川北地区须四段致密砂岩储层特征及成岩演化
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摘要
通过薄片、扫描电镜、压汞及测录井资料分析,结合野外剖面调查和岩心观测等手段,对四川盆地北部须家河组四段致密砂岩储层特征及成岩演化规律进行了研究。结果表明:研究区西部主要发育钙屑砂岩储层,北部主要发育岩屑砂岩储层,东部主要发育长石岩屑砂岩储层,岩石类型的分区性与盆地北部周缘三物源体系分布息息相关;储层物性表现为特低孔、特低渗的特征,孔隙类型以次生溶孔和微裂缝为主,以小孔、细吼为主要特征;储层成岩作用类型复杂,主要有压实压溶作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用、交代蚀变作用和破裂作用。多种类型的成岩作用在特低渗透致密砂岩储层形成过程中扮演着重要角色。其中,压实作用是造成原生孔隙损失的最主要因素,使储层孔隙度损失77.52%左右;胶结作用破坏储层物性,使孔隙度损失30%左右;溶蚀作用形成次生孔隙,增加孔隙度3.28%;后期构造作用对储层有建设性影响,进而形成现今以次生溶孔-裂缝为主要储集空间的致密砂岩储层。
Analyses based on thin section,SEM,mercury intrusion and logging data were combined with outcrop and core observations to study the characteristics and diagenesis of tight sandstone reservoirs in the fourth member of the Xujiahe Formation in northern Sichuan Basin. The results show a calcareous sandstone-dominated west part,a lithic sandstonedominated north part and a feldspar/lithic sandstone-dominated east part,in the area of interest. The rock type zoning was found to be closely linked to the distribution of the three provenances at the periphery of northern basin. Physical properties can be summarized as ultra-low porosity and permeability. Types of pores were mainly secondary solution pores with small diameter and fine throat and micro fractures. Diagenesis were complicated and varied from compaction and pressure solution,to cementation,dissolution,replacement and alteration as well as fracturing. And all the processes had once played important roles in the formation of ultra-low permeability tight sandstone reservoirs. Compaction caused loss of primary pores by 77. 52% and cementation destroyed reservoir properties through porosity reduction by 30%. Dissolution generated secondary pores and increased porosity by 3. 28%. Later tectonic activities also helped shaping the reservoirs with secondary solution pores-fractures being the main accumulation space.
Analyses based on thin section,SEM,mercury intrusion and logging data were combined with outcrop and core observations to study the characteristics and diagenesis of tight sandstone reservoirs in the fourth member of the Xujiahe Formation in northern Sichuan Basin. The results show a calcareous sandstone-dominated west part,a lithic sandstonedominated north part and a feldspar/lithic sandstone-dominated east part,in the area of interest. The rock type zoning was found to be closely linked to the distribution of the three provenances at the periphery of northern basin. Physical properties can be summarized as ultra-low porosity and permeability. Types of pores were mainly secondary solution pores with small diameter and fine throat and micro fractures. Diagenesis were complicated and varied from compaction and pressure solution,to cementation,dissolution,replacement and alteration as well as fracturing. And all the processes had once played important roles in the formation of ultra-low permeability tight sandstone reservoirs. Compaction caused loss of primary pores by 77. 52% and cementation destroyed reservoir properties through porosity reduction by 30%. Dissolution generated secondary pores and increased porosity by 3. 28%. Later tectonic activities also helped shaping the reservoirs with secondary solution pores-fractures being the main accumulation space.
引文
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[15]张辉,文彩霞,刘晓鹏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地定边-高桥地区盒八段储层特征及控制因素分析[J].石油天然气学报,2011,35(10):45-50.Zhang Hui,Wen Caixia,Liu Xiaopeng,et al.Reservoir characteristics and control factors of He8 of Permain Shihezi formation in DingbianGaoqiao area of Ordos basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,35(10):45-50.
[16]李继岩.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷东段红层储层成岩环境时空演化及成岩孔隙演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(1):90-97.Li Jiyan.Temporal spatial evolution of diagenetic environment and diagenesis pore evolutionary process of red beds in the eastern Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(1):90-97.
