隧道洞口软硬围岩交接段地震响应大型振动台模型试验研究
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摘要
为提高强震区交通隧道洞口段的地震安全性和结构抗震性能,以汶川地震白云顶隧道进口段为研究背景,开展了隧道洞口软硬围岩交接段地震响应的大型振动台模型试验研究。介绍了试验方案设计,主要包括试验设备、相似设计、动力荷载、动力特性及加载制度。对试验数据进行了分析,主要研究了隧道洞口软硬围岩交接段由硬岩向软岩方向发展过程中隧道结构地震动峰值加速度(PGA)、纵向应变、接触应力及结构内力的空间变化规律。研究结果表明:隧道洞口软硬围岩交接段由硬岩向软岩方向发展,隧道结构PGA放大系数由1.04增大至1.68,纵向应变增加倍数由1.09增大至4.29,接触应力增加倍数由6.34增大至32.16,安全系数最小值减小百分比由26.18%增大至53.48%;随着受软岩影响的增大,作用于隧道结构的地震惯性力和强制位移不断增加,致使结构安全性不断降低。研究成果可为高烈度地震区交通隧道抗震设防设计提供参考。
In order to improve the seismic safety and structural seismic performance of portal section of traffic tunnels in meizoseismal area, based on the research background of the Baiyunding tunnel portal in Wenchuan earthquake, a large-scale shaking table model test study on the seismic response of the soft and hard surrounding rock interface section of the tunnel portal was carried out. Firstly, the design of test scheme was introduced, including test equipment, similar design, dynamic load, dynamic characteristics and loading system. Then, the test data was analyzed, and the spatial variation law of peak earthquake acceleration(PGA), longitudinal strain, contact stress and internal force of tunnel structure during the transition from hard rock to soft rock at the soft and hard surrounding rock interface section of the tunnel portal were studied. The results showed that the development of the soft and hard surrounding rock interface section in the tunnel portal was hard rock to soft rock. The magnification factor of PGA increased from 1.04 to 1.68, the increasing multiple of longitudinal strain increased from 1.09 to 4.29, and the increasing multiple of contact stress increased from 6.34 to 32.16, the percentage reduction of minimum safety factor increased from 26.18% to 53.48%. The seismic inertia force and the forced displacement acting on the tunnel structure increased continuously with the influence of soft rock increasing, resulting in the structural safety decreasing continuously.The results of this research can provide a reference for the traffic tunnel design and the seismic fortificat in highly seismic regions.
In order to improve the seismic safety and structural seismic performance of portal section of traffic tunnels in meizoseismal area, based on the research background of the Baiyunding tunnel portal in Wenchuan earthquake, a large-scale shaking table model test study on the seismic response of the soft and hard surrounding rock interface section of the tunnel portal was carried out. Firstly, the design of test scheme was introduced, including test equipment, similar design, dynamic load, dynamic characteristics and loading system. Then, the test data was analyzed, and the spatial variation law of peak earthquake acceleration(PGA), longitudinal strain, contact stress and internal force of tunnel structure during the transition from hard rock to soft rock at the soft and hard surrounding rock interface section of the tunnel portal were studied. The results showed that the development of the soft and hard surrounding rock interface section in the tunnel portal was hard rock to soft rock. The magnification factor of PGA increased from 1.04 to 1.68, the increasing multiple of longitudinal strain increased from 1.09 to 4.29, and the increasing multiple of contact stress increased from 6.34 to 32.16, the percentage reduction of minimum safety factor increased from 26.18% to 53.48%. The seismic inertia force and the forced displacement acting on the tunnel structure increased continuously with the influence of soft rock increasing, resulting in the structural safety decreasing continuously.The results of this research can provide a reference for the traffic tunnel design and the seismic fortificat in highly seismic regions.
引文
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[12]Shen Yusheng,Gao Bo,Wang Yingxue.Structural dynamic properties analysis for portal part of mountain tunnel in strong earthquake areal[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,28(Supp1):3131-3136.[申玉生,高波,王英学.强震区山岭隧道洞口段结构动力特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):3131-3136.]
[13]日本土木学会.コンクリート標準示方書:耐震設計編[M].东京:鹿岛出版会,1997.
