基于电力电子变压器的交直流混合配电网功率-电压协调控制
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摘要
传统交流配电网柔性调控能力不足,限制了分布式可再生能源(DER)的充分消纳和高效利用,DER接入引发的节点电压异常波动就是重要表现。利用双向多端口的电力电子变压器(PET)构建交直流混合配电系统可以实现灵活组网、减少交直流电量变换环节同时极大地增强对系统潮流调控能力,是解决DER在配网层面高比例接入的重要方案。本文对PET的拓扑结构、组网形式及控制模型进行研究,提出一种PET稳态模型,该模型集成了多个不同电压等级的交直流端口,且每个端口均可独立控制传输功率与端口电压,有利于主从或下垂控制等控制策略的实施。进一步提出了以交直流系统节点电压偏移最小为目标的PET功率-电压协调控制方法,对交直流混合配电算例系统的计算分析表明,交直流混合系统中的PET可以通过灵活、快速的端口功率控制,显著改善系统电压越限、应对分布式电源的出力波动,从而提高分布式电源渗透率、促进可再生能源的就地消纳。
The increasing penetration of renewable generation and large implementation of the DC loads are challenges that stress the current distribution systems by causing uncertain voltage variations. AC-DC hybrid distribution network is seen as an innovative solution to address the problem of accommodating highly-dispersed sustainable energy. Specifically, Power Electronic Transformer(PET), which is capable of enhance power quality performance and controllability of power distribution, attracts increasing focuses in this decade as a promising advanced converter. It is of great interest to investigate how to operate the multiple PETs with different modes in a coordinated manner to optimize distribution network performance. This paper formulates the coordinated operation model for multiple PETs to enable fast voltage regulation for hybrid active distribution network equipped with large-scale penetration of invertor-based solar power and DC load. A hybrid optimal power flow(OPF) describing the controlling modes of PETs and operating interaction between AC-DC subsystems is proposed in this paper. The case studies on a modified IEEE 33 AC-DC hybrid power distribution system show that voltage profile can be optimized by using the flexible controlling resource of PETs, facilitating the timely performance adjustment in the presence of fast fluctuating DGs output.
The increasing penetration of renewable generation and large implementation of the DC loads are challenges that stress the current distribution systems by causing uncertain voltage variations. AC-DC hybrid distribution network is seen as an innovative solution to address the problem of accommodating highly-dispersed sustainable energy. Specifically, Power Electronic Transformer(PET), which is capable of enhance power quality performance and controllability of power distribution, attracts increasing focuses in this decade as a promising advanced converter. It is of great interest to investigate how to operate the multiple PETs with different modes in a coordinated manner to optimize distribution network performance. This paper formulates the coordinated operation model for multiple PETs to enable fast voltage regulation for hybrid active distribution network equipped with large-scale penetration of invertor-based solar power and DC load. A hybrid optimal power flow(OPF) describing the controlling modes of PETs and operating interaction between AC-DC subsystems is proposed in this paper. The case studies on a modified IEEE 33 AC-DC hybrid power distribution system show that voltage profile can be optimized by using the flexible controlling resource of PETs, facilitating the timely performance adjustment in the presence of fast fluctuating DGs output.
引文
[1] 孔力,裴玮,叶华,等(Kong Li, Pei Wei, Ye Hua, et al.). 交直流混合配电系统形态、控制与稳定性研究(Review of pattern, control and stability for hybrid AC/DC distribution power systems)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017,36(9): 1-10.
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[9] Guerra G, Martinez-Velasco J A. A solid state transformer model for power flow calculations[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2017, 89: 40-51.
[10] Miao J, Zhang N, Kang C. Generalized steady-state model for energy router with applications in power flow calculation[A]. 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting[C]. 2016.1-5.
[11] 苗键强,张宁,康重庆(Miao Jianqiang, Zhang Ning, Kang Chongqing). 能量路由器对于配电网运行优化的影响分析(Analysis on the influence of energy router on the optimal operation of distribution network)[J]. 中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE), 2017, 37(10): 2832-2839.
[12] 高范强,李子欣,徐飞,等(Gao Fanqiang, Li Zixin, Xu Fei, et al.). 一种高频链模块化电力电子变压器(Power electronic transformer based on modular converter with high-frequency link)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017, 36(5): 51-58.