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[19]郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.四川盆地形成与演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:4-23.Guo Zhengwu,Deng Kangling,Han Yonghui,et al.The formation and development of Sichuan Basin[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996:4-23.
[20]祝海华,钟大康,张亚雄,等.川南地区三叠系须家河组致密砂岩孔隙类型及物性控制因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):65-76.Zhu Haihua,Zhong Dakang,Zhang Yaxiong,et al.Pore types and controlling factors on porosity and permeability of Upper Triassic Xujiahe tight sandstone reservoir in Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(1):65-76.
[21]钟大康,朱筱敏,李树静,等.早期碳酸盐胶结作用对砂岩孔隙演化的影响:以塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷志留系砂岩为例[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):885-890.Zhong Dakang,Zhu Xiaomin,Li Shujing,et al.Influence of early Carbonate cementation on the evolution of sandstones:a case study from Silurian sandstones of Manjiaer depression,Tarmi basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,25(6):885-890.
[22]孟元林,王志国,杨俊生,等.成岩过程综合模拟及其应用[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(2):211-220.Mrng Yuanlin,Wang Zhiguo,Yang Junsheng,et al.Comprehensive process-oriented simulation of diagenesis and its application[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2003,25(2):211-220.
[23]彭军,吴慧明,韩浩东,等.巴楚地区东河塘组致密砂岩储层成岩相研究[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(2):245-255.Peng Jun,Wu Huiming,Han Haodong,et al.Study on diagenetic facies of the Donghetang tight sandstone reservoirs in Bachu area[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(2):245-255.
[2]郑荣才,戴朝成,罗清林,等.四川类前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组沉积体系[J].天然气工业,2011,31(9):16-24.Zheng Rongcai,Dai Chaocheng,Luo Qinglin,et al.Sedimentary system of the upper Triassic Xujiahe formation in the Sichuan forelandoid basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,31(9):16-24.
[3]蒋裕强,陶艳忠,沈妍斐,等.对大川中地区上三叠统须家河组二、四、六段砂岩沉积相的再认识[J].天然气工业,2011,31(9):39-50.Jiang Yuqiang,Tao Yanzhong,Shen Yanfei,et al.A new understanding of sedimentary facies of sandstones in the 2nd,4thand 6thmembers of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Large-Scale Middle Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(9):39-50.
[4]张翔,田景春,杜本强,等.蜀南观音场地区须家河组砂岩致密化与成藏匹配关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2):231-237.Zhang Xiang,Tian Jingchun,Du Benqiang,et al.Matching between sandstone tightening and hydrocarbon accumulation of the Xujiahe Formation,Guanyinchang area in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(2):231-237.
[5]武恒志,叶泰然,赵迪,等.川西坳陷陆相致密气藏河道砂岩储层精细刻画技术及其应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):230-239.Wu Hengzhi,Ye Tairan,Zhao Di,et al.Fine characterization technique and its application to channel sandstone in continental tight gas reservoirs of western Sichuan Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(2):230-239.
[6]赵靖舟.非常规油气有关概念、分类及资源潜力[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(3):393-406.Zhao Jingzhou.Conception,classification and resource potential of unconventional hydrocarbons[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(3):293-406.
[7]邹才能,陶士振,朱如凯,等.“连续型”气藏及其大气区形成机制与分布——以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组煤系大气区为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):307-319.Zou Caineng,Tao Shizheng,Zhu Rukai,et al.Formation and distribution of“continuous”gas reservoirs and their giant gasprovince:a case from the upper Triassic Xujiahe formation giant gas province,Sichuan basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(3):307-319.
[8]曾大乾,李淑贞.中国低渗透砂岩储层类型及地质特征[J].石油学报,1994,15(1):38-46.Zeng Daqian,Li Shuzhen.Type and characteristics of low permeability sandstone reservoirs in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1994,15(1):38-46.
[9]杨晓萍,赵文智,邹才能,等.低渗透储层成因机理及优质储层形成与分布[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):57-61.Yang Xiaoping,Zhao Wenzhi,Zou Caineng,et al.Origin of low-permeability reservoir and distribution of favorable reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):57-61.