[14]Sun Tiecheng,Gao Bo,Wang Zhengzheng.Aseismic and seism-reducing modeling study for entrance of two-track tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(7):2021-2026.[孙铁成,高波,王峥峥.双洞隧道洞口段抗减震模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(7):2021-2026.]
[15]重庆交通科研设计院.公路隧道设计规范:JTG D70-2004[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[2]Gao Bo,Wang Zhengzheng,Yuan Song,et al.Lessons learnt from damage of highway tunnels in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(3):336-374.[高波,王峥峥,袁松,等.汶川地震公路隧道震害启示[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):336-374.]
[3]Cui Guangyao,Wang Mingnian,Lin Guojin,et.Statistical analysis of earthquake damage types of typical highway tunnel lining structure in Wenchuan seismic disastrous area[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2011,22(1):122-127.[崔光耀,王明年,林国进,等.汶川地震区典型公路隧道衬砌震害类型统计分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2011,22(1):122-127.]
[4]Cui Guangyao.The seismic design calculation method and test study of tunnel shallow-buried portal and rupture stickslipping section[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.[崔光耀.隧道洞口浅埋段和断裂粘滑段抗震设计计算方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.]
[5]Shen Yusheng,Zou Chenglu,Jin Zongzhen,et al.A study of the dynamic response characteristics of a tunnel structure through an interface of soft and hard rock[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2015,52(6):95-102.[申玉生,邹成路,靳宗振,等.穿越软硬交界面隧道结构动力响应特性研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(6):95-102.]
[6]Yin Yunteng,Li Tingchun.Analysis and study of the seismic failure mechanism and aseismic measures of a tunnel structure in the rock-soil interface area[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2013,50(4):84-91.[殷允腾,李廷春.土岩软硬结合部隧道结构的震害机理分析及抗震研究[J].现代隧道技术,2013,50(4):84-91.]
[7]Cui Guangyao,Wang Mingnian,Yu Li,et al.Analysis of seismic damage and mechanism of portal structure of highway tunnel in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(6):1084-1091.[崔光耀,王明年,于丽,等.汶川地震公路隧道洞口结构震害分析及震害机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(6):1084-1091.]
[8]Cui Guangyao,Liu Weidong,Ni Songzhi,et al.Analysis of seismic damage and mechanism of general section of highway tunnel in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(Supp 2):439-446.[崔光耀,刘维东,倪嵩陟,等.汶川地震公路隧道普通段震害分析及震害机制研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增2):439-446.]
[9]Tao Lianjin,Li Shulong,Hou Sen,et al.Shaking table test for seismic response in portal section of mountain tunnel[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2016,32(4):7-16.[陶连金,李书龙,侯森,等.山岭隧道洞口段地震响应振动台模型试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2016,32(4):7-16.]
[10]Jiang Shuping,Wen Dongliang,Zheng Shengbao.Largescale shaking table test for seismic response in portal section of Galongla tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,30(4):649-656.[蒋树屏,文栋良,郑升宝.嘎隆拉隧道洞口段地震响应大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):649-656.]
[11]Li Lin,He Chuan,Geng Ping,et al.Study of shaking table model test for seismic response of portal section of shallow unsymmetrical loading tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,30(12):2540-2548.[李林,何川,耿萍,等.浅埋偏压洞口段隧道地震响应振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(12):2540-2548.]
[12]Shen Yusheng,Gao Bo,Wang Yingxue.Structural dynamic properties analysis for portal part of mountain tunnel in strong earthquake areal[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,28(Supp1):3131-3136.[申玉生,高波,王英学.强震区山岭隧道洞口段结构动力特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):3131-3136.]
[13]日本土木学会.コンクリート標準示方書:耐震設計編[M].东京:鹿岛出版会,1997.
[14]Sun Tiecheng,Gao Bo,Wang Zhengzheng.Aseismic and seism-reducing modeling study for entrance of two-track tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(7):2021-2026.[孙铁成,高波,王峥峥.双洞隧道洞口段抗减震模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(7):2021-2026.]
[15]重庆交通科研设计院.公路隧道设计规范:JTG D70-2004[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.