development of straw resources and control marginal land large-scale use to promote the friendly development of biomass.
引文
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[19]Xu X,Yang Y,Xiao C,et al.Energy balance and global warming potential of corn straw-based bioethanol in China from a life cycle perspective[J].International Journal of Green Energy,2017,(8).
[20]Ou X,Zhang X,Chang S.Alternative fuel buses currently in use in China:Life-cycle fossil energy use,GHG emissions and policy recommendations[J].Energy Policy,2010,38(1):406-418.
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[22]徐博,冯连勇,胡燕,等.能源投入回报(EROI)研究进展探析[J].中国矿业,2016,25(2):42-52.
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[2]石元春.中国生物质原料资源[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(2):16-23.
[3]严良政,张琳,王士强,等.中国能源作物生产生物乙醇的潜力及分布特点[J].农业工程学报,2008,(05):213-216.
[4]谢光辉,刘奇颀,段增强,等.中国宜能非粮土地资源评价研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(2):1-10.
[5]范英,吴方卫,尚登贤.中国液态生物质燃料的潜力测算[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(10):160-166.
[6]靳胜英,张礼安,张福琴.中国可用于生产燃料乙醇的秸秆资源分析[J].国际石油经济,2008,(09):51-55.
[7]Cottrell W F.Energy and Society:The Relationship Between Energy,Social Change,and Economic Development[M].New York:Mc Graw Hill,1955.
[8]Odum H T.Energy,ecology,and economics[J].Ambio,1973,2(6):220-227.
[9]Chambers R S,Herendeen R A,Joyce J J,et al.Gasohol:Does It or Doesn’t It Produce Positive Net Energy?[J].Science,1979,206(4420):789.
[10]Hanif M,Mahlia T M I,Aditiya H B,et al.Energy and environmental assessments of bioethanol production from Sri Kanji 1 cassava in Malaysia[J].2017,4(1):537-544.
[11]Murphy D J,Hall C A S,Powers B.New perspectives on the energy return on(energy)investment(EROI)of corn ethanol[J].Environment Development&Sustainability,2011,13(1):179-202.
[12]Montemayor-Aldrete J A,Lama-García A D L,Cruz F,et al.Impact of Global Energy Resources Based on Energy Return on their Investment(EROI)Parameters[J].Perspectives on Global Development&Technology,2016,15(1-2):290-299.
[13]Fizaine F,Court V.Energy expenditure,economic growth,and the minimum EROI of society[J].Energy Policy,2016,95:172-186.
[14]Feng,J.,Feng,L.,Wang,J.Analysis of Point-of-Use Energy Return on Investment and Net Energy Yields from China’s Conventional Fossil Fuels[Z].Energies 2018,11:313.
[15]Hall C A S.Methods and Critiques for EROI Applied to Modern Fuels[M].Springer International Publishing,2017.
[16]Chen W,Wu F,Zhang J.Potential production of non-food biofuels in China[J].Renewable Energy,2016,85:939-944.
[17]Ding N,Yang Y,Cai H,et al.Life cycle assessment of fuel ethanol produced from soluble sugar in sweet sorghum stalks in North China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017:161.
[18]岳国君,孙振江,沈乃东.广西中粮20万吨/年木薯燃料乙醇净能量分析[J].生物工程学报,2015,31(2):242-250.
[19]Xu X,Yang Y,Xiao C,et al.Energy balance and global warming potential of corn straw-based bioethanol in China from a life cycle perspective[J].International Journal of Green Energy,2017,(8).
[20]Ou X,Zhang X,Chang S.Alternative fuel buses currently in use in China:Life-cycle fossil energy use,GHG emissions and policy recommendations[J].Energy Policy,2010,38(1):406-418.
[21]石元春.决胜生物质[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2010.
[22]徐博,冯连勇,胡燕,等.能源投入回报(EROI)研究进展探析[J].中国矿业,2016,25(2):42-52.
[23]Agostinho F,Ortega E.Energetic-environmental assessment of a scenario for Brazilian cellulosic ethanol.[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2013,47(47):474-489.
[24]Hammerschlag,R.Ethanol’s Energy Return on Investment:ASurvey of the Literature 1990-PresentEnviron[Z].Sci.Technol,2006,40:1744-1750.