[10]王多云,郑希民,李风杰,等.低孔渗油气富集区优质储层形成条件及相关问题[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(2):87-91.Wang Duoyun,Zheng Ximin,Li Fengjie,et al.Forming condition of high quality reservoir and its relative problems in low porosity and permeability enrichment zone[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(2):87-91.
[11]钟大康.致密油储层微观特征及其形成机理——以鄂尔多斯盆地长6—长7段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(1):49-61.Zhong Dakang.Micro petrology,pore throat characteristics and genetic mechanism of tight oil reservoirs—A case from the 6th and 7th members of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(1):49-61.
[12]王威,盘昌林,岳全玲.川东北元坝地区自流井组珍珠冲段致密储层特征与主控因素[J].石油实验地质,2011,25(5):10-12.Wang Wei,Pan Changlin,Yue Quanling.Compact reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Ziliujing formation Zhengzhuchong segment in Yuanba area northeast of Sichuan[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,25(5):10-12.
[13]冯明石,刘家铎,孟万斌,等.四川盆地中西部须家河组储层特征与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(6):713-719.Feng Mingshi,Liu Jiaduo,Meng Wanbin,et al.Characteristics and major controlling factors of reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the central and western Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2009,30(6):713-719.
[14]周勇,纪友亮,张善文,等.胶莱盆地莱阳凹陷莱阳组低渗透砂岩储层特征及物性控制因素[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):611-620.Zhou Yong,Ji Youliang,Zhang Shanwen,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors on physical properties of low-permeability sandstones of the Laiyang formation in the Laiyang Sag,Jiaolai Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):611-620.
[15]张辉,文彩霞,刘晓鹏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地定边-高桥地区盒八段储层特征及控制因素分析[J].石油天然气学报,2011,35(10):45-50.Zhang Hui,Wen Caixia,Liu Xiaopeng,et al.Reservoir characteristics and control factors of He8 of Permain Shihezi formation in DingbianGaoqiao area of Ordos basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,35(10):45-50.
[16]李继岩.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷东段红层储层成岩环境时空演化及成岩孔隙演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(1):90-97.Li Jiyan.Temporal spatial evolution of diagenetic environment and diagenesis pore evolutionary process of red beds in the eastern Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(1):90-97.
[17]AL-Ramadan K A,Hussain M,Imamc B.Lithologic characteristics and diagenesis of the Devonian Jauf sandstone at Ghawar field,eas-tern Saudi Arabia[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(10):1221-1234.
[18]罗志立,赵锡奎,刘树根.龙门山造山带的崛起和四川盆地的形成与演化[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994:7-31.Luo Zhili,Zhao Xikui,Liu Shugen.The rise of Longmenshan orogenic belt and the formation and evolution of Sichuan Basin[M].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press,1994:7-31.
[19]郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.四川盆地形成与演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:4-23.Guo Zhengwu,Deng Kangling,Han Yonghui,et al.The formation and development of Sichuan Basin[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996:4-23.
[20]祝海华,钟大康,张亚雄,等.川南地区三叠系须家河组致密砂岩孔隙类型及物性控制因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):65-76.Zhu Haihua,Zhong Dakang,Zhang Yaxiong,et al.Pore types and controlling factors on porosity and permeability of Upper Triassic Xujiahe tight sandstone reservoir in Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(1):65-76.
[21]钟大康,朱筱敏,李树静,等.早期碳酸盐胶结作用对砂岩孔隙演化的影响:以塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷志留系砂岩为例[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):885-890.Zhong Dakang,Zhu Xiaomin,Li Shujing,et al.Influence of early Carbonate cementation on the evolution of sandstones:a case study from Silurian sandstones of Manjiaer depression,Tarmi basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,25(6):885-890.
[22]孟元林,王志国,杨俊生,等.成岩过程综合模拟及其应用[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(2):211-220.Mrng Yuanlin,Wang Zhiguo,Yang Junsheng,et al.Comprehensive process-oriented simulation of diagenesis and its application[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2003,25(2):211-220.
[23]彭军,吴慧明,韩浩东,等.巴楚地区东河塘组致密砂岩储层成岩相研究[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(2):245-255.Peng Jun,Wu Huiming,Han Haodong,et al.Study on diagenetic facies of the Donghetang tight sandstone reservoirs in Bachu area[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(2):245-255.