[13] She X. Control and design of a high voltage solid state transformer and its integration with renewable energy resources and microgrid system[D]. Raleigh: North Carolina State University, 2013.
[14] 张璐,唐巍,梁军,等(Zhang Lu, Tang Wei, Liang Jun, et al.). 基于VSC的交直流混合中压配电网功率-电压协调控制(Power-voltage coordinated control in hybrid AC/DC medium voltage distribution networks based on VSC)[J]. 中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE), 2016, 36(22): 6067-6075.
[15] Jonnavithula S, Billinton R. Minimum cost analysis of feeder routing in distribution system planning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(4): 1935-1940.
[16] 丛鹏伟,唐巍,张璐,等(Cong Pengwei, Tang Wei, Zhang Lu, et al.). 基于机会约束规划考虑DG与负荷多状态的配电网重构(Chance-constrained programming based distribution network reconfiguration considering multi-States of distributed generation and load)[J]. 电网技术(Power System Technology), 2013, 37(9): 2573-2579.
[2] 康重庆,姚良忠(Kang Chongqing, Yao Liangzhong). 高比例可再生能源电力系统的关键科学问题与理论研究框架(Key scientific issues and theoretical research framework for power systems with high proportion of renewable energy)[J]. 电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems), 2017,41(9): 2-11.
[3] Huang A Q, Crow M L, Heydt G T, et al. The future renewable electric energy delivery and management system: The energy internet [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2011, 99(1): 133-148.
[4] Alepuz S, González-Molina F, Martin-Arnedo J, et al. Development and testing of a bidirectional distribution electronic power transformer model [J]. Electric Power Systems Research. 2014, 107(5): 230-239.
[5] Shah D, Crow M L. Online volt-var control for distribution systems with solid-state transformers [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2016, 31(1):343-350.
[6] Hambridge S, Huang A Q, Yu R. Solid state transformer (SST) as an energy router: Economic dispatch based energy routing strategy[A]. Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition[C]. 2015.2355-2360.
[7] Roasto I, Romero-Cadaval E, Martins J, et al. State of the art of active power electronic transformers for smart grids[A].IECON 2012-38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society[C]. 2012.5241-5246.
[8] Roy S, De A, Bhattacharya S. Multi-port solid state transformer for inter-grid power flow control[A]. Power Electronics Conference[C]. 2014.3286-3291.
[9] Guerra G, Martinez-Velasco J A. A solid state transformer model for power flow calculations[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2017, 89: 40-51.
[10] Miao J, Zhang N, Kang C. Generalized steady-state model for energy router with applications in power flow calculation[A]. 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting[C]. 2016.1-5.
[11] 苗键强,张宁,康重庆(Miao Jianqiang, Zhang Ning, Kang Chongqing). 能量路由器对于配电网运行优化的影响分析(Analysis on the influence of energy router on the optimal operation of distribution network)[J]. 中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE), 2017, 37(10): 2832-2839.
[12] 高范强,李子欣,徐飞,等(Gao Fanqiang, Li Zixin, Xu Fei, et al.). 一种高频链模块化电力电子变压器(Power electronic transformer based on modular converter with high-frequency link)[J]. 电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017, 36(5): 51-58.
[13] She X. Control and design of a high voltage solid state transformer and its integration with renewable energy resources and microgrid system[D]. Raleigh: North Carolina State University, 2013.
[14] 张璐,唐巍,梁军,等(Zhang Lu, Tang Wei, Liang Jun, et al.). 基于VSC的交直流混合中压配电网功率-电压协调控制(Power-voltage coordinated control in hybrid AC/DC medium voltage distribution networks based on VSC)[J]. 中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE), 2016, 36(22): 6067-6075.
[15] Jonnavithula S, Billinton R. Minimum cost analysis of feeder routing in distribution system planning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(4): 1935-1940.
[16] 丛鹏伟,唐巍,张璐,等(Cong Pengwei, Tang Wei, Zhang Lu, et al.). 基于机会约束规划考虑DG与负荷多状态的配电网重构(Chance-constrained programming based distribution network reconfiguration considering multi-States of distributed generation and load)[J]. 电网技术(Power System Technology), 2013, 37(9): 2573-2579.